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江蘇淮北地區(qū)小麥品種資源籽粒硬度基因等位變異的KASP檢測(cè)

2017-03-01 09:03楊子博顧正中周羊梅王安邦高平中熊正海蔣學(xué)祥沈業(yè)松
麥類作物學(xué)報(bào) 2017年2期
關(guān)鍵詞:軟質(zhì)淮北地區(qū)硬質(zhì)

楊子博,顧正中,周羊梅,王安邦,高平中,熊正海,劉 暢,蔣學(xué)祥,沈業(yè)松

(江蘇徐淮地區(qū)淮陰農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究所/淮安市農(nóng)業(yè)生物技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,江蘇淮安 223001)

江蘇淮北地區(qū)小麥品種資源籽粒硬度基因等位變異的KASP檢測(cè)

楊子博,顧正中,周羊梅,王安邦,高平中,熊正海,劉 暢,蔣學(xué)祥,沈業(yè)松

(江蘇徐淮地區(qū)淮陰農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究所/淮安市農(nóng)業(yè)生物技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,江蘇淮安 223001)

為了解江蘇淮北地區(qū)小麥品種資源的籽粒硬度概況及硬度基因型分布規(guī)律,以74份近年來(lái)江蘇淮北地區(qū)所育品種(系)和38份來(lái)自黃淮其他麥區(qū)的常用親本為材料,采用單籽粒谷物硬度測(cè)試儀、KASP標(biāo)記檢測(cè)技術(shù)和基因擴(kuò)增及測(cè)序技術(shù)對(duì)其SKCS硬度值及硬度基因型進(jìn)行鑒定。硬度檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明,供試小麥品種(系)硬度變化范圍較大,但硬質(zhì)麥的比例最大,為70.5%。與常用親本相比,江蘇淮北地區(qū)育成品種中軟質(zhì)麥比例較高,為34.3%,但在高代品系中軟質(zhì)麥比例下降到20.5%?;蛐蜋z測(cè)結(jié)果表明,在 Puroindoline-D1位點(diǎn),供試品種(系)中共檢測(cè)到4種基因型,即野生型( Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a)、 Pina-D1b、 Pinb-D1b和 Pinb-D1p,其頻率依次為25.0%、2.7%、67.9%和4.5%。其中,野生型和Pinb-D1p主要分布在江蘇淮北地區(qū)。不同硬度基因型的硬度值也存在差異,其中以 Pina-D1b基因型的硬度值最高,野生型( Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a)硬度值最低, Pinb-D1b和 Pinb-D1p兩硬質(zhì)類型的籽粒硬度沒(méi)有顯著性差異。在 Pinb-2位點(diǎn),供試品種(系)中共檢測(cè)到25份材料為 Pinb-B2b基因型,包含21份硬質(zhì)麥、2份混合麥和2份軟質(zhì)麥,其平均硬度值為63.8。

