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創(chuàng)傷性膿毒癥患者血清Presepsin水平與疾病嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后的相關(guān)性研究

2016-11-19 08:41孔金水劉子永黃波

孔金水 劉子永 黃波

【摘要】 目的:探討創(chuàng)傷性膿毒癥患者血清Presepsin水平與疾病嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后的相關(guān)性。方法:選取2012年3月-2015年6月本院急診科收治的創(chuàng)傷性膿毒癥患者146例,根據(jù)患者住院期間預(yù)后分為存活組(120例)和死亡組(26例),另選取健康志愿者36例作為對(duì)照組。所有患者均于入院1 h內(nèi)抽取肘靜脈血,檢測并比較血清Presepsin水平,比較存活組和死亡組患者急性生理和慢性健康狀況評(píng)分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)、序貫器官功能衰竭(SOFA)評(píng)分,分析血清Presepsin水平與APACHEⅡ、SOFA評(píng)分的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果:膿毒癥患者血清Presepsin水平明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);存活組患者血清Presepsin水平、APACHEⅡ評(píng)分、SOFA評(píng)分均明顯低于死亡組患者(P<0.05);Spearman相關(guān)性分析顯示,膿毒癥患者血清Presepsin水平與APACHEⅡ評(píng)分、SOFA評(píng)分呈明顯正相關(guān)(r=0.418,0.366,P<0.05);ROC曲線顯示,血清Presepsin水平預(yù)測膿毒癥患者住院期間死亡的曲線下面積為0.753(95%CI:0.624~0.866)(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:膿毒癥患者入急診科時(shí)的血清Presepsin水平與患者病情嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后相關(guān),可作為指導(dǎo)評(píng)估膿毒癥患者病情及預(yù)后的血清學(xué)指標(biāo)之一。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 創(chuàng)傷性膿毒癥; Presepsin; 危重病評(píng)分; 預(yù)后

Correlation Study of Serum Levels of Presepsin and Severity of Disease and Prognosis on Patients with Traumatic Sepsis/KONG Jin-shui, LIU Zi-yong, HUANG Bo.//Medical Innovation of China,2016,13(04):017-019

【Abstract】 Objective: To investigate the correlation study of serum levels of presepsin and severity of disease and prognosis on patients with traumatic sepsis. Method: 146 patients with traumatic sepsis from March 2012 to June 2015 in our hospital were selected and divided into survival group (120 cases) and death group (26 cases) according to patients prognosis during hospitalization, another 36 healthy volunteers were selected as control group. All the patients were collected venous blood within 1 h after entering the department of emergency, the serum levels of presepsin was detected and compared, and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ), sequential organ failure (SOFA) were compared between survival group and death group, the correlation of serum levels of presepsin and APACHEⅡ, SOFA score was analyzed. Result: The serum levels presepsin of sepsis patients was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The serum levels presepsin, APACHEⅡ, SOFA score of the survival group was significantly lower than that of the death group (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the serum level presepsin was positively correlated with APACHEⅡ, SOFA scores (r=0.418,0.366,P<0.05). ROC curve showed that, the AUCROC of the serum levels presepsin predicted the death on patients with traumatic sepsis during hospitalization was ??0.753 (95%CI:0.624-0.866) (P<0.05). Conclusion: The serum levels presepsin is correlated with the severity of disease and prognosis on patients with traumatic sepsis, as a serum index to assess the illness and prognosis.

【Key words】 Traumatic sepsis; Presepsin; Critical score; Prognosis

First-authors address: The Third Peoples Hospital of Huizhou City, Huizhou 516002, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2016.04.005

