喬麗莉 胡 童
超聲引導(dǎo)置管引流術(shù)在乳腺膿腫治療中的應(yīng)用
喬麗莉 胡 童
目的 探討超聲引導(dǎo)置管引流術(shù)在乳腺膿腫治療中的可行性及其臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值。方法 2015 年6 月至2016 年 6 月使用超聲引導(dǎo)下置管引流術(shù)治療乳腺膿腫患者 31 例,術(shù)前B超檢查定位,找到膿腫最大徑,在B超引導(dǎo)下,使用穿刺針貫穿膿腔,從最低點(diǎn)穿出,外接負(fù)壓引流球,切口小,無需拆線,無需換藥。結(jié)果 術(shù)后31 例患者均臨床治愈,拔管時(shí)間平均7d,出院時(shí)復(fù)查B超均未見異常。隨訪6 個(gè)月無復(fù)發(fā),患者對術(shù)后乳房形態(tài) 、切口情況與治療效果均滿意。結(jié)論 超聲引導(dǎo)置管引流術(shù)對于乳腺膿腫治療效果確切,患者痛苦小,恢復(fù)快,費(fèi)用低,無明顯瘢痕,值得臨床推廣。
超聲引導(dǎo) 乳腺膿腫 置管引流
乳腺膿腫是育齡女性的常見病、多發(fā)病之一,是乳房感染晚期炎癥局限化膿的進(jìn)展階段。常見的乳房膿腫主要有2類:哺乳期乳房膿腫(LA)、非哺乳期乳房膿腫(NLA)[1]。LA好發(fā)于女性產(chǎn)褥期或哺乳期,是乳房膿腫最常見的類型,NLA可發(fā)生在女性各個(gè)生理時(shí)期,總體發(fā)病年齡分布偏大。膿腫形成一經(jīng)確診,必須外科膿腫切排。傳統(tǒng)切開引流創(chuàng)傷大,換藥痛苦,治療時(shí)間長,費(fèi)用高,愈合后遺留較明顯的手術(shù)瘢痕,常導(dǎo)致乳房變形。作者采用超聲引導(dǎo)下負(fù)壓引流置管術(shù)治療乳腺膿腫,效果滿意,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1.1 一般資料 2015年6月至2016年6月本院使用超聲引導(dǎo)置管引流術(shù)治療乳腺膿腫患者31例,其中哺乳期21例,非哺乳期10例;年齡23~39歲,平均年齡(29±4.082)歲。入院時(shí)均經(jīng)乳腺彩色多普勒檢查確診為乳腺膿腫形成,B超測量膿腔均>5cm,平均(7±1.4118)cm。均伴有發(fā)熱、疼痛等全身感染癥狀。1.2 方法 負(fù)壓引流裝置由山東百多安醫(yī)療器械有限公司生產(chǎn)的一次性使用體外引流系統(tǒng)?;颊呷∑脚P或斜臥位,術(shù)前B超檢查定位,找到膿腫最大徑,并用龍膽紫標(biāo)記膿腔最大直徑的最高點(diǎn)及最低點(diǎn),常規(guī)消毒鋪巾,采用局部浸潤麻醉,在B超引導(dǎo)下,用穿刺針從標(biāo)記的最高點(diǎn)進(jìn)針,使引流管貫穿膿腔,從最低點(diǎn)穿出,若為多個(gè)分隔的膿腔,可連續(xù)橫貫穿出,膿液送細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)及藥敏試驗(yàn),引流口直徑約0.3cm,引流管固定,負(fù)壓引流出膿液后,以甲硝唑生理鹽水反復(fù)沖洗膿腔,至沖洗液中無粘稠物為止,外蓋無菌敷料,引流管外接負(fù)壓引流球。術(shù)后常規(guī)使用慶大霉素針、左氧氟沙星針、甲硝唑針等抗感染治療,根據(jù)膿液細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)結(jié)果進(jìn)一步調(diào)整。術(shù)后監(jiān)測引流液的量、色、質(zhì),如24h引流液澄清,且引流量<10ml,即可拔除負(fù)壓引流管,本手術(shù)切口微小,無需拆線,無需換藥。
術(shù)后31例患者均臨床治愈,白細(xì)胞5d后降至正常,發(fā)熱患者體溫于術(shù)后1~3d降至正常,拔管時(shí)間5~9d,平均7d。出院時(shí)復(fù)查B超均未見異常。哺乳期患者均暫停哺乳,使用炒麥芽、溴隱亭等藥物退乳。非哺乳期患者考慮為漿細(xì)胞性乳腺炎者術(shù)后口服中藥半年,隨訪6個(gè)月無復(fù)發(fā),切口處無明顯瘢痕,復(fù)查B超未見復(fù)發(fā)征象,患者對術(shù)后乳房形態(tài)、切口情況和治療效果均滿意。