小麥;籽粒硬度;Puroindoline基因;KASP

小麥的籽粒硬度是重要的品質(zhì)性狀之一,其決定著小麥的出粉率、潤(rùn)麥加水量、面粉顆粒大小和最終的食品加工品質(zhì),是國(guó)際商品麥等級(jí)劃分與定價(jià)的重要依據(jù)[1]。根據(jù)胚乳質(zhì)地差異可將普通小麥分為硬質(zhì)麥、軟質(zhì)麥和混合麥三大類。硬質(zhì)、強(qiáng)筋小麥適合制作面包和優(yōu)質(zhì)面條,而軟質(zhì)、弱筋小麥則更適于制作餅干和糕點(diǎn)。先前研究表明,籽粒硬度主要由位于5D染色體短臂Ha(Hardness)位點(diǎn)的主效基因Pina和Pinb所控制[2-4]。小麥籽粒硬度的差異主要由Pina和Pinb基因的不同變異類型造成的,野生型的 Pina-D1a和 Pinb-D1a形成軟質(zhì)胚乳,Pina或Pinb基因的突變均會(huì)導(dǎo)致小麥胚乳變硬[2,5]。目前,已在普通小麥中發(fā)現(xiàn)11種Pina基因等位變異類型及20種Pinb基因等位變異類型[6-9],其中 Pinb-D1b基因型在大多數(shù)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的硬質(zhì)麥中出現(xiàn)的頻率較高[10-11]。后來(lái),Wilkinson等[12]和Chen等[13]又在普通小麥中發(fā)現(xiàn)了Pinb的同源基因 Pinb-2,其位于小麥第7同源染色體組上,兩者同源性高達(dá)72%。截至目前,已發(fā)現(xiàn)了多種 Pinb-2變異類型( Pinb-2v1、 Pinb-2v2、 Pinb-2v3、 Pinb-2v4、 Pinb-2v5和 Pinb-2v6),其中 Pinb-2v2和 Pinb-2v3互為一對(duì)等位基因,它們對(duì)籽粒硬度有一定的影響,但效應(yīng)較Pinb小[14]。研究者利用STS標(biāo)記、CAPS標(biāo)記以及SDS-PAGE電泳等方法對(duì)中國(guó)陜西[15]、新疆[16]、山東[17]等多個(gè)省份小麥品種籽粒硬度的基因型進(jìn)行了檢測(cè),以指導(dǎo)當(dāng)?shù)匦←溒贩N的品質(zhì)改良。近年來(lái),KASP(kompetitive allele specific PCR),即競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性等位基因特異性PCR技術(shù),以其高度穩(wěn)定性、準(zhǔn)確性和低成本的特點(diǎn),已經(jīng)被廣泛應(yīng)用于高通量SNP分型以及InDels檢測(cè)。最近,Rasheed等[18]開(kāi)發(fā)了部分籽粒硬度基因的KASP標(biāo)記,可以檢測(cè) Pina-D1b、 Pinb-D1b和 Pinb-B2b( Pinb-2v2的等位變異)等變異類型,并利用300份中國(guó)小麥材料進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。江蘇淮北地區(qū)常年小麥種植面積達(dá)130萬(wàn)hm2以上,約占全省糧食種植面積的40%[19]。研究江蘇淮北地區(qū)小麥籽粒硬度分布及其基因組成,對(duì)該地區(qū)小麥品種的品質(zhì)改良具有重要意義。而目前,關(guān)于該地區(qū)小麥品種資源籽粒硬度的研究卻鮮有報(bào)道。鑒于此,本研究采用單籽粒谷物硬度測(cè)試儀、KASP標(biāo)記檢測(cè)技術(shù)和基因擴(kuò)增及測(cè)序技術(shù)對(duì)江蘇淮北地區(qū)近年來(lái)所育成小麥品種(系)的SKCS硬度值及硬度基因型進(jìn)行鑒定,以期為該地區(qū)小麥品種的品質(zhì)改良提供參考。

1 材料與方法

1.1 供試材料

供試材料共計(jì)112份,包括江蘇淮北地區(qū)近年來(lái)所育成小麥品種35份、高代品系39份以及來(lái)自黃淮其他地區(qū)的常用親本資源38份。于2014-2015年度種植于淮安市農(nóng)科院試驗(yàn)田,每份材料種植2行,行長(zhǎng)1.5 m,行距25 cm。田間管理按當(dāng)?shù)爻R?guī)方法進(jìn)行。經(jīng)收獲、晾干和整理后,用于籽粒硬度測(cè)定。

1.2 方 法

1.2.1 籽粒硬度的測(cè)定

籽粒硬度測(cè)定在中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院作物科學(xué)研究所品質(zhì)育種實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行。利用單籽粒谷物硬度儀(SKCS 4100)測(cè)定300粒小麥樣品的硬度值,一般測(cè)定值小于40多為軟質(zhì)麥,大于60多為硬質(zhì)麥,介于二者之間多為混合麥(根據(jù)該樣品的硬度分布比例而定)。

1.2.2 基因組DNA的提取

每份供試材料取30粒種子,室溫下發(fā)芽,采用CTAB法[20]提取幼嫩葉片的基因組DNA,紫外分光光度計(jì)檢測(cè)DNA濃度和純度,-20 ℃下保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>