隨著現(xiàn)代交通、建筑事業(yè)的發(fā)展及其他因素的影響,急性創(chuàng)傷的發(fā)病率呈逐年升高趨勢,而創(chuàng)傷性膿毒癥作為急性創(chuàng)傷較為常見的并發(fā)癥,其發(fā)病率亦相應(yīng)地升高[1]。創(chuàng)傷性膿毒癥發(fā)病機(jī)制復(fù)雜,可進(jìn)展至膿毒癥休克、多器官功能障礙綜合征,病情兇險(xiǎn),病死率高,對(duì)患者生命健康造成嚴(yán)重威脅,故早期診斷并及時(shí)給予全面綜合性的治療對(duì)改善創(chuàng)傷性膿毒癥預(yù)后具有關(guān)鍵性的作用[2]。已有較多研究表明可溶性CD14分子亞型(Presepsin)相對(duì)于降鈣素原(Procalcitonin, PCT)、C反應(yīng)蛋白(C reactive protein, CRP)、白細(xì)胞介素等傳統(tǒng)的炎癥指標(biāo),其在膿毒癥診斷中具有較好的敏感性和特異性[3-4]。本文回顧性分析本院急診科創(chuàng)傷性膿毒癥患者的臨床資料,觀察不同預(yù)后的患者的血清Presepsin水平,分析其與創(chuàng)傷性膿毒癥嚴(yán)重程度和預(yù)后的關(guān)系,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料 選取2012年3月-2015年6月廣東省惠州市第三人民醫(yī)院急診科收治的創(chuàng)傷性膿毒癥患者146例,均為急性創(chuàng)傷引起傷口創(chuàng)面感染,入急診科時(shí)間均>24 h,均符合2001年國際膿毒癥定義會(huì)議修訂的創(chuàng)傷性膿毒癥診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5]。排除合并自身免疫性疾病、免疫缺陷性疾病、良惡性腫瘤病史、既往免疫抑制劑治療史、近期曾應(yīng)用糖皮質(zhì)激素治療或放棄治療的患者。男102例,女44例,年齡21~79歲,平均(43.25±16.83)歲,根據(jù)患者住院期間預(yù)后分為存活組(120例)和死亡組(26例)。另選取同期在本院行體檢的健康志愿者36例作為對(duì)照組,男25例,女11例,年齡23~76歲,平均(41.73±15.66)歲。各組患者性別、年齡比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究經(jīng)本院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)審批,所有患者或其直系親屬簽署書面知情同意書。

1.2 方法 所有膿毒癥患者均于入急診科1 h內(nèi)且未接受任何臨床藥物治療前采用真空采血管采集肘靜脈血4 mL,對(duì)照組取常規(guī)查體時(shí)留取的靜脈血液標(biāo)本,置于采用EDTA化的無內(nèi)毒素抗凝管中,采用化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫分析儀(型號(hào):PATHFAST?,日本三菱公司)檢測Presepsin水平,具體操作均嚴(yán)格按照試劑盒及儀器操作說明書進(jìn)行。根據(jù)膿毒癥患者入急診科24 h內(nèi)最差臨床指標(biāo)計(jì)算急性生理和慢性健康狀況評(píng)分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ),并計(jì)算序貫器官功能衰竭(SOFA)評(píng)分,記錄患者住院期間的預(yù)后情況。

1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 使用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,多組間計(jì)量資料比較應(yīng)用F檢驗(yàn),進(jìn)一步兩兩比較采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用 字2檢驗(yàn),血清Presepsin水平對(duì)創(chuàng)傷性膿毒癥患者預(yù)后的評(píng)估價(jià)值采用ROC曲線分析,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 三組患者血清Presepsin水平、危重病評(píng)分比較 存活組和死亡組患者血清Presepsin水平均明顯高于對(duì)照組,存活組低于死亡組,比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。存活組患者APACHEⅡ評(píng)分、SOFA評(píng)分明顯低于死亡組,比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。

表1 三組患者血清Presepsin水平、APACHEⅡ評(píng)分、SOFA評(píng)分

比較(x±s)

組別 Presepsin

(pg/mL) APACHEⅡ評(píng)分(分) SOFA評(píng)分

(分)

存活組(n=120) 968.59±324.07 12.49±4.53 7.42±0.86

死亡組(n=26) 1430.22±351.43 19.72±6.48 8.26±0.92

對(duì)照組(n=36) 315.63±135.62 - -

F/t值 14.682 6.787 4.460

P值 0.001 0.001 0.001

2.2 膿毒癥患者血清Presepsin水平與危重病評(píng)分的相關(guān)性分析 Spearman相關(guān)性分析顯示,膿毒癥患者血清Presepsin水平與APACHEⅡ評(píng)分、SOFA評(píng)分呈明顯正相關(guān)(r=0.418,0.366,P<0.05)。

2.3 預(yù)測創(chuàng)傷性膿毒癥患者預(yù)后的ROC曲線分析 將血清Presepsin水平、APACHEⅡ評(píng)分對(duì)創(chuàng)傷性膿毒癥患者進(jìn)行預(yù)后評(píng)估,繪制ROC曲線,并計(jì)算曲線下面積。結(jié)果顯示,Presepsin的AUCROC為0.753(95%CI:0.624~0.866),以113.58 pg/mL為臨界值,其預(yù)測膿毒癥患者預(yù)后的敏感度、特異度、約登指數(shù)分別為75%、75%、0.50;APACHEⅡ評(píng)分的AUCROC為0.844(95%CI:0.758~0.940),以15.20分為臨界值,其預(yù)測膿毒癥患者預(yù)后的敏感度、特異度、約登指數(shù)分別為89%、50%、0.39。見圖1。

