曹榮元++++++趙思源++++++顧遵才++++++張淑花++++++王正忠++++++孫黎明
[摘要] 目的 探討N末端腦鈉肽(NT-proBNP)聯(lián)合全球冠狀動脈事件注冊(GRACE)評分與非ST段抬高型急性冠脈綜合征(NSTE-ACS)患者遠期預(yù)后的相關(guān)性。 方法 選取2013年1月~2015年1月在江蘇省連云港市第二人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科診斷為NSTE-ACS的患者77例。患者入院24 h內(nèi)測定NT-proBNP水平,計算GRACE評分。出院后對患者進行12個月的隨訪,將隨訪期間發(fā)生不良心血管事件的患者作為事件組(n=9),未發(fā)生心血管事件的患者作為非事件組(n=68)。觀察NT-proBNP水平及GRACE評分對不良心血管事件的影響。 結(jié)果 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)事件組患者NT-proBNP水平明顯高于非事件組患者,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.01);事件組患者的GRACE風(fēng)險評分明顯高于非事件組患者(P < 0.05)。Logistic回歸分析表明:NT-proBNP水平和GRACE評分是NSTE-ACS患者遠期不良心血管事件發(fā)生的獨立預(yù)測因素(P < 0.05)。在預(yù)測NSTE-ACS患者12個月不良心血管事件發(fā)生的受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線中,NT-proBNP水平的曲線下面積為0.824(95%CI:0.774~0.848,P < 0.01),GRACE評分的曲線下面積為0.793(95%CI:0.743~0.829,P < 0.01),兩項聯(lián)合的曲線下面積為0.833(95%CI:0.788~0.879,P < 0.01)。 結(jié)論 NT-proBNP和GRACE評分是預(yù)測NSTE-ACS患者遠期預(yù)后的可靠指標;NT-proBNP聯(lián)合GRACE評分能提高評估NSTE-ACS患者遠期預(yù)后的能力。
[關(guān)鍵詞] N末端腦鈉肽;GRACE評分;非ST段抬高型急性冠脈綜合征
[中圖分類號] R541.4 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2016)11(b)-0065-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the correlation of the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and global registered acute events (GRACE) risk score in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) for long-term prognosis. Methods From January 2013 to January 2015, in the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, 77 cases of patients with NSTE-ACS were selected. The level of NT-proBNP was measured and GRACE score was calculated in 24 h admitted to hospital. After discharge, patients were followed up for 12 months. According to the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events during the follow-up period, all patients were divided into two groups: event group (n=9) and non event group (n=68). The effects of NT-proBNP level and GRACE score on adverse cardiovascular events were observed. Results The study found that the level of NT-proBNP in patients of the event group was significantly higher than that of patients in the non event group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The GRACE risk score of the event group was significantly higher than that of the non event group (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that NT-proBNP level and GRACE score were independent predictors of long-term adverse cardiovascular events in patients with NSTE-ACS (P < 0.05). The prediction of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) showed that the area under the curve of NT-proBNP was 0.824 (95%CI: 0.774-0.848, P < 0.01), the area under the curve of GRACE score was 0.793 (95%CI: 0.743-0.829, P < 0.01), the two joint area under the curve was 0.833 (95%CI: 0.788-0.879, P < 0.01). Conclusion NT-proBNP level and GRACE score are reliable indicators for predicting long-term prognosis of patients with NSTE-ACS. The combination of GRACE score and NT-proBNP can improve the prediction of the long-term prognosis.
