黃靜

摘 要：主謂一致作為高考的熱點之一，如何可以做到短時間就能夠輕松把握？本文通過口訣并對其講解，希望在主謂一致的學(xué)習(xí)中可以幫助同學(xué)們做到事半功倍。先找主，再看意；單意復(fù)意得注意；主從非動接單三，表語名詞還得觀；如果平行，遠親不如近鄰。

關(guān)鍵詞：高中語法 主謂一致 口訣

一、先找主，再看意

按照語法一致原則：介詞短語，同位語，定語，定語從句不可能做主語。所以當(dāng)主語后面跟有With together with in addition to rather than 等連接的詞組時，找準(zhǔn)句子主語。

The teacher together with ten students is doing an experiment n the lab.（介詞短語）

The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly（定語）

Walmart，which is one of the largest American supermarket chains，keeps some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.（定語從句）

Now both of her parents are gone.（同位語）

二、單意復(fù)意得注意

1.由and或both...and...連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，指的是復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語動詞用數(shù)形式（不可數(shù)名詞同樣）

Fire and water do not agree

（1）The teacher and writer is her friend

My friend and lawyer has caught a cold

bread and butter黃油面包bread and cheese涂奶酪的面包a knife and fork一副刀叉

（2）every，each，no，many a，more than one

Each teacher and（each）student was given a book.

Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very much.

No employer and no employee knows how to deal with it.

2.集合名詞與謂語動詞的一致

集合名詞作主語，如果表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如表示成員則用復(fù)數(shù)

Army Audience Class Club Committee Company Crowd Family Group 等

My family is large.

My family are waiting for you.

3.復(fù)數(shù)名詞形式

The people hope to live a happy life.

The police have caught the criminal.

4.些表示某類別的總稱的集合名詞furniture equipment jewelry clothing（

The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain

5.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞與謂語動詞的一致。Means Series sheep works species crossroads

All possible means have been tried

Every means has been tried

6.一些學(xué)科名詞是以 –ics 結(jié)尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics 以及news，works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990.

I think physics isn‘t easy to study.

三、主從非動接單三，表語名詞還得觀

引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。但如果其后是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式

What she said is correct

What he needs is money.。

What he gave me are five English books.

Playing with fire is dangerous

四、遠親不如近鄰（就近原則）

當(dāng)there be，not only…but also…，not（just）…but…，or，either…or…，neither…nor…連接主語的句子中及在there be句型中，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)按就近原則處理。

There is a pen，a knife and several books on the desk.

Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week.

Either he or I am to attend the meeting this evening.

Is either he or I to attend the meeting this evening？

在主謂一致的學(xué)習(xí)中，在看似眾多條條框框的規(guī)則中，同學(xué)們應(yīng)該在理解語法本質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)上加以記憶，理解性的記憶才會更加牢固，從而對語言的運用才會得心應(yīng)手。