河南 張英杰

單句語法填空專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

河南 張英杰

1. To show this，she held up one chopstick，________（represent） one person.

2. If he didn’t，his body temperature would get very low，________could quickly kill him.

3. Not a single day_______（waste），though I can never tell when knowing the population of Nepal might prove useful.

4. In_______effort to clean up quickly，Mrs Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan，covered them with a cloth，and stuck them in the oven.

5. When the dog named Judy spotted the f rst sheep in her life，she did_______comes naturally.

6. One day，________（arm）with a basket of vegetables，he announced he was going to make stew（燉菜）．

7. I sat down on the f oor and pulled a few books of f the shelf________random.

8. I didn’t expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs Smith，so it was quite_______surprise when it came back to me the next day—with an “A” on it.

9. Disappointed by many a broken，vine-ripened（蔓上成熟的） promise，I_______（refuse）to buy winter tomatoes for years.

10. Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw students’ attention to_______（speak） more f uently.

11. Well before the________（arrive） of freezers，there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering.

12. Yet_______（know）we can have more can also create a problem，because when we go to change the way we do things，up come the old patterns and pitfalls（陷阱） that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the f rst place.

13. In the evening，rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace，_______golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink.

14. When his phone rang again________（late），he left his seat to answer it.

15.________average，each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck.

16. In________late 1980s，the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred.

17. Yet，it is in this whole process of solving problems________life has its meaning.

18._______some psychologists put it，“It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”

19. As a retired ear doctor，I heartily recommend TV Ears to people with normal hearing as well as those with hearing________（lose）.

20. The same cognitive（認(rèn)知的） systems________make young children feel good about f guring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.

21.________（apply） my own rule，I determined to write them in alphabetical order，never letting myself leave out a tough idea.

22. When________（plan） Encyclopaedia Britannica（《大英百科全書》），I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles.

23. The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’don’t is________Tomasello calls shared intentionality.

24. They actively seek to be part of a “we”，________group that intends to work towards a shared goal.

25. Lead poisoning has proved more dif ficult________（deal） with.

26. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo，_______they are treated with calcium EDT A，a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days.

27. This affects their nervous systems and ability_______（produce） baby birds，and can lead to kidney failure and death.

28. Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average________（survive） time in the wild is now just under eight years.

29. If you want to have a real orchard experience ，________（try） visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale，near Faversham in Kent.

30._______（obvious），reading aloud involves looking at a text，understanding it and also saying it.

31. The next time you feel the ur ge_______（spread）the latest news，think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.

32. Gossip also can have_______third effect: it strengthens unwritten，unspoken rules about how people should act.

33. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is，the________（juicy） the gossip it makes.

34. Nest is________must for anyone looking to save on heating and air conditioning costs and I like the idea of setting it and forgetting it.

35. They are faced with lots of diff culties when_______comes to education for their young ones.

36. The professor paused for some time，as though_______（loss） in thought.

37. Lucy spent that evening with her bride at the camp and was_______particularly high spirits.

38. My husband and I were paying_______visit to my parents in Tucson.

39. On Teacher’s Day，Papa takes every call as if it________（be） the only one he got.

40. Yesterday mother and I were watching for a cab in the rainy street without an umbrella________an old gentleman sheltering under an umbrella approached us to ask a favor.

41. But she didn’t want to take advantage________a tired old man in this way.

42. Even the ideas behind traditional games，such as Scrabble，have been used without the owners’______（permit）.

43. So mother simply gave him the fare but he insisted we_______（take） the umbrella.

44. Finally，there is the fact________many people simply do not see the act as theft，since once the work has been digitized there is no clear physical object to steal in the first place.

45. Such a setback could have easily ended the career of a less tough person，but Ruggiero，who has been dancing________he was f ve，now puts the experience into his performance.

46. Bosom told the court she now hated pianos so much that she couldn’t even stand_______（see） them in a f lm.

47. It will take 40 years________men spend more time at the stove than women.

48. As the f fth largest continent in the world，Antarctica covers________area of roughly 14 million square kilometers，most of which is blanketed by a vast ice sheet，averaging 2 000 meters in thickness.

49. The court hasn’t made a f nal decision. A spokeswoman says the________（try） will end before May.

50. A 9-foot and 7-inch bronze statue_______（title）Giddy-Up，Daddy was set up，in memory of Family Circus creator Bil Keane.

51. Difficult_______it is to follow the exact ef fects of parental upbringing，it may be harder to measure the exact inf uence of the peer group in childhood and youth.

52.________landing in Johannesburg，the toad was brought out of its container for a celebrity-style photo shoot.