[Key words] N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; GRACE score; Non ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome
非ST段抬高型急性冠脈綜合征(NSTE-ACS)是常見的臨床急重癥,有時臨床癥狀不典型,心電圖變化不特異,容易延誤治療。如何早期識別高?;颊叱蔀榕R床研究熱點。全球冠狀動腦事件注冊(GRACE)評分被認為是最有效的預(yù)測NSTE-ACS患者病情危險程度及預(yù)后的評分體系[1],目前廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床,但單一指標評估有時不夠全面。有研究表明,N末端腦鈉肽(NT-proBNP)水平與冠心病嚴重程度相關(guān)[2],可作為判斷心肌梗死、心力衰竭預(yù)后指標,是指導(dǎo)冠心病臨床危險分層的指標,同時對急性冠脈綜合征(ACS)患者的預(yù)后有一定的預(yù)測作用[3],但主要是針對ACS預(yù)后的相關(guān)性研究,關(guān)于NSTE-ACS患者預(yù)后的臨床研究較少。本文通過檢測NT-proBNP水平和GRACE評分,隨訪NSTE-ACS患者預(yù)后情況,探討NT-proBNP水平和GRACE評分在NSTE-ACS患者危險分層中的臨床意義及二者判斷NSTE-ACS患者遠期預(yù)后的意義。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2013年1月~2015年1月在江蘇省連云港市第二人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科診斷為NSTE-ACS的患者77例,其中男56例,女21例。入選標準符合2012年NSTE-ACS診斷和治療指南[4]:①典型的缺血性胸痛的臨床表現(xiàn):靜息型心絞痛、惡化型心絞痛、初發(fā)型心絞痛等;②典型的缺血性心電圖改變:新發(fā)生或一過性ST段下移≥0.1 mV或T波倒置≥0.2 mV;③心肌壞死標志物,包括心肌肌鈣蛋白T或I(cTnT/cTnI)或肌酸激酶同功酶(CK-MB)水平升高,則診斷為ST段抬高型心肌梗死。排除標準:合并嚴重肝功能障礙、感染性疾病、肺栓塞、敗血癥、嚴重凝血機制異常、自身免疫性疾病、惡性腫瘤、碘過敏試驗陽性。
1.2 方法
收集入院時患者的基本情況、體格檢查和實驗室檢查結(jié)果,包括:年齡、心率、收縮壓、Killip分級、心臟驟停病史、心電圖ST段下移、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)等,檢驗?zāi)I功能肌酐、cTnI、NT-proBNP、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、血糖等化驗室指標,計算GRACE評分[5]。出院后對患者進行電話隨訪或門診隨訪,記錄患者1~12個月發(fā)生主要心血管事件(MACE)情況,包括全因死亡、心源性死亡、心絞痛、再發(fā)心肌梗死、心力衰竭。根據(jù)隨訪期間不良心血管事件發(fā)生與否分為事件組(n=9)和非事件組(n=68)。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
應(yīng)用SPSS 22.0軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計量資料正態(tài)性檢驗使用Kolmogorov- Smirno法。正態(tài)分布計量資料使用均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗。采用逐步Logistic回歸分析模型分析NSTE-ACS患者遠期MACE發(fā)生的影響因素。采用ROC曲線分析各影響因素對NSTE-ACS患者遠期MACE發(fā)生的預(yù)測價值。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組一般資料比較
隨訪1~12個月,77例患者中共發(fā)生MACE 9例。9例中心源性死亡2例,再發(fā)心肌梗死2例,心絞痛3例,心力衰竭2例,總發(fā)生率為11.7%。兩組患者年齡、心率、收縮壓、血肌酐、cTnI、空腹血糖、體重指數(shù)、LDL-C等方面比較,事件組cTnI水平高于非事件組,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.01),其余指標兩組差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見表1。
2.2 兩組NT-proBNP水平和GRACE評分比較
事件組患者血漿NT-proBNP水平明顯高于非事件組患者,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。事件組患者GRACE評分明顯高于非事件組患者,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表2。
2.3 NSTE-ACS患者遠期MACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險的Logistic回歸分析
Logistic回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn),NT-proBNP水平與GRACE評分均為NSTE-ACS患者遠期MACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險的獨立預(yù)測因素(P < 0.05)。見表3。