1.2.3 KASP引物及KASP反應(yīng)

用來(lái)鑒定 Pina-D1b、 Pinb-D1b和 Pinb-B2b變異類型的KASP引物由Rasheed等[18]設(shè)計(jì)并合成,引物序列見(jiàn)表1。共有三組混合引物,每一組混合引物都由兩條末端堿基不同的等位基因正向引物(100 μmol·L-1)各12 μL、一條共同的反向引物(100 μmol·L-1)30 μL和46 μL ddH2O組成。PCR體系為5 μL,包括2.0 μL DNA (10 ng·μL-1)、2.5 μL KASP Master Mix (LGC Genomics,Hoddeston,UK)、0.07 μL 混合引物和0.43 μL ddH2O。為避免對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的誤判,設(shè)置空白對(duì)照,其DNA模板用ddH2O代替。PCR反應(yīng)在S1000TMThermal Cycler PCR儀上進(jìn)行,PCR程序?yàn)?5 ℃熱激活15 min;95℃變性20 s,65 ℃退火和延伸25 s,10個(gè)循環(huán),每循環(huán)降低1.0 ℃);95 ℃變性10 s,57 ℃退火和延伸60 s,30個(gè)循環(huán)。反應(yīng)結(jié)束后利用Synergy H1全功能酶標(biāo)儀讀取熒光數(shù)據(jù),通過(guò)SNPViwer2軟件(LGC Genomics,Hoddeston,UK)生成基因分型圖。

表1 籽粒硬度的KASP標(biāo)記引物Table 1 KASP primers used in this study for kernel hardness

下劃線部分為FAM標(biāo)簽序列;波浪線部分為HEX標(biāo)簽序列;除Pina-D1C、Pinb-D1C和Pinb-B2C為反向引物外,其他均為正向引物。

The underlined parts are FAM labeled sequences;The wave line parts are HEX labeled sequences;Pina-D1C,Pinb-D1C and Pinb-B2C are reverse primers,the other sequences are forward primers.

對(duì)于不屬于 Pina-D1b和 Pinb-D1b基因型的硬質(zhì)小麥,利用引物Pinb-D[10]擴(kuò)增Pinb基因全長(zhǎng)序列,其上游序列為5′-GAGCCTCAACC CATCTATTCAT-3′,下游序列為5′-CAAGG GTGATTTTATTCATAG-3′。PCR反應(yīng)采用25 μL體系:10 × PCR Buffer(Mg2+Plus)2.5 μL,dNTP Mix(各2.5 mmol·L-1)2.0 μL,10 μmol·L-1的上、下游引物各1 μL,模板DNA 2 μL,TaqDNA聚合酶(5 U·μL-1)0.125 μL,其余用ddH2O補(bǔ)足。PCR反應(yīng)在德國(guó)eppendorf系列PCR儀上進(jìn)行,擴(kuò)增程序如下:95 ℃預(yù)變性2 min;95 ℃變性45 s,57 ℃退火1 min,72 ℃延伸50 s,33個(gè)循環(huán);72 ℃延伸5 min。將PCR產(chǎn)物送生工生物工程上海(股份)有限公司進(jìn)行測(cè)序。通過(guò)Vector NTI 軟件 (Invitrogen,Carlsbad,CA) 進(jìn)行序列比對(duì)和分析,以確定其基因型。

2 結(jié)果與分析

2.1 供試小麥品種(系)的籽粒硬度及其分布頻率

單籽粒谷物硬度儀的測(cè)定結(jié)果(表2)表明,供試的112份小麥品種(系)中,硬質(zhì)麥有79份,占70.5%;混合麥有5份,占4.5%;軟質(zhì)麥有28份,占25.0%。籽粒硬度值變化范圍較大,為7~85,其中,以鄭麥379硬度值最大,豫教6號(hào)硬度值最小。在35份江蘇淮北地區(qū)育成品種中,硬質(zhì)麥和軟質(zhì)麥的比例分別為60.0%和34.3%;在黃淮其他地區(qū)的38份常用親本中,兩者的比例分別為74.0%和21.0%;在39份江蘇淮北地區(qū)高代品系中,兩者的比例分別為76.9%和20.5%。

單籽粒硬度頻率分布可以反映某品種的均勻度,其數(shù)值的前四位分別代表硬度值≤33、34~46、47~59和≥60籽粒所占的比例,最后一位代表硬度等級(jí)。本研究中供試小麥品種籽粒的均勻度差別較大(表2),如鄭麥379的單籽粒硬度頻率分布為00-01-02-97-01,其硬度等級(jí)為1級(jí),有97%的籽粒硬度值≥60,表明其籽粒均勻度較高;魯原502的籽粒硬度頻率分布為03-11-22-64-01,雖然硬度等級(jí)同為1級(jí),但僅有64%的籽粒硬度值≥60,表明該品種籽粒均勻度較低。

