徐瑞亮
[摘要] 目的 探討經(jīng)傷椎椎弓根螺釘復(fù)位內(nèi)固定治療胸腰椎骨折的臨床療效。 方法 整群選取并回顧性分析2009年3月—2016年3月該院收治的49例單節(jié)段胸腰椎骨折手術(shù)患者的臨床資料,按照治療方式分成兩組,觀察組23例行經(jīng)傷椎椎弓根螺釘復(fù)位內(nèi)固定,而采取傳統(tǒng)跨傷椎短節(jié)段固定患者26例作為對(duì)照組。觀察兩組患者手術(shù)前后前后傷椎高度的恢復(fù)情況,隨訪(fǎng)觀察Cobb角丟失情況。 結(jié)果 手術(shù)前后觀察組和對(duì)照組前柱高度變化分別為(40.21±4.83)%和(19.82±3.65)%,Cobb角變化分別為(9.79±3.27)°和(5.02±2.12)°,觀察組明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。術(shù)后3個(gè)月時(shí)觀察組和對(duì)照組Cobb角丟失分別為(1.62±0.42)°和(5.59±1.23)°,6個(gè)月時(shí)分別為(2.38±0.42)°和(7.65±1.83)°,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。術(shù)后1年時(shí)觀察組Cobb角無(wú)繼續(xù)丟失,對(duì)照組丟失(8.46±2.08)°。 結(jié)論 應(yīng)用傷椎椎弓根螺釘技術(shù)治療單節(jié)段胸腰椎骨折臨床效果更好,固定穩(wěn)定性好,能夠保證患者早日下地活動(dòng),值得臨床推廣。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 胸腰椎骨折;傷椎固定;療效
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R68 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1674-0742(2016)11(a)-0005-03
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical effect of the injured vertebral pedicle screw reduction and internal fixation in treatment of single segment thoracolumbar fractures. Methods Group selection and retrospectively analysis the clinical data of 49 cases of patients with single segmental thoracolumbar fractures from March 2009 to March 2016, including 23 patients who received through injured vertebral pedicle screw reduction and internal fixation as the observation group, 26 patients who received the short segment fixation traditional across the injured vertebra as the control group. Observed the forward the vertebral height recovery degree of the injured vertebra of the two groups before and after surgery. Follow-up and observed the lost situation of the Cobb Angle. Results The anterior column height change respectively was (40.21±4.83) % and (19.82±3.65) %, Cobb Angle respectively was (9.79±3.27) ° and (5.02±2.12) °, the observation group was better than the control group, had statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).The Cobb Angle lost of the observation group and control group 3 months after surgery respectively was (1.62±0.42)°and (5.59±1.23)°, 6 months after surgery respectively was(2.38±0.42)°and (7.65±1.83)°, the observation group was less than the control group, had statistically significant difference(P < 0.05). The Cobb Angle of the observation group 1 years after surgery no continue to lose, the control group lost(8.46±2.08)°. Conclusion Application of pedicle screw technique in the treatment of single segment thoracolumbar fractures has better clinical results, can ensure the patient's early activities, it is worth clinical promotion.
[Key words] Thoracolumbar fractures; Injured vertebral fixation;The curative effect
胸腰椎骨折是指由于外力造成胸腰椎骨質(zhì)連續(xù)性的破壞,是最常見(jiàn)的脊柱損傷。臨床治療單節(jié)段胸腰椎骨折的手術(shù)多由后路經(jīng)傷椎上下椎體椎弓根釘棒系統(tǒng)給予撐開(kāi)復(fù)位內(nèi)固定[1-3]。有學(xué)者嘗試行經(jīng)傷椎椎弓根螺釘復(fù)位內(nèi)固定治療單節(jié)段胸腰椎骨折,但其必要性及適應(yīng)癥等問(wèn)題尚存在一定爭(zhēng)議[4]。因此,回顧性分析2009年3月—2016年3月該院收治的49例單節(jié)段胸腰椎骨折手術(shù)患者的臨床資料,報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
