雷江紅,韓建業(yè),蔣慶軍,唐 芳,嚴(yán)阿慶
(1.陜西省動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督所,陜西西安 710016;2.西安市動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督所,陜西西安 710061;3.漢中市動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督所,陜西漢中 723000;4.漢濱區(qū)畜牧獸醫(yī)中心,陜西安康 725000;5.臨潼區(qū)動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督所,陜西臨潼 710600)
陜西省鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)改革對(duì)基層動(dòng)物產(chǎn)地檢疫工作的影響
雷江紅1,韓建業(yè)2,蔣慶軍3,唐 芳4,嚴(yán)阿慶5
(1.陜西省動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督所,陜西西安 710016;2.西安市動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督所,陜西西安 710061;3.漢中市動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督所,陜西漢中 723000;4.漢濱區(qū)畜牧獸醫(yī)中心,陜西安康 725000;5.臨潼區(qū)動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督所,陜西臨潼 710600)
為了解陜西省鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)改革對(duì)基層動(dòng)物產(chǎn)地檢疫工作的影響,通過(guò)對(duì)《動(dòng)物防疫法》 《動(dòng)物檢疫管理辦法》及綜合執(zhí)法、官方獸醫(yī)資格確認(rèn)等有關(guān)政令法規(guī)進(jìn)行研習(xí),分析了鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)改革后基層產(chǎn)地檢疫工作中存在的檢疫隊(duì)伍不穩(wěn)定、人員與權(quán)責(zé)矛盾日益凸顯等問(wèn)題,探討了鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)改革后從事動(dòng)物防疫人員能否作為官方獸醫(yī)開(kāi)展產(chǎn)地檢疫工作、能否出具《動(dòng)物檢疫合格證明》、是否必須協(xié)助當(dāng)?shù)貏?dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)開(kāi)展產(chǎn)地檢疫工作等問(wèn)題。同時(shí),從健全法規(guī)制度、規(guī)范檢疫流程、嚴(yán)格依法等方面提出了解決問(wèn)題的建議,為國(guó)家獸醫(yī)體制改革提供參考。
鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)改革;綜合執(zhí)法;官方獸醫(yī);動(dòng)物產(chǎn)地檢疫
根據(jù)《中共中央辦公廳、國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)〈中央機(jī)構(gòu)編制委員會(huì)辦公室關(guān)于深化鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)改革的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)〉的通知》文件精神,陜西省先后出臺(tái)了《中共陜西省委辦公廳陜西省人民政府辦公廳關(guān)于鎮(zhèn)村綜合改革的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》和《關(guān)于強(qiáng)化鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府職能依法委托鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)行使部分行政執(zhí)法權(quán)的通知》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《通知》)。提出除公檢法機(jī)構(gòu)、公安派出所外,具有管理職能的駐鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)單位原則上交由鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)管理,其編制、人員、經(jīng)費(fèi)、財(cái)產(chǎn)同步下劃鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)管理,縣級(jí)歸口部門負(fù)責(zé)業(yè)務(wù)指導(dǎo)和監(jiān)管,要求進(jìn)一步精簡(jiǎn)完善鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置,動(dòng)植物防疫工作由精簡(jiǎn)后設(shè)立的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展(市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管)辦公室負(fù)責(zé)。鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)改革后,鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)從事動(dòng)物防疫人員能否取得官方獸醫(yī)資格,是否可以獨(dú)立開(kāi)展產(chǎn)地檢疫,能否出具《動(dòng)物檢疫合格證明》,產(chǎn)地檢疫工作如何有效開(kāi)展,各市(縣、區(qū))意見(jiàn)和做法不一。本文通過(guò)對(duì)《中華人民共和國(guó)動(dòng)物防疫法》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《動(dòng)物防疫法》)、《動(dòng)物檢疫管理辦法》和綜合執(zhí)法、官方獸醫(yī)等有關(guān)政令法規(guī)的研習(xí),提出鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)改革后解決鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)動(dòng)物產(chǎn)地檢疫的意見(jiàn)和建議。
鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)改革對(duì)深化鎮(zhèn)村綜合改革,對(duì)現(xiàn)階段陜西省動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督工作產(chǎn)生長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)影響,短期內(nèi)對(duì)動(dòng)物產(chǎn)地檢疫工作產(chǎn)生沖擊。
1.1 影響隊(duì)伍穩(wěn)定,不利于產(chǎn)地檢疫工作的開(kāi)展
鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)改革后,鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府、新設(shè)立的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展(市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管)辦公室與獸醫(yī)行政主管部門、動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)無(wú)隸屬關(guān)系,絕大多數(shù)無(wú)法作為縣級(jí)動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督所派出機(jī)構(gòu),難以加掛縣級(jí)動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)分支牌子,導(dǎo)致鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)官方獸醫(yī)人員嚴(yán)重不足,動(dòng)物檢疫工作較為被動(dòng)。
