張穎
綿陽市中心醫(yī)院 消毒供應(yīng)中心,四川綿陽 621000
酶液浸泡超聲加全自動噴淋清洗消毒機(jī)清洗手術(shù)器械效果的研究
張穎
綿陽市中心醫(yī)院 消毒供應(yīng)中心,四川綿陽 621000
目的分析酶液浸泡超聲加全自動噴淋清洗消毒機(jī)清洗手術(shù)器械的效果。方法選取2013年7月~2014年7月本院手術(shù)供應(yīng)室回收的手術(shù)器械200套平均隨機(jī)分為兩組,對照組接受全自動噴淋清洗消毒機(jī)清洗,觀察組接受酶液浸泡超聲加全自動噴淋清洗消毒機(jī)清洗。比較兩組的器械清洗質(zhì)量差異。結(jié)果觀察組器械清洗消毒后3種檢測法的合格率均明顯高于對照組(P<0.05);隱血試驗(yàn)陰性率顯著高于對照組(P<0.05);清洗消毒后的RLU值低于對照組(P<0.05),清洗合格率高于對照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論酶液浸泡超聲加全自動噴淋清洗消毒機(jī)清洗手術(shù)器械,可以顯著提高器械清洗質(zhì)量、降低器械污染程度,有助于院內(nèi)感染的控制。
手術(shù)器械消毒;酶液浸泡超聲清洗;全自動噴淋清洗消毒機(jī)
醫(yī)療手術(shù)器械在使用后一般會沾染血跡、膿液等,如不徹底清洗消毒會導(dǎo)致細(xì)菌殘留,待下次使用時可能會造成疾病的交叉感染和院內(nèi)感染。清洗消毒是手術(shù)器械滅菌前的重要步驟,手術(shù)器械的清洗消毒不徹底是造成院內(nèi)感染的重要因素,殘留在手術(shù)器械上的有機(jī)物可以造成消毒滅菌因子的穿透不良、降低滅菌質(zhì)量[1]。為了有效降低院內(nèi)感染發(fā)生率、保護(hù)患者的生命安全、提升醫(yī)院手術(shù)器械的清洗消毒質(zhì)量,尋求更為有效的清洗消毒步驟及方法是目前臨床研究的重點(diǎn)[2-3]。全自動噴淋清洗消毒機(jī)在臨床手術(shù)器械清洗消毒中應(yīng)用廣泛,但是消毒質(zhì)量存疑,本研究主要分析酶液浸泡超聲清洗加全自動噴淋清洗消毒機(jī)清洗手術(shù)器械的應(yīng)用效果。
1.1 資料
選取2013年7月~2014年7月本院手術(shù)供應(yīng)室回收的手術(shù)器械200套,所有器械均在手術(shù)過程中造成中度污染,器械中包括分離鉗、電凝鉤、針持、穿刺器、抓鉗等。將所有器械根據(jù)清洗方式不同隨機(jī)分為對照組和觀察組,對照組接受全自動噴淋清洗消毒機(jī)清洗,觀察組接受酶液浸泡超聲清洗加全自動噴淋清洗消毒機(jī)清洗,每組各100套。兩組器械的污染程度、器械類型等基線資料差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 清洗方法
觀察組使用酶液浸泡超聲清洗加全自動噴淋清洗消毒機(jī)清洗,具體方法如下:手術(shù)器械以1:1000的“84消毒液”初洗去掉明顯的血跡,完畢后密閉回收至去污區(qū)。打開器械軸節(jié)及卡鎖擺放于清洗籃中,清水沖洗后放入1:200多酶液中浸泡5 min,保持水溫45 ℃,浸泡后打開超聲清洗機(jī)進(jìn)行清洗5 min,最后放入全自動噴淋清洗消毒機(jī)進(jìn)行預(yù)洗(1 min)、酶洗(10 min)、漂洗(1 min)、二次漂洗(1 min)、最終漂洗(15 min)、干燥(15 min)。對照組單純接受全自動噴淋清洗消毒機(jī)清洗,初洗及回收過程同觀察組,經(jīng)清水沖洗后放入全自動噴淋清洗消毒機(jī),操作過程同觀察組。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
(1)目測法:雙眼裸眼視力>1.0的專業(yè)人員檢查器械表面及縫隙、齒槽等處,無血跡、水垢、銹跡且表面明亮光滑評定為合格;鏡測法:5倍放大鏡觀察器械表面及縫隙等處,無血跡、水垢、銹跡且表面明亮光滑評定為合格;試紙法:少量純化水浸濕器械測定部分,用潛血試紙下端顯色試劑蘸取純化水,試紙不變色者判定為合格。
(2)隱血試驗(yàn):采用隱血試驗(yàn)試紙對兩組器械的清洗后血液殘余情況進(jìn)行檢測,包括強(qiáng)陽性、弱陽性、陰性3類。
(3)清洗質(zhì)量:采用生物熒光技術(shù)對所有器械進(jìn)行采樣及檢測,比較相對光單位(Relative Light Unit,RLU)值以判斷清洗質(zhì)量。器械表面RLU值≤45為清洗質(zhì)量合格。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
所得數(shù)據(jù)均采用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件SPSS 20.0進(jìn)行處理,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
兩組器械清洗后有機(jī)物污染檢測合格率,見表1。從結(jié)果可看出,觀察組器械的清洗消毒后3種檢測法的合格率均明顯高于對照組(P<0.05)。
表1 兩組器械的清洗后有機(jī)物污染檢測合格率比較
兩組器械清洗后隱血實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,見表2。從結(jié)果可看出,觀察組器械經(jīng)清洗消毒后的隱血試驗(yàn)陰性率顯著高于對照組(P<0.05)。
表2 兩組器械清洗后隱血試驗(yàn)結(jié)果比較
兩組器械清洗質(zhì)量比較,見表3。觀察組器械經(jīng)清洗消毒后的RLU值低于對照組(P<0.05),清洗合格率高于對照組(P<0.05)。
表3 兩組器械清洗質(zhì)量比較
醫(yī)院感染管理相關(guān)規(guī)范中明確規(guī)定:手術(shù)器械使用后必須徹底清洗干凈并進(jìn)行滅菌處理,任何殘留于器械上的有機(jī)物都有可能阻礙消毒滅菌因子穿透,最終影響滅菌效果,故手術(shù)器械的清洗是手術(shù)器械消毒的基礎(chǔ)步驟和重要前提,清洗徹底與否直接關(guān)系著最終的消毒滅菌效果[4]。影響手術(shù)器械清洗消毒效果的環(huán)節(jié)較多,包括器械污染程度、器械本身復(fù)雜程度、清洗方法等,其中清洗方法很大程度上決定了手術(shù)器械的最終清洗清潔度,而清洗方法的改進(jìn)也能顯著提升清洗質(zhì)量[5-6]。