53. Weather extremes are common，_______（lead）to drought，f oods，crop failures and rising sea levels.

54. At the trial，Sonia Bosom says she_______（suffer）noise pollution up to now due to the practice sessions of Laia Martin，who lives below her.

55. The design of future experiments may need________（improve） to better predict how plants will react to climate change.

56. Many astronauts say that________of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out the window and stare at the universe and the Earth’s vast land mass and oceans.

57. I was unable to determine from his answers to my questions how this grade 9 leve___l____（establish）.

58. Plants are f owering faster than scientists predicted（預(yù)測(cè)） in reaction_______climate change，which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.

59. It’s high time you________live a low-carbon life when traveling.

60. Prof. Gershuny sees that the family meal is________（benef t） to the stability of the family.

【參考答案及解析】

1. 【解析】representing?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。represent和句子謂語“held”之間沒有連詞，且和其邏輯主語“one chopstick”構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。

2. 【解析】which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞，即：前面整個(gè)句子，符合語境。

3. 【解析】has been wasted?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)?！皐aste”和句子主語“a single day” 構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且此處表示已經(jīng)完成，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

4. 【解析】an。考查冠詞。固定詞組in an effort to do sth.意為“努力做某事”。

5. 【解析】what。考查名詞性從句。what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作主語，表示事情。

6. 【解析】armed?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞?！癮rm”和句子謂語“announce”之間沒有連詞，且和句子主語“he”之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)完成關(guān)系，故用非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語。

7. 【解析】at?？疾榻樵~。固定詞組at random意為“隨機(jī)，隨意地”。

8. 【解析】a?？疾楣谠~。surprise在此處是抽象名詞具體化，表示具體的一件事，故用不定冠詞修飾。

9. 【解析】have refused?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“for years”提示可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

10. 【解析】speaking。考查動(dòng)名詞。介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，故用動(dòng)名詞speaking作介詞to的賓語，符合語境。

11. 【解析】arrival?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)冠詞the和介詞of的提示可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞，故用抽象名詞arrival。

12. 【解析】knowing。考查動(dòng)名詞。此處knowing是動(dòng)名詞作主語，符合語境。

13. 【解析】with?？疾閣ith復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。with+名詞/代詞+非謂語/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語，即with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語。

14. 【解析】later?？疾楦痹~比較級(jí)。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“隨后”，故用副詞比較級(jí)later。

15. 【解析】On?？疾榻樵~。固定詞組搭配：on average意為“平均”，符合語境，故用介詞on。

16. 【解析】the。考查冠詞。在表示“在幾十年代時(shí)”，往往用定冠詞the。

17. 【解析】that。考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型?！癷t is...that...”是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，其判斷方式是把“it is...that...”去掉，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思仍完整。本句是對(duì)句子的狀語“in this whole process of solving problems”進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。

18. 【解析】As?？疾闋钫Z從句。as引導(dǎo)狀語從句，意為“正如”，在從句中作狀語，符合語境。

19. 【解析】loss。考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，故此處用抽象名詞loss作介詞with的賓語，表示抽象事物概念。

20. 【解析】that?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。that引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語，與“the same”呼應(yīng)，修飾先行詞“systems”，符合語境。

21. 【解析】Applying?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。apply和句子謂語“determined”之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語動(dòng)詞，且和句子主語“I”構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。

22. 【解析】planning?？疾槭÷?。本句是一個(gè)省略句，補(bǔ)充完整應(yīng)該是：When I was planning。當(dāng)主從句的主語一致時(shí)，從句的主語和系動(dòng)詞可以省略，故用planning。

23. 【解析】what?？疾槊~性從句。what引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中作“call”的賓語，符合語境。

24. 【解析】a?？疾楣谠~。與語境a “we”形成呼應(yīng)，且“group”是第一次在語境中出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞，故用不定冠詞修飾。

25. 【解析】to deal?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。形容詞diff cult后往往跟不定式的主動(dòng)形式，且“deal”和句子謂語“prove”之間沒有連詞。

26. 【解析】where?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，修飾先行詞“Los Angeles Zoo”，符合語境。

27. 【解析】to produce。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。ability后往往跟不定式作后置定語，符合語境。

28. 【解析】survival?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處用抽象名詞survival修飾名詞time，表示平均存活時(shí)間，符合語境。

29. 【解析】try。考查祈使句。本句是一個(gè)祈使句，即：動(dòng)詞原形……+連詞+句子，表示命令、要求、請(qǐng)求、威脅等強(qiáng)烈的語氣，符合語境，故填try。