表2 供試小麥品種(系)的籽粒硬度值、硬度分布和基因型Table 2 SKCS hardness distribution and puroindoline genotypes of the tested wheat cultivars

(續(xù)表2 Continued table 2)

材料類型Materialtype品種(系)Cultivar(line)表現(xiàn)型Phenotype硬度值Hardness頻率分布Frequencydistribution基因型Genotype洛麥29Luomai29軟質(zhì)Soft2868-15-09-08-04Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a漯麥4號(hào)Luomai4軟質(zhì)Soft2179-15-06-00-05Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a豫教6號(hào)Yujiao6軟質(zhì)Soft797-02-00-01-05Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a偃展4110Yanzhan4110軟質(zhì)Soft2580-11-05-04-05Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a輪選989Lunxuan989軟質(zhì)Soft3156-24-10-10-04Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a育成品種淮麥33Huaimai33硬質(zhì)Hard7301-04-08-87-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2bBredvariety淮麥20Huaimai20硬質(zhì)Hard7300-00-11-89-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2b瑞華520Ruihua520硬質(zhì)Hard6800-03-22-75-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2b徐麥9158Xumai9158硬質(zhì)Hard5707-16-30-47-02Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a連麥7號(hào)Lianmai7硬質(zhì)Hard7202-02-10-86-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a泗陽(yáng)1108Siyang1108硬質(zhì)Hard6801-07-13-79-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a淮麥21Huaimai21硬質(zhì)Hard7400-00-13-87-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a淮麥16Huaimai16硬質(zhì)Hard7300-02-10-88-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p/Pinb-B2a保豐10-82Baofeng10-82硬質(zhì)Hard5706-13-32-49-02Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2b連麥6號(hào)Lianmai6硬質(zhì)Hard6905-03-15-77-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a連麥2號(hào)Lianmai2硬質(zhì)Hard6901-03-19-77-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a淮麥17Huaimai17硬質(zhì)Hard6405-07-20-68-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a淮麥30Huaimai30硬質(zhì)Hard5901-12-38-49-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a淮麥39Huaimai39硬質(zhì)Hard6103-13-27-57-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a徐麥32Xumai32硬質(zhì)Hard7100-05-13-82-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a淮麥29Huaimai29硬質(zhì)Hard6401-08-28-63-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2b蘇北麥1號(hào)Subeimai1硬質(zhì)Hard6800-03-21-76-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2b連麥8號(hào)Lianmai8硬質(zhì)Hard6800-06-22-72-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2b江麥919Jiangmai919硬質(zhì)Hard5705-20-25-50-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2b明麥16Mingmai16硬質(zhì)Hard6402-10-27-61-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a連麥5號(hào)Lianmai5混合Mixed5516-12-22-50-03Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a徐麥33Xumai33混合Mixed5112-22-38-28-03Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a保麥218Baomai218硬質(zhì)Hard6102-09-30-59-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a保麥2號(hào)Baomai2軟質(zhì)Soft8100-00-00-00-0Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2b淮麥22Huaimai22軟質(zhì)Soft2777-15-03-05-05Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a淮麥23Huaimai23軟質(zhì)Soft3162-28-05-05-05Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a淮麥11Huaimai11軟質(zhì)Soft2961-25-12-02-05Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a淮麥24Huaimai24軟質(zhì)Soft3055-34-06-05-05Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a淮麥27Huaimai27軟質(zhì)Soft3259-25-12-04-05Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a淮麥25Huaimai25軟質(zhì)Soft3546-36-15-03-05Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a淮麥31Huaimai31軟質(zhì)Soft3550-24-16-10-04Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a淮麥32Huaimai32軟質(zhì)Soft3642-42-12-04-05Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a明麥1號(hào)Mingmai1軟質(zhì)Soft2770-24-05-01-05Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a淮麥28Huaimai28軟質(zhì)Soft3159-29-07-05-05Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a淮麥35Huaimai35軟質(zhì)Soft2655-34-06-05-05Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a

(續(xù)表2 Continued table 2)