整群選取該院收治的49例單節(jié)段胸腰椎骨折手術(shù)患者。其中觀察組23例,男15例,女6例,年齡23~52歲,平均年齡(42.13±3.82)歲。對(duì)照組26例,男18例,女8例,年齡22~57歲,平均(43.75±3.12)歲。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①單節(jié)段椎體骨折,AO分型為A型;②傷椎一側(cè)或雙側(cè)椎弓根完整,椎體下半部分和終板無(wú)爆裂;③手術(shù)至手術(shù)時(shí)間<3周。兩組患者的資料比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法
兩組患者均采取全身麻醉,取仰臥位,采用C型臂透視,取后正中入路逐層切開(kāi),顯露傷椎及其上下節(jié)段。自傷椎上下節(jié)段按照常規(guī)進(jìn)針點(diǎn)置入椎弓根螺釘。觀察組患者加傷椎椎弓根螺釘,選擇非萬(wàn)向螺釘,進(jìn)針點(diǎn)避開(kāi)骨折的上終板偏向尾側(cè),置入螺釘確認(rèn)位置無(wú)誤后,預(yù)彎連接棒。在安裝連接棒時(shí)先安裝傷椎及其下節(jié)段椎弓根螺釘,預(yù)緊尾帽不鎖死,下壓傷椎椎弓根螺釘釘尾,同時(shí)提拉頭側(cè)上節(jié)段椎弓根螺釘至連接棒到達(dá)安裝位置時(shí)安裝尾帽;對(duì)照組在安裝連接棒時(shí)先安裝傷椎下節(jié)段椎弓根螺釘并鎖死尾帽,然后下壓連接棒并提拉上節(jié)段椎弓根螺釘,在到達(dá)安裝位置時(shí)安裝上節(jié)段椎弓根螺釘?shù)奈裁辈㈩A(yù)緊,以下節(jié)段椎弓根螺釘釘尾為支點(diǎn)撐開(kāi)上節(jié)段椎弓根螺釘,矯正椎體高度,最后鎖死上節(jié)段椎弓根螺釘尾帽[5-6]。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
采用SPSS 14.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組手術(shù)前后各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)變化
手術(shù)前后觀察組和對(duì)照組前柱高度變化分別為(40.21±4.83)%和(19.82±3.65)%,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),說(shuō)明觀察組傷椎前緣高度恢復(fù)優(yōu)于對(duì)照組;Cobb角變化分別為(9.79±3.27)°和(5.02±2.12)°,觀察組術(shù)后Cobb角恢復(fù)角度明顯大于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),說(shuō)明觀察組方法在矯正后凸畸形方面優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 兩組隨訪(fǎng)結(jié)果
術(shù)后3個(gè)月時(shí)觀察組和對(duì)照組Cobb角丟失分別為(1.62±0.42)°和(5.59±1.23)°,6個(gè)月時(shí)分別為(2.38±0.42)°和(7.65±1.83)°,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。術(shù)后1年時(shí)觀察組Cobb角無(wú)繼續(xù)丟失,對(duì)照組丟失(8.46±2.08)°。
3 討論
單節(jié)段胸腰椎骨折多采用傳統(tǒng)跨傷椎短節(jié)段治療,其臨床效果值得肯定[7-8]。但是有報(bào)道雙平面復(fù)位內(nèi)固定存在一定的缺陷[9-11],部分患者需二次手術(shù)治療[12]。為了克服缺陷,有學(xué)者開(kāi)始在傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)方式的基礎(chǔ)上加用經(jīng)傷椎椎弓根螺釘復(fù)位固定(三平面復(fù)位固定)[13],已取得顯著療效[14],且經(jīng)傷椎椎弓根螺釘技術(shù)治療胸腰椎骨折術(shù)后隨訪(fǎng)螺釘松動(dòng)情況及Cobb角丟失情況均明顯優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)固定技術(shù)[15]。
在該實(shí)驗(yàn)中,手術(shù)前后觀察組和對(duì)照組前柱高度變化分別為(40.21±4.83)%和(19.82±3.65)%,Cobb角變化分別為(9.79±3.27)°和(5.02±2.12)°,觀察組明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。術(shù)后3個(gè)月時(shí)觀察組和對(duì)照組Cobb角丟失分別為(1.62±0.42)°和(5.59±1.23)°,6個(gè)月時(shí)分別為(2.38±0.42)°和(7.65±1.83)°,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。術(shù)后1年時(shí)觀察組Cobb角無(wú)繼續(xù)丟失,對(duì)照組丟失(8.46±2.08)°。這與凌仕勇等[16]的研究,1年隨訪(fǎng)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),觀察組患者的椎體前緣高度比(92.69±4.53)%和椎體后緣高度比(96.28±2.51)%顯著高于對(duì)照組的(87.27±3.97)%和(94.25±2.76)%,觀察組的Cobbs 角(5.82±2.98)°顯著低于對(duì)照組的(10.89±3.88)°,具有一定的相似性。
綜上所述,應(yīng)用傷椎椎弓根螺釘技術(shù)治療單節(jié)段胸腰椎骨折臨床效果更好,固定穩(wěn)定性好,能夠保證患者早日下地活動(dòng),值得臨床推廣。
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(收稿日期:2016-08-07)