1.2 人員不足與權(quán)責(zé)矛盾日益凸顯
鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)從事動(dòng)物防疫工作人員編制少,職責(zé)除動(dòng)物產(chǎn)地檢疫外,還包括畜禽免疫、畜牧生產(chǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)、畜牧技術(shù)推廣等,難以適應(yīng)產(chǎn)地檢疫工作需要。從事動(dòng)物防疫的工作人員“在編不在崗、編制被非專業(yè)人員擠占”“在崗非專職、身兼數(shù)崗”等問(wèn)題普遍存在,即使鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)有專職負(fù)責(zé)動(dòng)物防疫人員,本職工作往往被鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)其他業(yè)務(wù)工作擠占,難以保證產(chǎn)地檢疫工作有效開(kāi)展。
2.1 鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)改革后從事動(dòng)物防疫人員能否作為官方獸醫(yī)開(kāi)展產(chǎn)地檢疫工作
《動(dòng)物防疫法》規(guī)定,動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)的官方獸醫(yī)具體實(shí)施動(dòng)物、動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品檢疫;《動(dòng)物檢疫管理辦法》作為《動(dòng)物防疫法》配套法規(guī),明確動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)可以根據(jù)檢疫工作需要,指定獸醫(yī)專業(yè)人員協(xié)助官方獸醫(yī)實(shí)施動(dòng)物檢疫?!锻ㄖ诽岢?,各地要依法組織協(xié)調(diào)縣級(jí)相關(guān)部門與鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府簽訂行政執(zhí)法委托書(shū),通過(guò)委托的方式,依法賦予鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)相應(yīng)的執(zhí)法權(quán)。作為《動(dòng)物防疫法》授權(quán)的動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu),能否將其授權(quán)職能進(jìn)行委托尚無(wú)相應(yīng)法律規(guī)定。鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)改革后,新設(shè)立的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展(市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管)辦公室人、財(cái)、物歸鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)統(tǒng)一管理,不作為縣級(jí)動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)派出機(jī)構(gòu),即使縣級(jí)動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)委托鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)產(chǎn)地檢疫職能,其從事動(dòng)物防疫工作人員也難以取得官方獸醫(yī)資格,但縣級(jí)動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)可以指定鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)從事動(dòng)物防疫工作人員協(xié)助官方獸醫(yī)實(shí)施動(dòng)物檢疫。
2.2 鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)從事物防疫人員能否出具《動(dòng)物檢疫合格證明》
《動(dòng)物檢疫管理辦法》規(guī)定,“出售或者運(yùn)輸?shù)膭?dòng)物、合法捕獲的野生動(dòng)物,經(jīng)檢疫符合條件,由官方獸醫(yī)出具《動(dòng)物檢疫合格證明》”。所以鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)從事動(dòng)物防疫的人員在未取得官方獸醫(yī)資格情況下,不得出具《動(dòng)物防疫合格證明》。
2.3 鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)動(dòng)物防疫人員是否必須協(xié)助當(dāng)?shù)貏?dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)開(kāi)展產(chǎn)地檢疫工作
《動(dòng)物防疫法》明確規(guī)定,縣級(jí)以上人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)動(dòng)物防疫工作的統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo),加強(qiáng)基層動(dòng)物防疫隊(duì)伍建設(shè),建立健全動(dòng)物防疫體系。由此可見(jiàn),當(dāng)?shù)乜h級(jí)以上政府編制部門賦予鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)動(dòng)物防疫職能,并配備動(dòng)物防疫(產(chǎn)地檢疫)崗位,該崗位人員必須接受縣級(jí)動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)指定,協(xié)助縣級(jí)動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)官方獸醫(yī)實(shí)施產(chǎn)地檢疫。
3.1 出臺(tái)、修訂法律、制度
推行綜合執(zhí)法、深化鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)改革是新形勢(shì)下黨中央、國(guó)務(wù)院提出的要求,建議國(guó)家層面修訂《動(dòng)物防疫法》等相關(guān)法規(guī)或出臺(tái)配套法規(guī)、司法或立法解釋、實(shí)施細(xì)則等,明確動(dòng)物檢疫權(quán)責(zé)可放至鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)一級(jí),解決制約鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)動(dòng)物檢疫人員官方獸醫(yī)資格確認(rèn)、出證等問(wèn)題的法律障礙。鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)改革后,在現(xiàn)行法規(guī)、制度體系下,建議縣級(jí)動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)及時(shí)和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展(市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管)辦公室溝通,按照當(dāng)?shù)鼐幹撇块T賦予鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)動(dòng)物防疫職能,制定鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)動(dòng)物防疫人員協(xié)助產(chǎn)地檢疫制度,落實(shí)雙方責(zé)任,將承擔(dān)產(chǎn)地檢疫工作任務(wù)的官方獸醫(yī)按區(qū)域分片包干負(fù)責(zé),指定轄區(qū)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)動(dòng)物防疫協(xié)助官方獸醫(yī)實(shí)施檢疫,將官方獸醫(yī)和協(xié)助其實(shí)施檢疫的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)動(dòng)物防疫人員、檢疫流程公示等。