材料類型Materialtype品種(系)Cultivar(line)表現(xiàn)型Phenotype硬度值Hardness頻率分布Frequencydistribution基因型Genotype高代品系淮核0779Huaihe0779硬質(zhì)Hard8400-01-03-96-01Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2aAdvancedline淮核0838Huaihe0838硬質(zhì)Hard6901-01-14-84-01Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a淮麥302Huaimai302硬質(zhì)Hard6204-05-32-59-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a徐農(nóng)0189Xunong0189硬質(zhì)Hard7202-03-12-83-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a徐麥0054Xumai0054硬質(zhì)Hard6602-04-19-75-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a淮麥4046Huaimai4046混合Mixed5211-20-32-37-03Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2b連麥1219Lianmai1219硬質(zhì)Hard8200-01-05-94-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2b淮核00130Huaihe00130硬質(zhì)Hard7200-02-18-80-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p/Pinb-B2a淮核00134Huaihe00134硬質(zhì)Hard7600-00-07-93-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p/Pinb-B2a淮核12013Huaihe12013硬質(zhì)Hard7600-00-12-88-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a淮麥04538Huaimai04538硬質(zhì)Hard5803-16-38-43-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a淮麥04346Huaimai04346硬質(zhì)Hard6701-04-22-73-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a連麥9825Lianmai9825硬質(zhì)Hard7203-02-07-88-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a連麥0118Lianmai0118硬質(zhì)Hard6901-03-19-77-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a連麥1203Lianmai1203硬質(zhì)Hard7703-00-06-91-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a華瑞0712Huarui0712硬質(zhì)Hard6803-02-22-73-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a瑞華1101Ruihua1101硬質(zhì)Hard7501-02-05-92-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a淮麥304Huaimai304硬質(zhì)Hard5110-29-27-34-02Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a淮麥04376Huaimai04376硬質(zhì)Hard7200-02-16-82-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a淮麥04531Huaimai04531硬質(zhì)Hard6900-07-09-84-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a淮麥02223Huaimai02223硬質(zhì)Hard6105-14-21-60-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a淮麥07636Huaimai07636硬質(zhì)Hard6701-06-18-75-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2a淮麥0218Huaimai0218硬質(zhì)Hard6701-08-16-75-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2b連麥1008Lianmai1008硬質(zhì)Hard7206-07-06-81-02Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2b連麥0366Lianmai0366硬質(zhì)Hard6601-08-16-75-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2b蘇北麥619Subeimai619硬質(zhì)Hard7600-00-07-93-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2b連麥1213Lianmai1213硬質(zhì)Hard6906-04-06-84-02Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2b蘇北麥0707Subeimai0707硬質(zhì)Hard7600-00-07-93-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2b徐農(nóng)0029Xunong0029硬質(zhì)Hard6201-12-26-61-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2b淮麥04008Huaimai04008硬質(zhì)Hard7001-02-12-85-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b/Pinb-B2b淮核12248Huaihe12248硬質(zhì)Hard7100-00-17-83-01Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p/Pinb-B2a淮麥07154Huaimai07154軟質(zhì)Soft3261-27-10-02-05Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2b淮核0516Huaihe0516軟質(zhì)Soft3154-37-05-04-05Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a徐麥1108Xumai1108軟質(zhì)Soft2769-22-05-04-05Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a連麥0608Lianmai0608軟質(zhì)Soft3162-28-05-05-05Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a瑞華055Ruihua055軟質(zhì)Soft3650-33-11-06-04Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a淮麥06124Huaimai06124軟質(zhì)Soft2479-12-05-04-05Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a淮麥02201Huaimai02201軟質(zhì)Soft1786-06-05-03-05Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a淮麥08026Huaimai08026軟質(zhì)Soft2965-20-13-02-05Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a/Pinb-B2a

2.2 供試小麥品種(系)硬度基因型的KASP檢測(cè)