全自動噴淋清洗消毒機(jī)可用于手術(shù)器械的自動沖洗、酶洗、漂洗、消毒、干燥等全過程,在臨床應(yīng)用中具有高效安全、操作省力簡便等優(yōu)勢,但是目前有研究顯示經(jīng)全自動噴淋清洗消毒機(jī)清洗的手術(shù)器械細(xì)菌陽性測出率較高,提示其應(yīng)用過程中存在不足[7]。全自動噴淋清洗消毒機(jī)的清洗過程包括酶液與器械的沖刷,但是缺乏酶液浸泡過程很難將關(guān)節(jié)縫隙處徹底清洗干凈[8-9]。
超聲波清洗是一種全新的全面的清洗方法,可以有效清洗器械的不規(guī)則表面,對于多孔、狹窄、盲孔等特殊形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)均可徹底清洗,同時酶液中含有大量蛋白水解酶,其催化作用可以快速有效分解手術(shù)器械上的有機(jī)物,降低表面張力并使其溶解松動,超聲波的振動可以使器械上的污垢松動分離,超聲聯(lián)合酶液清洗可以大幅提升手術(shù)器械的清洗清潔度[10-12]。
本研究重點(diǎn)對比了單獨(dú)全自動噴淋清洗消毒機(jī)清洗與酶液浸泡超聲清洗加全自動噴淋清洗消毒機(jī)清洗手術(shù)器械之間的效果差異。結(jié)果顯示:觀察組器械的清洗消毒后3種檢測法的合格率均明顯高于對照組(P<0.05),隱血試驗(yàn)陰性率顯著高于對照組(P<0.05),提示聯(lián)合清洗消毒方式可以更為徹底的清除手術(shù)器械上沾染的有機(jī)物及血跡[13-14]。進(jìn)一步的清洗質(zhì)量檢測中顯示:觀察組器械經(jīng)清洗消毒后的RLU值低于對照組,清洗合格率高于對照組(P<0.05),提示聯(lián)合清洗消毒法具有更大的臨床應(yīng)用優(yōu)勢[15-16]。
綜上所述,酶液浸泡超聲清洗加全自動噴淋清洗消毒機(jī)清洗手術(shù)器械,可以顯著提高器械清洗質(zhì)量、降低器械污染程度,有助于院內(nèi)感染的控制,值得在臨床實(shí)踐中推廣應(yīng)用。
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Study on the Effect of Combination of the Enzyme Liquid Immersion Ultrasonic Cleaning and Automatic Spray Disinfection Machine in Cleaning Surgical Instruments
ZHANG Ying
Disinfection Supply Center, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang Sichuan 621000, China
ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of enzyme liquid immersion ultrasonic cleaning machine and automatic spray disinfection machine in cleaning surgical instruments.MethodsAltogether 200 sets of surgical instruments recovered by Surgical Supply Room from July 2013 to July 2014 were collected and randomly divided into two groups with 100 sets in each group. Control Group was cleaned by using automatic spray disinfection machine; while, Observation Group was cleaned by using both the enzyme liquid immersion ultrasonic cleaning and automatic spray disinfection machine. The cleaning quality of two groups was compared.ResultsThe pass rate after cleaning and disinfection determined by three assay methods of Observation Group was significantly higher than Control Group (P<0.05); the negative rate of the occult blood test of Observation Group was significantly higher than Control Group (P<0.05); RLU (Relative Light Unit) value of Observation Group was lower than that of Control Group (P<0.05); the cleaning pass rate of Observation Group was higher than Control Group (P<0.05).ConclusionCombination of enzyme liquid immersion ultrasonic cleaning and automatic spray disinfection machine in cleaning surgical instruments could significantly improve the clean quality and reduce the pollution degree of the equipment and help to control nosocomial infections.
surgical instruments disinfection; enzyme liquid immersion ultrasonic cleaning solution; automatic spray cleaning disinfection machine
R612
B
10.3969/j.issn.1674-1633.2016.08.033
1674-1633(2016)08-0104-03
2015-07-01
作者郵箱:2367939168@qq.com