2.4 血漿NT-proBNP水平、GRACE評分及兩項聯(lián)合預(yù)測NSTE-ACS患者遠期MACE發(fā)生的ROC曲線
NT-proBNP水平預(yù)測NSTE-ACS患者遠期MACE發(fā)生的曲線下面積為0.824(95% CI:0.774~0.848,P < 0.01),GRACE評分的曲線下面積為0.793(95%CI:0.743~0.829,P < 0.01),兩項聯(lián)合的曲線下面積為0.833(95%CI:0.788~0.879,P < 0.01)。見圖1。
3 討論
NSTE-ACS是冠心病監(jiān)護病房最常見疾病之一,疾病發(fā)展過程中急驟多變是對臨床治療的極大挑戰(zhàn)。對NSTE-ACS患者依照其預(yù)后風(fēng)險進行危險分層,有助于正確識別高?;颊?,指導(dǎo)分診治療,并以此為依據(jù),制訂更為合理的治療策略以改善患者的臨床預(yù)后。常用的危險評分模型如GRACE評分、TIMI評分等在許多大型臨床試驗、注冊研究中得到廣泛應(yīng)用,價值受到肯定[6]。其中Granger等[7]創(chuàng)立并使用GRACE評分系統(tǒng)評估出院ACS患者的病死風(fēng)險,它對于ACS患者的近期及遠期不良結(jié)局預(yù)測準確度較高[8],優(yōu)于TIMI評分[9-11]而被廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床。目前國內(nèi)外研究選擇的目標研究對象多為ACS[12]患者或急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者[13]。Aragam等[14]在分析中發(fā)現(xiàn)GRACE評分對NSTE-ACS患者住院期間及近期預(yù)后有較高預(yù)測價值,而GRACE評分應(yīng)用于NSTE-ACS患者遠期預(yù)后的研究鮮有報道,故本研究關(guān)注GRACE評分對NSTE-ACS患者遠期預(yù)后的影響。
以往臨床上僅用GRACE評分對ACS患者預(yù)后做出評估,但是GRACE評分也存在一定的缺陷,如數(shù)據(jù)繁多,整理麻煩。另外反映機體神經(jīng)體液因素變化的指標未納入,對心血管不良事件預(yù)測的準確性有一定影響[15]。近年來國內(nèi)外提倡應(yīng)用兩個甚至多個指標期盼提高對NSTE-ACS遠期預(yù)后的預(yù)測評估。其中NT-proBNP為研究熱點之一,其作為心力衰竭的重要標志物,對預(yù)測ACS患者不良預(yù)后有重要臨床意義[16-17]。多個研究證實,ACS中NT-proBNP水平明顯升高的患者提示其左心功能重度下降,屬于死亡的高危人群[18-19]。目前認為,NT-proBNP比其他的危險因子更有價值,NT-proBNP水平越高,其ACS遠期預(yù)后越差。此前的研究主要集中于ACS特別是ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)的預(yù)后研究上,而對于NSTE-ACS這一疾病譜涉足較少,特別是將NT-proBNP水平與GRACE評分結(jié)合應(yīng)用于NSTE-ACS患者危險分層的研究鮮有報道。因此,本研究對兩者的遠期心血管事件風(fēng)險預(yù)測效力進行對比和分析,探討二者結(jié)合能否提高預(yù)測效力。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,發(fā)生MACE的患者血漿NT-proBNP水平顯著高于未發(fā)生MACE的患者水平,回歸分析顯示血漿NT-proBNP水平是NSTE-ACS患者MACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險的獨立預(yù)測因子。提示血漿NT-proBNP水平是影響NSTE-ACS患者預(yù)后的獨立危險因素,可作為NSTE-ACS遠期預(yù)后評估的重要標志物。通過回歸分析GRACE評分證實,GRACE評分亦為NSTE-ACS患者遠期MACE預(yù)后的獨立預(yù)測因素。
本研究使用GRACE評分聯(lián)合血漿NT-proBNP預(yù)測NSTE-ACS患者預(yù)后的結(jié)果顯示:血漿NT-proBNP水平和GRACE評分聯(lián)合對NSTE-ACS患者遠期MACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險的預(yù)測效力高于二者單獨預(yù)測效力。這與Sohail等[20]研究相似,但是其預(yù)測效力提高不如報道明顯,考慮與其他研究入選STEMI患者為研究對象有關(guān)。此外本研究入選的患者例數(shù)較少,可能會影響客觀性。
綜上所述,NT-proBNP水平是影響NSTE-ACS患者預(yù)后的獨立危險因素之一;NT-proBNP水平和GRACE評分是預(yù)測NSTE-ACS患者遠期預(yù)后的可靠指標;NT-proBNP水平聯(lián)合GRACE評分能提高預(yù)測NSTE-ACS患者遠期預(yù)后的能力。如果應(yīng)用GRACE評分聯(lián)合NT-proBNP水平則可能更加科學(xué)有效地對NSTE-ACS患者進行臨床危險分層,以此進行更有針對性的治療。選擇高危人群強化治療方案,將會極大地減少不良心血管事件發(fā)生,改善患者預(yù)后。
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