KASP檢測(cè)結(jié)果如圖1所示,圖中每個(gè)圓點(diǎn)都對(duì)應(yīng)著一個(gè)供試品種(系),每組混合引物均會(huì)將112份供試品種(系)被分成兩組,每組帶有不同的顏色,藍(lán)色代表該基因具有FAM標(biāo)簽序列,紅色代表該基因具有HEX標(biāo)簽序列。圖1A所示為利用引物組合Pina-D1_INS對(duì)供試材料進(jìn)行KASP反應(yīng)來(lái)鑒定 Pina-D1b基因型的結(jié)果,由該圖可知,112份供試材料中,109份屬于 Pina-D1a基因型,3份屬于 Pina-D1b基因型,其中3份 Pina-D1b基因型材料均為硬質(zhì)麥類型。圖1B所示為利用引物組合Pinb-D1_INS對(duì)供試材料進(jìn)行KASP反應(yīng)來(lái)鑒定 Pinb-D1b基因型的結(jié)果,由該圖可知,112份供試材料中,36份屬于 Pinb-D1a基因型,76份屬于 Pinb-D1b基因型,其中,76份 Pinb-D1b基因型材料包含71份硬質(zhì)麥和5份混合麥。圖1C所示為利用引物組合pinb2_IND對(duì)供試材料進(jìn)行KASP反應(yīng)來(lái)鑒定 Pinb-B2b基因型的結(jié)果,由該圖可知,112份供試材料中,25份屬于 Pinb-B2b基因型,87份屬于 Pinb-B2a基因型,其中,25份屬于 Pinb-B2b基因型的材料包含21份硬質(zhì)麥、2份軟質(zhì)麥和2份混合麥。另外有5份硬質(zhì)麥品種(系)不屬于 Pina-D1b和 Pinb-D1b基因型中的任何一種,利用引物對(duì)Pinb-D擴(kuò)增其Pinb基因全長(zhǎng)序列,并對(duì)擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行測(cè)序,序列比對(duì)結(jié)果表明5份品種(系)均屬于 Pinb-D1p基因型。

供試品種(系)被分成兩組,分別位于X軸和Y軸,標(biāo)為紅色的品種(系)帶有HEX型等位基因,標(biāo)為藍(lán)色的品種帶有FAM型等位基因,黑色圓點(diǎn)為空白對(duì)照。

Scatter plots showing clustering of varieties(lines)on the X-axe and Y-axe; Varieties(lines)colored red have the HEX-type allele; Varieties colored blue have the FAM-type allele; Black dots represent the NTC (non-template control).

圖1 供試小麥品種(系)硬度基因的KASP標(biāo)記檢測(cè)結(jié)果(硬度基因型散點(diǎn)圖)

Fig.1 Detection for hardness genes of the tested wheat cultivars by KASP markers (scatter plots for hardness genotype)

2.3 不同硬度基因型品種(系)的硬度值及其分布

所調(diào)查的112份小麥品種(系)中,在 Puroindoline-D1位點(diǎn)存在四種基因型,在江蘇淮北地區(qū)和黃淮其他麥區(qū)均有分布,其中 Pinb-D1b基因型占據(jù)主要地位,為67.9%;野生基因型( Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a)主要分布在江蘇淮北地區(qū),占25.0%;有5份材料為 Pinb-D1p基因型,其中4份分布在江蘇淮北地區(qū);有3份材料為 Pina-D1b基因型,其中2份分布在江蘇淮北地區(qū)。

對(duì)不同硬質(zhì)類型的小麥品種(系)的硬度值進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果(表3)表明, Pina-D1b類型的硬度值為78.0,顯著高于 Pinb-D1b(65.9)和 Pinb-D1p(71.7)類型, Pinb-D1b和 Pinb-D1p類型之間硬度值差異不顯著,而上述三種硬質(zhì)類型硬度值均顯著高于野生型 Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a(27.4)。對(duì) Pinb-D1b類型中的不同 Pinb-2基因型品種(系)也進(jìn)行了分析,其中22份同時(shí)含有 Pinb-D1b和 Pinb-B2b基因型品種(系)的平均硬度值為67.5,高于另外54份同時(shí)含有 Pinb-D1b和 Pinb-B2a基因型品種(系)的硬度平均值(65.2),但兩者差異尚未達(dá)到顯著水平。同樣,野生型中不同 Pinb-2基因型品種(系)硬度平均值間差異也不顯著??梢?jiàn), Pinb-2位點(diǎn)對(duì)籽粒硬度的效應(yīng)較小。

