陳傳娟 林志萍
護(hù)理在校生及畢業(yè)生焦慮流行狀況的調(diào)查
陳傳娟 林志萍
目的 了解本科護(hù)理畢業(yè)生與在校生焦慮狀況的不同,促進(jìn)護(hù)理本科生的管理,推動(dòng)護(hù)理教育改革,為提高護(hù)理本科生的心理素質(zhì)培養(yǎng)提供依據(jù)。方法 采用問(wèn)卷調(diào)查法,運(yùn)用焦慮自評(píng)量表(SAS),分別對(duì)某醫(yī)學(xué)院校100名護(hù)理本科畢業(yè)生與100名在校生進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。結(jié)果 研究95名護(hù)理本科畢業(yè)生,無(wú)焦慮者40名(42.11%),有焦慮者55名(57.89%)。99名護(hù)理本科在校生,無(wú)焦慮者67名(67.68%),有焦慮者32名(32.32%)。護(hù)理本科在校生和護(hù)理本科畢業(yè)生之間焦慮狀況差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),可認(rèn)為護(hù)理本科畢業(yè)生焦慮發(fā)生率高于護(hù)理本科在校生。結(jié)論 醫(yī)療服務(wù)行業(yè)本屬于高壓力、高強(qiáng)度工作,護(hù)理本科生面對(duì)繁重課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)及對(duì)生命責(zé)任的同時(shí),無(wú)法避免焦慮心理這一問(wèn)題,尤其是處于擇業(yè)期的護(hù)理本科生焦慮情況更加嚴(yán)重,半數(shù)以上的學(xué)生達(dá)到了焦慮水平,提示護(hù)理教學(xué)工作中應(yīng)注意疏導(dǎo)學(xué)生的焦慮情緒,同時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)學(xué)生的就業(yè)傾注更多幫助和關(guān)懷。
焦慮;護(hù)理本科畢業(yè)生;護(hù)理本科在校生
近幾年人們的心理健康問(wèn)題,特別是大學(xué)生的心理健康問(wèn)題已引起國(guó)內(nèi)外越來(lái)越多的專家學(xué)者的關(guān)注,相關(guān)研究表明護(hù)理本科生在實(shí)習(xí)末期還面臨著在校期間與臨床實(shí)習(xí)的壓力,存在著不同程度的緊張心理,易產(chǎn)生煩躁焦慮情緒,影響身心健康[1-2]。通過(guò)對(duì)在校期間與臨床實(shí)習(xí)焦慮狀況的分析,為護(hù)理本科生心理素質(zhì)培養(yǎng)提供依據(jù)。
1.1 對(duì)象
選擇某醫(yī)科大學(xué)護(hù)理學(xué)院三年級(jí)本科生100名和某三級(jí)甲等醫(yī)院實(shí)習(xí)滿8個(gè)月的護(hù)理本科畢業(yè)生100名為研究對(duì)象。入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)自愿參加問(wèn)卷調(diào)查;(2)無(wú)嚴(yán)重身體疾病,無(wú)腦部外傷史。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)有重度精神疾?。唬?)有精神疾病家族史;(3)1年內(nèi)無(wú)發(fā)生重大事故,如家人去世等重大心靈創(chuàng)傷等;采用隨機(jī)抽樣的方法對(duì)研究對(duì)象發(fā)放調(diào)查問(wèn)卷,共發(fā)放問(wèn)卷200份,其中護(hù)理本科在校生100份,有效問(wèn)卷99份,有效率為99%;護(hù)理本科畢業(yè)生100份,有效問(wèn)卷為95份,有效率為95%。
1.2 方法
通過(guò)焦慮自評(píng)量表(SAS)進(jìn)行焦慮情況的調(diào)查[3],中國(guó)常模SAS標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分的分界值為50分,其中50~59分為輕度焦慮,60~69分為中度焦慮,70分以上為重度焦慮[4]。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
所有數(shù)據(jù)用R語(yǔ)言軟件包進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,計(jì)量資料用t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05,表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
研究95名護(hù)理本科畢業(yè)生,男5人,女90人,無(wú)焦慮者40名(42.11%),有焦慮者55名(57.89%),SAS分?jǐn)?shù)中位數(shù)為50分,SAS平均分?jǐn)?shù)為(49.9±7.44)分。99名護(hù)理本科在校生,男8人,女91人,無(wú)焦慮者67名(67.68%),有焦慮者32名(32.32%),SAS分?jǐn)?shù)中位數(shù)為42分,SAS平均分?jǐn)?shù)為(43.32±7.03)分。在SAS平均分?jǐn)?shù)的比較上,護(hù)理本科在校生和護(hù)理本科生畢業(yè)生之間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=6.332,P<0.05)。
醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)基于其天然的社會(huì)屬性,對(duì)從業(yè)人員要求較高,工作也相對(duì)繁重,本科護(hù)理生表現(xiàn)出的高焦慮分?jǐn)?shù)體現(xiàn)了這些特點(diǎn)[5]。而對(duì)于畢業(yè)生,因已處于臨床實(shí)習(xí)末期,對(duì)于臨床實(shí)習(xí)工作的新鮮感與積極性已經(jīng)消磨殆盡,繁忙緊張的工作使壓抑的心情長(zhǎng)期得不到宣泄,同時(shí)在實(shí)習(xí)末期還面臨較大就業(yè)壓力,易產(chǎn)生煩躁焦慮情緒[6]。同時(shí)由于高校擴(kuò)招帶來(lái)的嚴(yán)峻就業(yè)形勢(shì),實(shí)習(xí)期缺乏就業(yè)指導(dǎo),也與焦慮水平升高有關(guān)[7]?,F(xiàn)研究的這一結(jié)果也與既往研究類似。針對(duì)護(hù)理實(shí)習(xí)生的就業(yè)心理壓力,帶教老師應(yīng)積極主動(dòng)地予以就業(yè)指導(dǎo),如幫助護(hù)生聯(lián)系用人單位、指導(dǎo)實(shí)習(xí)生進(jìn)行護(hù)士執(zhí)業(yè)資格備考等緩解她們的心理壓力[8]。在擇業(yè)期間,也面臨者學(xué)習(xí)考試的壓力,或許實(shí)習(xí)末期足夠的擇業(yè)假期可以減輕護(hù)理學(xué)生的焦慮水平。
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Investigation on the Prevalence of Anxiety Among Nursing Students and Graduates
CHEN Chuanjuan LIN Zhiping Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou Fujian 350000, China
Objective To study the difference of anxiety status of nursing under graduates before graduation (NUGs) and nursing student in college (NSCs), promote the management of nursing undergraduates, promote the reform of nursing education and improve the psychological quality of nursing undergraduates. Methods The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) was used to carry out a questionnaire survey of 100 NUG and 100 NSC in a medical college. Results In 95 NUG, 40 students (42.11%) had no anxiety and 55 students (57.89%) had anxiety. In 99 NSC, 32 (32.32%) had anxiety (P < 0.05). The incidence of anxiety in nursing undergraduates was higher than that of nursing undergraduates. The prevalence of anxiety among undergraduates and nursing undergraduates was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Health service industry is a high-pressure and highintensity work, nursing students in college have to face the heavy burden and obligation at the same time, therefore they can not avoid the anxiety trouble. Especially in choosing a career stage nursing under graduates anxiety situation is more severe, more than half of students reached the anxiety level. Therefore we should pour attention into how to relieve students' anxiety, and response to the students' employment into more help and care.
anxiety; nursing undergraduate graduates; nursing undergraduate students
R780.1
A
1674-9316(2017)12-0007-02
10.3969/j.issn.1674-9316.2017.12.004
福建醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科,福建 福州 350000