急性乳腺炎是乳腺外科常見病,多發(fā)病,常采取膿腫切開引流后局部換藥聯(lián)合全身抗感染治療。一般針對膿腔接近體表且膿腔較?。ǎ?cm)的患者,多采用超聲引導(dǎo)下穿刺抽吸及甲硝唑溶液等交替沖洗膿腔[2-3],均可達(dá)到治愈的效果。本資料選擇膿腔直徑>5cm或表面皮膚已經(jīng)壞死的乳房膿腫患者,或乳房膿腫位置較深、膿腔壁較厚者,選擇穿刺困難[4]的患者。針對這類患者,大部分外科醫(yī)師會采用傳統(tǒng)的開放式引流與填塞的方法治療[5],雖然療效較好,但組織損傷明顯,愈合時(shí)間長,換藥繁瑣,術(shù)后外觀變形較大,復(fù)發(fā)率高,患者較難接受。
近年來,微創(chuàng)手術(shù)應(yīng)用在膿腫的處理中。其中以微創(chuàng)旋切引流術(shù)[6]代替常規(guī)換藥治療在較多醫(yī)院中開展,在超聲引導(dǎo)下通過微小切口將病變清除,切口僅0.3~0.5cm,符合女性對外觀的要求,且減少換藥。適用于膿腔較大、位置較深、穿刺抽吸反復(fù)無效或復(fù)發(fā)者。術(shù)中旋切刀頭可以充分?jǐn)U展膿腔,消除多房膿腫的房間隔膜,以利引流。但由于切口小,臨床應(yīng)用時(shí)存有一定弊端,如不能充分止血易導(dǎo)致術(shù)后出現(xiàn)血腫,術(shù)后換藥可能出現(xiàn)引流不暢等情況發(fā)生。
本資料顯示,超聲引導(dǎo)下負(fù)壓引流置管術(shù)治療乳腺膿腫,創(chuàng)口小,組織損傷少,出血少,且可多條引流管同時(shí)操作,可反復(fù)沖洗,無需換藥,患者攜帶方便,拔除后無明顯瘢痕及不影響外觀,值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
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[5] 汪潔, 高雅軍. 膿腔置管沖洗與切開引流治療乳腺膿腫的比較.中國微創(chuàng)外科雜志, 2007, 7: 354-355.
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Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical value of the treatment in breast abscess by negative pressure drainage tube insertion and ultrasound guided. Method From June 2015 to June 2015,31 patients with breast abscess were treated.The maximum diameter of abscess was found by preoperative B ultrasonic examination.Under the guidance of B ultrasound, the puncture needle is used to run through the pus cavity and punctured from the lowest point.This method had small incision and no stitches, no dressing change. Results 31 patients were clinical cured,postoperative extubation time was 7d(5 ~ 9)on average,and review ultrasound were no exception before leaving hospital. followed up for 6 months,there was no recurrence.All the patients were satisf i ed with the postoperative breast shape,incision condition and treatment effects. Conclusion The treatment effect of breast abscess with the ultrasound-guided and negative pressure drainage tube insertion is reliable,less pain,rapid recovery,low cost,no scars,cosmetic effect obviously,and should be vigorously promoted .
Ultrasound guided breast abscess Catheter drainage
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