3.2 規(guī)范檢疫流程
鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)轄區(qū)內(nèi)動(dòng)物離開(kāi)(出售或調(diào)出)產(chǎn)地前,貨主直接向鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)動(dòng)物防疫人員申報(bào)的,鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)動(dòng)物防疫人員按照產(chǎn)地檢疫規(guī)程進(jìn)行檢疫,出具初檢單,提出檢疫結(jié)論,官方獸醫(yī)根據(jù)檢疫結(jié)論、結(jié)合感官檢查,出具《動(dòng)物檢疫合格證明》;貨主直接向動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)申報(bào)的,包片官方獸醫(yī)或動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)指派官方獸醫(yī)根據(jù)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)動(dòng)物防疫人員檢疫結(jié)論、結(jié)合感官檢查,出具《動(dòng)物檢疫合格證明》。
3.3 依法嚴(yán)懲違法亂紀(jì)行為
鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)動(dòng)物防疫不接受群眾檢疫申報(bào)的,動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)通報(bào)轄區(qū)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人民政府或鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)動(dòng)物防疫人員所屬單位,要求責(zé)令改正;不按檢疫規(guī)程檢疫、弄虛作假的行為,根據(jù)情節(jié)輕重,動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)通報(bào)轄區(qū)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人民政府或鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)動(dòng)物防疫人員所屬單位紀(jì)檢部門;涉嫌犯罪的,移交公安機(jī)關(guān)。官方獸醫(yī)未按規(guī)定履職、弄虛作假的行為,由動(dòng)物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)按照《動(dòng)物防疫法》規(guī)定處理,情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的,依法給予行政處分;涉嫌犯罪的,移交公安機(jī)關(guān)。
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(責(zé)任編輯:孫榮釗)
The Impact of Township Organization Reform on the Work of Grass-root Inspection and Quarantine of Animal and Animal Products at the Place of Origin in Shaanxi Province
Lei Jianghong1,Han Jianye2,Jiang Qingjun3,Tang Fang4,Yan Aqing5
(1. Shaanxi Animal Health Supervision Instituion,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710016;2. Xi′an Animal Health Supervision Instituion,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710061;3. Hanzhong Animal Health Supervision Instituion,Hanzhong,Shaanxi 723000;4. Hanbin Animal Health Supervision Instituion,Angkang,Shaanxi 725000;5. Lintong Animal Health Supervision Instituion,Lintong,Shaanxi 710600)
Based on the impact of township organization reform on the work of inspection and quarantine of animal and animal products at the place of origin,this article studied some problems encountered after the reform by means of studying the laws and regulations such asAnimal Epidemic Prevention Law of P.R.C,Animal Quarantine and Inspection Management Measuresas well as policies on comprehensive law enforcement and the recognition of off i cial veterinary qualification,analyzed the existing problems,such as the unstable personnel resources of local animal quarantine team,the increasing contradiction between personnel and their power and responsibility. Furthermore,the article deeply discussed issues including whether local animal disease prevention staff could act as off i cial veterinary to engage in the work of inspection and quarantine of animal and animal products at the place of origin after reform of township organization,whether they could issue animal inspection and quarantine certif i cate,whether they must assist the local animal health supervising agency to conduct the work of inspection and quarantine at the place of origin. At the same time,the study also put forward relevant proposals concerning the improvement of laws and regulations,the standardization of inspection and quarantine process and the strict compliance of laws and regulations,in order to provide reference for the reform of veterinary system in China.
reforms in township and town governments;comprehensive law enforcement;official veterinarian;animal and animal products inspection and quarantine at the place of origin
S851.6
:C
:1005-944X(2017)06-0033-03
10.3969/j.issn.1005-944X.2017.06.009