諶利+楊順露+楊志華
摘 要 目的:明確健身氣功八段錦聯(lián)合針刺和火罐治療神經(jīng)根型頸椎病的臨床療效。方法:收集2013年10月至2014年3月60例神經(jīng)根型頸椎病患者,隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組30例,接受針刺和火罐治療,觀察組30例,給予火罐和針灸治療,并練習(xí)健身氣功八段錦。兩組均治療3周。在治療前和治療1、2、3周時(shí),采用簡(jiǎn)化McGill疼痛評(píng)分表和田中靖久量表進(jìn)行評(píng)估,并比較兩組療效。結(jié)果:對(duì)照組治療總有效率為63.30%,觀察組為93.30%,組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療后,兩組患者疼痛分級(jí)評(píng)分(PRI)、目測(cè)類比定級(jí)法(VAS)和現(xiàn)在疼痛程度(PPI)評(píng)分均有明顯下降,但觀察組均優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。兩組生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分亦較前上升(P<0.05),觀察組評(píng)分提高更為明顯。在PRI、VAS、PPI和生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分方面,兩組在治療第2周后組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:健身氣功八段錦是輔助治療神經(jīng)根根型頸椎病的有效方法,值得在社區(qū)推廣應(yīng)用。
關(guān)鍵詞 神經(jīng)根型頸椎病 針刺 健身氣功八段錦 時(shí)效關(guān)系
中圖分類號(hào):R247.9/R681.5+5 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-1533(2016)22-0029-03
Therapeutic effect of health qigong baduanjin combined with acupuncture and cupping in the treatment of sixty cases of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy
CHEN Li, YANG Shunlu, YANG Zhihua(Juyuan Community Health Service Center of Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, China )
ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the therapeutic effect of health qigong baduanjin(HQBDJ) combined with acupuncture and cupping in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy(CSR). Methods: From Oct 2013 to March 2014, 60 cases of CSR were collected and randomly divided into a control group with 30 cases who were treated with acupuncture and cupping and an observation group with 30 cases who were treated with HQBDJ in addition to acupuncture and cupping. Both groups were treated for 3 weeks. Before and after 1, 2, and 3 weeks of treatment, the simplified McGill pain questionnaire and Tanaka Yasushi cervical spondylosis symptom Scale were used for evaluation. The efficacies in the two groups were compared. Results: The total effective rates of the control group and the observation group were 63.30%, and 93.30%, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of the pain rating score(PRI), visual analogue scale(VAS) and present pain intensity(PPI) of the two groups of the patients decreased significantly, but the observation group was better than the control group(P<0.05). The score of quality of life of the two groups was higher than before(P<0.05), and the score of the observation group was improved more obviously. In terms of the scores of PRI, VAS, PPI and quality of life, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the second week of treatment(P<0.05). Conclusion: HQBDJ is an affective auxiliary method in the treatment of CSR and is worthy of popularization and application in the community.
KEY WORDS cervical spondylotic radiculopathy; acupuncture; health qigong baduanjin; time-effect relationship
神經(jīng)根型頸椎?。╟ervical spondy-lotic radiculopathy)是以頸椎間盤退行性改變?yōu)椴±砘A(chǔ),包括周圍肌肉和關(guān)節(jié)的繼發(fā)性改變和相鄰椎體增生導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)根受壓引起相應(yīng)節(jié)段神經(jīng)根刺激或功能障礙的疾病[1]。目前,對(duì)于神經(jīng)根頸椎病,西醫(yī)學(xué)以手術(shù)和物理治療為主[2],以減輕患者的疼痛和功能障礙,但療效差、容易復(fù)發(fā)。根據(jù)中醫(yī)理論,神經(jīng)根頸椎病屬于“骨痹”、“痹癥”等疾病范疇[3]。因此,行氣活血、疏經(jīng)通絡(luò)是該病的常見(jiàn)治療思路[4]。中醫(yī)治療神經(jīng)根型頸椎病方法多樣,有針刺[5]、火罐[6]、推拿[7]、小針刀[7]等,養(yǎng)生氣功八段錦是其中重要的功法,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其能通過(guò)改善人體氣血運(yùn)行,延緩炎癥刺激因子的表達(dá)[8]。本文報(bào)道采用養(yǎng)生氣功八段錦聯(lián)合針灸和火罐治療神經(jīng)根頸椎病的療效。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