圖1 血清Presepsin水平、APACHEⅡ評(píng)分評(píng)估創(chuàng)傷性膿毒癥患者

預(yù)后的ROC曲線

3 討論

膿毒癥是急性創(chuàng)傷患者的常見并發(fā)癥之一,是導(dǎo)致患者死亡的主要原因,具有病情兇險(xiǎn)、病死率高的特點(diǎn),如何早期診斷膿毒癥、評(píng)估病情嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)測預(yù)后等一直是臨床關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)之一[6]。目前,臨床常以PCT、CRP、白細(xì)胞介素等傳統(tǒng)的炎癥指標(biāo)診斷膿毒癥,尤其是PCT,在早期診斷膿毒癥和指導(dǎo)治療等方面均具有一定的價(jià)值,但嚴(yán)重創(chuàng)傷、外科術(shù)后、胰腺炎、器官移植、心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)后等患者早期血清PCT水平亦會(huì)顯著升高,故上述指標(biāo)單獨(dú)應(yīng)用于診斷創(chuàng)傷性膿毒癥及評(píng)估預(yù)后中具有較低的效能,需聯(lián)合其他指標(biāo)綜合評(píng)估[7-9]。

Presepsin是可溶性CD14在血液中經(jīng)蛋白酶講解形成的一個(gè)64個(gè)氨基酸殘基組成,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為13 000的N端片段[10]。文獻(xiàn)[11]發(fā)現(xiàn),膿毒癥患者發(fā)病后6 h即可見血清Presepsin水平顯著升高,相比于PCT、CRP,其在膿毒癥患者中升高更早、更快。此外,文獻(xiàn)[12]表明Presepsin的產(chǎn)生不僅依賴于炎癥反應(yīng),且與病原微生物感染,細(xì)菌吞噬過程中經(jīng)溶酶體酶作用的裂解密切相關(guān),故Presepsin可用于診斷膿毒癥。文獻(xiàn)[13-15]表明,膿毒癥患者血清Presepsin水平隨疾病的進(jìn)展呈逐漸升高趨勢。APACHEⅡ評(píng)分、SOFA評(píng)分均為目前果內(nèi)外常用于評(píng)價(jià)危重癥患者病情嚴(yán)重程度的評(píng)分系統(tǒng)[16-17],本研究結(jié)果顯示膿毒癥患者血清Presepsin水平明顯高于健康志愿者,且膿毒癥患者血清Presepsin水平與APACHEⅡ評(píng)分、SOFA評(píng)分均呈明顯正相關(guān),表明血清Presepsin水平的檢測對(duì)于創(chuàng)傷性膿毒癥患者的病情嚴(yán)重程度評(píng)估有意義,可用于指導(dǎo)該病的臨床治療。此外,本研究結(jié)果顯示,膿毒癥死亡患者血清Presepsin水平明顯高于存活者,比較差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,且在繪制預(yù)測創(chuàng)傷性膿毒癥患者預(yù)后的ROC曲線中,Presepsin的AUC為0.753(95%CI:0.624~0.866),以113.58 pg/mL為臨界值,其預(yù)測膿毒癥患者預(yù)后的敏感度、特異度、約登指數(shù)分別為75%、75%、0.50,提示血清Presepsin水平對(duì)膿毒癥患者預(yù)后判斷具有一定的臨床價(jià)值。

綜上所述,創(chuàng)傷性膿毒癥的早期診斷和及早進(jìn)行綜合性治療對(duì)改善患者預(yù)后具有極其重要的作用,其發(fā)病早期血清Presepsin水平與膿毒癥病情嚴(yán)重程度和預(yù)后相關(guān),可作為評(píng)估膿毒癥患者病情嚴(yán)重程度、指導(dǎo)區(qū)別治療和預(yù)測預(yù)后的血清學(xué)指標(biāo)之一。此外,血清Presepsin水平檢測具有操作簡便快捷、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用等特點(diǎn),值得在急診科內(nèi)廣泛開展并應(yīng)用。

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(收稿日期:2015-10-20) (本文編輯:王宇)