3 討 論

自籽粒硬度的特異性標(biāo)記開(kāi)發(fā)以來(lái),分子標(biāo)記和序列測(cè)定是檢測(cè)小麥籽粒硬度基因型的常用方法。Semagn等[21]研究認(rèn)為,與傳統(tǒng)SNP檢測(cè)平臺(tái)GoldenGate相比,KASP檢測(cè)方法更精確、費(fèi)用更低且效率更高。Rasheed等[18]所開(kāi)發(fā)的籽粒硬度基因相關(guān)的KASP標(biāo)記,在一定程度上豐富了小麥籽粒硬度基因的檢測(cè)手段,可大大加快較大樣本的檢測(cè)速度。本研究利用KASP標(biāo)記結(jié)合序列測(cè)定準(zhǔn)確、快速地鑒定出江蘇淮北地區(qū)小麥品種(系)及常用親本的籽粒硬度基因型,為該地區(qū)小麥品質(zhì)育種過(guò)程中的親本選配及高代品系改良提供了參考。

表3 Puroindoline-D1位點(diǎn)4 種基因型的表現(xiàn)型和 SKCS 硬度值Table 3 Comparison of phenotype and SKCS hardness index among four differentpuroindoline alleles at Puroindoline-D1 locus

同列數(shù)字后不同字母表示差異在5%水平上顯著。

Different letters following the data within the same column indicate significant difference at 5% probability level.

張福彥等[22]對(duì)145份河南小麥新品種(系)的硬度值進(jìn)行了檢測(cè),其中硬質(zhì)麥、混合麥和軟質(zhì)麥比例分別為64.1%、18.9%和20.0%;張 晶等[15]測(cè)定了169份陜西小麥品種(系)的籽粒硬度,硬質(zhì)麥、混合麥和軟質(zhì)麥分別占71.6%、6.5%和21.9%;王 亮等[16]對(duì)121份新疆小麥品種的硬度檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明,三種硬度類型的分布比例分別為61.2%、14.0%和24.8%。同上述地區(qū)相比,江蘇淮北地區(qū)近年來(lái)所育品種中硬質(zhì)麥和混合麥的比例偏低,分別為60.0%和5.7%,而軟質(zhì)麥的比例明顯偏高,為34.3%。這種情況可能是由長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)該地區(qū)降雨偏多,空氣濕度較大以及對(duì)小麥面粉加工品質(zhì)要求不高等原因造成的。進(jìn)一步分析江蘇淮北地區(qū)所育的小麥高代品系,硬質(zhì)麥的比例有了較大提高,為76.9%,而軟質(zhì)麥的比例降到了20.5%。這可能與該地區(qū)近年來(lái)小麥育種過(guò)程中注重了對(duì)小麥品質(zhì)的改良,較多地選配硬質(zhì)麥為親本以及加強(qiáng)了對(duì)后代品系籽粒硬度的選擇等原因有關(guān)。

本研究對(duì)來(lái)自黃淮麥區(qū)常用親本硬度基因的檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明, Pinb-D1b類型是黃淮麥區(qū)硬質(zhì)麥的主要基因型,這與Xia等[6]和Chen等[9]的研究結(jié)果一致。對(duì)江蘇淮北地區(qū)小麥品種資源硬度基因的檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明, Pinb-D1b基因型占硬質(zhì)麥的90.7%,稍高于陜西品種(80.2%)[15]和河南品種(87.1%)[22]。究其原因,江蘇淮北地區(qū)硬質(zhì)麥的遺傳多樣性較低,硬質(zhì)麥基因類型不夠豐富是導(dǎo)致 Pinb-D1b基因型比例較高的主要因素。該地區(qū)硬質(zhì)麥中除 Pinb-D1b基因型外,另外有4份品種(系)為 Pinb-D1p基因型,有1份品種(系)為 Pina-D1b基因型,尚未發(fā)現(xiàn) Pinb-D1d和 Pinb-D1e等其他硬度類型的品種(系),而有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[23],擁有 Pinb-D1b、 Pinb-D1d和 Pinb-D1e類型的小麥在磨粉、饅頭、面條和面包加工品質(zhì)中一項(xiàng)或多項(xiàng)略優(yōu)于其他類型,因此,在以后的小麥品質(zhì)育種過(guò)程中,江蘇淮北地區(qū)除需進(jìn)一步利用 Pinb-D1b類型外,還應(yīng)適當(dāng)引進(jìn)并利用 Pinb-D1d和 Pinb-D1e等相對(duì)優(yōu)異基因類型的小麥資源。