30. 【解析】Obviously?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)逗號(hào)提示可知，此處應(yīng)用副詞，可單獨(dú)使用，修飾整個(gè)句子，作狀語，符合語境。

31. 【解析】to spread?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。固定詞組搭配：have an urge to do sth.意為“迫切要做某事”，符合語境，故用不定式。

32. 【解析】a?？疾楣谠~。根據(jù)語境可知，此處用不定冠詞，表示另一個(gè)，與語境also呼應(yīng)，不表示序數(shù)的概念，故不用定冠詞。

33. 【解析】juicier?？疾樾稳菰~比較級(jí)。固定句型the more...the more...意為“越……就越……”，故用比較級(jí)的形式。

34. 【解析】a。考查冠詞。must在此處作名詞，是抽象名詞具體化，表示必須要做的一件事，故用不定冠詞a。

35. 【解析】it?？疾榇~。固定句型when it comes to sb./sth.意為“當(dāng)提及某人或某物時(shí)”，故用代詞it。

36. 【解析】lost?？疾槭÷?。本句是一個(gè)省略句，補(bǔ)充完整應(yīng)該是：as though he was lost in thought。當(dāng)主從句的主語一致時(shí)，從句的主語和系動(dòng)詞可以省略，故用lost。

37. 【解析】in?？疾榻樵~。固定詞組in high spirits意為“情緒高漲”，故用介詞in。

38. 【解析】a?？疾楣谠~。固定詞組搭配：pay a visit to some place=visit some place意為“參觀某地”，符合語境，故用不定冠詞a。

39. 【解析】were?？疾樘摂M語氣。as if引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，從句可以用虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反。此處表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，與語境takes呼應(yīng)，故從句謂語使用過去式。如果動(dòng)詞是be時(shí)，只能用were。

40. 【解析】when?？疾檫B詞。固定句型be doing... when...意為“正在做某事時(shí)，突然……”，故用when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。

41. 【解析】of。考查介詞。固定詞組take advantage of意為“利用”。

42. 【解析】permission?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境中s’的提示可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞，故填抽象名詞permission。

43. 【解析】（should） take?？疾樘摂M語氣。建議、命令、要求、堅(jiān)持等詞出現(xiàn)在名詞性從句里時(shí)，從句經(jīng)常用虛擬語氣，即：用“（should）do”的形式，符合語境，故用動(dòng)詞原形take。

44. 【解析】that?？疾槊~性從句。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，在從句中不作句子成分，對(duì)同位語“fact”的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。

45. 【解析】since。考查連詞。since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，表示“自從”，主從句時(shí)間不一致，即：從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，符合語境。

46. 【解析】seeing?？疾閯?dòng)名詞。stand意為“容忍”時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞，后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，故用seeing。

47. 【解析】before?？疾檫B詞?！癷t is+時(shí)間段+before...”意為“多久以后”，符合語境，故用before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，主將從現(xiàn)。

48. 【解析】an。考查冠詞。an area of+數(shù)字，表示多大面積，抽象名詞具體化，故用不定冠詞an。

49. 【解析】trial?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)“the”的提示可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞作主語，且表示審判，故填trial。

50. 【解析】titled?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。title和句子謂語“set”之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語動(dòng)詞，且和其邏輯主語“statue”構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語。

51.【解析】as?？疾檫B詞。as意為“盡管”時(shí)，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，句子倒裝，即表語前置，符合語境。

52. 【解析】On。考查介詞。on在本句中表示“一……就……”，符合語境。

53. 【解析】leading。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。lead和句子謂語“are”之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語動(dòng)詞，且和前面整個(gè)句子構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。

54. 【解析】has been suffering?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語境“up to now”的提示可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且句意中含有“一直深受其苦”的意思，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

55. 【解析】to be improved/improving。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。sth. need doing/to be done為固定搭配，符合語境。

56. 【解析】one?？疾榇~。根據(jù)語境“of the most relaxing things to do”和謂語單數(shù)“is”的呼應(yīng)可知，此處表示其中之一，故用不定代詞one。

57. 【解析】had been established?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。establish和句子主語“this grade 9 level”構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且發(fā)生在“was”之前，表示過去的過去，故用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

58. 【解析】to?？疾榻樵~。固定詞組reaction to意為“對(duì)……的反應(yīng)”。

59. 【解析】should。考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。固定句型It is high time that sb. did/should do sth.意為“是某人該做某事的時(shí)候了”，故填should。

60. 【解析】benef cial。考查形容詞。固定詞組be benef cial to...意為“對(duì)……有益”。

（作者單位：河南省新密市第二高級(jí)中學(xué)）