2013年10月—2014年4月,收集上海市嘉定區(qū)菊?qǐng)@社區(qū)服務(wù)中心收治的60例40~60歲神經(jīng)根型頸椎病患者,均符合《康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)診斷規(guī)范》[9]中神經(jīng)根型頸椎病的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。將患者分為觀察組和對(duì)照組各30例。觀察組中男性6例,女性24例,年齡(51.24±7.13)歲,病程(15.26±9.2)d;對(duì)照組中男性7例,女性23例,年齡(51.13±8.30)歲,病程(15.51±5.3)d。兩組患者的年齡、性別構(gòu)成、病程長(zhǎng)短比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。排除神經(jīng)根型頸椎病急性發(fā)作期、非神經(jīng)根型頸椎病、頸椎骨折或脫位、肩周炎、網(wǎng)球肘、尺神經(jīng)炎及周圍神經(jīng)炎、胸廓出口綜合征、腕管綜合征及合并心腦血管、肝、腎、造血系統(tǒng)等嚴(yán)重疾病和精神病患者?;颊呔炇鹬橥鈺?。
1.2 方法
對(duì)照組采用針刺加火罐治療:項(xiàng)八針常規(guī)針刺C2、C4、C6棘突下旁開(kāi)2寸,外加啞門穴和大椎穴,共8個(gè)穴位,留針20 min,紅外線特定電磁波譜燈照射20 min,最后拔罐10 min。隔天治療1次,3周為1個(gè)療程。觀察組采用的針刺加火罐治療方法同對(duì)照組,針灸治療后第2天上午練習(xí)健身氣功八段錦,每次3遍,每周練習(xí)3次,3周為1個(gè)療程。于治療前和治療后1、2、3周評(píng)估患者疼痛程度和生活質(zhì)量。
1.3 評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
參照《中醫(yī)病癥診斷療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》[10]中的有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)判定臨床療效。①治愈:頸部、肩部疼痛消失,肌力正常,頸、肢體功能恢復(fù)正常,可以參加正常勞動(dòng)和工作。②好轉(zhuǎn):癥狀減輕,頸肩部疼痛減輕,頸、肢體功能改善。③未愈:癥狀無(wú)改善。
采用簡(jiǎn)化McGill疼痛評(píng)分表(MPQ)[11-12]評(píng)估疼痛程度,包括疼痛分級(jí)評(píng)分(PRI)、目測(cè)類比定級(jí)法(VAS)和現(xiàn)在疼痛程度(PPI)。用田中久靖頸椎病癥狀量表20分法[13]評(píng)估患者生存質(zhì)量。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 13.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料用百分比(%)表示,行χ2檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組療效比較
治療后對(duì)照組總有效率為63.30%,觀察組總有效率為93.30%,觀察組總有效率顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,表1)。
2.2 兩組MPQ和生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分比較
治療后,兩組患者PRI、VAS和PPI評(píng)分均有明顯下降,但觀察組均優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。兩組生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分亦較前上升(P<0.05),觀察組評(píng)分提高更為明顯,見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 兩組SF-MPQ和生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分動(dòng)態(tài)和時(shí)效比較
兩組的治療效果與質(zhì)量時(shí)間呈現(xiàn)出明顯的時(shí)間變化特征,觀察組在不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)治療效果優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(P<0.05,表2)。在PRI、VAS、PPI和生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分方面,兩組在治療1周時(shí)差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),但在治療2周和3周后組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,表3)。
3 討論
目前,頸椎病的發(fā)病率逐年增高,以40~60歲人群為多發(fā),且發(fā)病與年齡、職業(yè)、性別、頸椎的生理結(jié)構(gòu)等密切相關(guān)[14]。神經(jīng)根型頸椎病的臨床表現(xiàn)主要有:①肩背、頸、枕部出現(xiàn)疼痛;②脊神經(jīng)及其循行部位有針刺樣或觸電樣感覺(jué);③頸部活動(dòng)受限;④患側(cè)易出現(xiàn)上肢沉重和無(wú)力感。健身氣功八段錦是氣功功法,共八節(jié)操:雙手托天理三焦,左右開(kāi)弓似射雕,調(diào)理脾胃需單舉,五勞七傷往后瞧,搖頭擺尾去心火,雙手攀足固腎腰,攢拳怒目增氣力,背后七顛百病消。該功法通過(guò)動(dòng)靜結(jié)合的鍛煉方法,促進(jìn)人體氣血循環(huán)[15],但其治療神經(jīng)根型頸椎病的作用尚無(wú)詳細(xì)闡述。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),觀察組總有效率為93.30%,高于對(duì)照組的63.30%(P<0.05)。不同治療時(shí)間(1、2、3周)內(nèi),患者的PRI、VAS、PPI評(píng)分和生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分均顯著提高。治療2周后,觀察組的治療作用優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。堅(jiān)持長(zhǎng)時(shí)間治療后(3周),患者的疼痛癥狀消失,效果最為滿意,且不會(huì)出現(xiàn)癥狀反復(fù)現(xiàn)象。
針刺加火罐治療能提高經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)氣血運(yùn)行,改善患者局部血流和水腫,延緩神經(jīng)受損病變,具有治療神經(jīng)根頸椎病的作用。而健身氣功八段錦疏通人體經(jīng)絡(luò),保證人體氣血通暢,具有保精、養(yǎng)氣、存神的作用[16]。練習(xí)健身氣功八段錦功法可以激發(fā)人體氣血,促進(jìn)人體陽(yáng)氣回升[17],同時(shí)配合針刺、火罐的溫?zé)嵝?yīng)和局部的物理刺激作用,能進(jìn)一步改善患者疼痛和生存質(zhì)量。
本文證實(shí)在針灸、拔罐等治療基礎(chǔ)上,增加健身氣功八段錦的練習(xí),可以獲得更為理想的療效,可在社區(qū)居民中推廣應(yīng)用。
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