對(duì)不同基因型的硬度值的方差分析表明, Pina-D1b基因型的硬度值最高,其與 Pinb-D1b和 Pinb-D1p兩類型的硬度值均達(dá)到顯著差異,而 Pinb-D1b和 Pinb-D1p兩類型硬度值之間差異不顯著。這與陳 鋒等[24]和張福彥等[22]的研究結(jié)果一致。另外,本研究還對(duì) Pinb-2位點(diǎn)的 Pinb-B2b基因型進(jìn)行了初步分析,共檢測(cè)到25份品種(系)帶有 Pinb-B2b基因型,其中包括2份軟質(zhì)麥,平均硬度值為63.8,其顯著低于 Pina-D1b、 Pinb-D1b和 Pinb-D1p基因型的硬度值。可見(jiàn) Pinb-2位點(diǎn)對(duì)小麥籽粒的硬度效應(yīng)較小,這與Chen等[14]的研究結(jié)果相一致。本研究對(duì) Pinb-2位點(diǎn)的其他基因型尚未做檢測(cè),因此,該位點(diǎn)基因型在江蘇淮北地區(qū)小麥品種資源中的分布還需進(jìn)一步研究。

致 謝:中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院作物科學(xué)研究所何中虎研究員和夏先春研究員為本試驗(yàn)提供了檢測(cè)平臺(tái),Awais Rasheed博士和徐開(kāi)杰博士為本試驗(yàn)提供了技術(shù)指導(dǎo)和KASP引物,在此一并表示感謝!

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Detection of Allelic Variation for Grain Hardness in Huaibei Region of Jiangsu Province by KASP Markers

YANG Zibo,GU Zhengzhong,ZHOU Yangmei,WANG Anbang,GAO Pingzhong,XIONG Zhenghai,LIU Chang,JIANG Xuexiang,SHEN Yesong

(Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai Region of Jiangsu Province/Huai'an Key Laboratory for Agricultural Biotechnology,Huai'an,Jiangsu 223001,China)

To clarify the situation of wheat kernel hardness and the distribution of puroindoline genes in wheat cultivars from Huaibei region of Jiangsu province,a total of 112 wheat cultivars (74 wheat cultivars from Huaibei region of Jiangsu province and 38 breeding parents from Yellow-Huai valley wheat region) were used to test the kernel hardness by a Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS). The puroindoline genotype detection was performed in tested cultivars with KASP (Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR) markers and gene sequencing. The results indicated that the range of kernel hardness was much wider in tested cultivars,and hard wheat was a dominate type with the frequency of 70.5%. Compared with breeding parental cultivars,the percentage of soft wheat in bred cultivars from Huaibei region of Jiangsu province was higher (34.3%),which was decreased to 20.5% in advanced lines. Four puroindoline genotypes were detected in tested cultivars,including Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a,Pina-D1b,Pinb-D1b and Pinb-D1p with the frequency of 25.0%,2.7%,67.9% and 4.5%,respectively.Among them,Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a and Pinb-D1p mainly distributed in Huaibei region of Jiangsu province.The kernel hardness showed difference among different puroindoline genotypes,among which,the kernel hardness index of Pina-D1b was significantly higher than that of other genotypes. Varieties with Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a showed the lowest kernel hardness index,but there were not significant difference between Pinb-D1b and Pinb-D1p. In addition,at the Pinb-2 locus,25 cultivars including 21 hard wheats,two soft wheats and two mixed wheats with Pinb-B2b allele were detected,with the average hardness index of 63.8.

TriticumaestivumL.; Kernel hardness; Puroindoline gene; KASP

時(shí)間:2017-01-16

2016-10-06

2016-11-22

江蘇省科技支撐項(xiàng)目(BE2015352-6,BE2013439);淮安市應(yīng)用研究與科技攻關(guān)(農(nóng)業(yè))計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(HAN2014001)

E-mail:yangzibo1986@126.com

顧正中(E-mail:hynksgzz@163.com)

S512.1;S330

A

1009-1041(2017)02-0153-09

網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/61.1359.S.20170116.1833.004.html

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