熊綺麗 徐 剛 石 勇 倪千喜 顧 強(qiáng)(中國科學(xué)院上海應(yīng)用物理研究所 嘉定園區(qū) 上海 0800)
2(上海大學(xué) 上海 200444)
3(中南大學(xué)湘雅醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院 長(zhǎng)沙 410013)
4(中南大學(xué)湘雅三醫(yī)院 長(zhǎng)沙 410013)
食管癌放射治療計(jì)劃的劑量學(xué)比較
熊綺麗1,2,3徐 剛2石 勇4倪千喜3顧 強(qiáng)1
1(中國科學(xué)院上海應(yīng)用物理研究所 嘉定園區(qū)上海 201800)
2(上海大學(xué)上海 200444)
3(中南大學(xué)湘雅醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院長(zhǎng)沙 410013)
4(中南大學(xué)湘雅三醫(yī)院長(zhǎng)沙 410013)
比較食管癌患者應(yīng)用螺旋斷層(TomoHelical, TH)、徑照斷層(TomoDirect, TD)、容積旋轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)強(qiáng)(Volumetric modulated arc therapy, VMAT)和固定野動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)強(qiáng)(Intensity modulated radiation therapy, IMRT) 4種放療計(jì)劃的劑量學(xué)差異。選取18例食管癌患者,利用Pinnacle9.2計(jì)劃系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)單弧360°VMAT放療計(jì)劃和5野IMRT放療計(jì)劃。利用TomoHDTM2.0.7計(jì)劃系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)TH放療計(jì)劃和5野TD放療計(jì)劃。利用劑量體積直方圖(Dose volume histogram, DVH)統(tǒng)計(jì)靶區(qū)劑量參數(shù)、適形性指數(shù)(Conformity index, CI)和均勻性指數(shù)(Heterogeneity index, HI),肺、心臟、脊髓劑量體積參數(shù),出束時(shí)間和治療跳數(shù)。TH計(jì)劃靶區(qū)適形性和靶區(qū)均勻性略優(yōu)于TD計(jì)劃,VMAT計(jì)劃靶區(qū)適形性和靶區(qū)均勻性略優(yōu)于IMRT計(jì)劃,且前兩種計(jì)劃明顯優(yōu)于后兩種;TH計(jì)劃和VMAT計(jì)劃肺V20Gy、V30Gy,心臟V30Gy、V40Gy分別優(yōu)于TD計(jì)劃和IMRT計(jì)劃;但是TD計(jì)劃肺V5Gy具有其他計(jì)劃都不具有的優(yōu)勢(shì)。TH計(jì)劃優(yōu)于TD計(jì)劃優(yōu)于VMAT計(jì)劃優(yōu)于IMRT計(jì)劃。但如果考慮性價(jià)比,本研究認(rèn)為對(duì)于食管癌VMAT計(jì)劃是首選;如果考慮放射治療計(jì)劃的質(zhì)量,TH計(jì)劃是首選;但如果靶區(qū)體積比較大,肺的低劑量無法達(dá)到臨床要求時(shí),可以考慮用TD計(jì)劃解決這一難題。
食管癌,螺旋斷層,徑照斷層,容積旋轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)強(qiáng),固定野動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)強(qiáng),劑量學(xué)比較
CLCTL72
放射治療是食管癌的主要治療手段之一,但是由于病變區(qū)與脊髓、肺等重要器官緊鄰,所以主要考慮靜態(tài)調(diào)強(qiáng)放射治療(Intensity modulated radiation therapy, IMRT)和容積旋轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)強(qiáng)放射治療(Volumetric modulated arc therapy, VMAT),有關(guān)兩種計(jì)劃劑量學(xué)比較的研究也頗多[1-3],總體來說,VMAT計(jì)劃劑量分布優(yōu)于IMRT計(jì)劃,且能減少治療跳數(shù)和降低危及器官的受量[4-6]。隨著放療技術(shù)的發(fā)展,螺旋斷層放射治療(Tomotherapy)成為目前最先進(jìn)的光子放療技術(shù)[7],尤其是第二代Tomotherapy機(jī)器的出現(xiàn),它不僅能提供螺旋斷層放射照射(TomoHelical, TH),即機(jī)架360°旋轉(zhuǎn)的同時(shí)治療床緩慢移動(dòng),而且能提供斷層徑照射(TomoDirect,TD),即機(jī)架僅固定在給定的 n個(gè)角度但治療床緩慢進(jìn)出 n次[8]。美國 MD Anderson 腫瘤中心的LANGEN 博士[9]對(duì)用螺旋斷層方式和斷層徑照方式在乳腺癌短程放療的計(jì)劃對(duì)比研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),在靶區(qū)的適形度上,螺旋斷層的劑量分布要更好,但是斷層徑照在同側(cè)肺的保護(hù)上明顯超過螺旋斷層方式。TH計(jì)劃能給予更加精細(xì)的劑量分布,但是由于 360°旋轉(zhuǎn)治療造成食管癌,主要危及器官肺低劑量大體積,從而增加引起放射性肺炎的機(jī)率[10],第二代Tomotherapy獨(dú)有的TD技術(shù)不僅同樣能給予相對(duì)精細(xì)的劑量分布,而且能降低肺低劑量的體積,該結(jié)論已在乳腺癌上得到驗(yàn)證[11]。本研究通過比較TH、TD、VMAT和IMRT四種放射治療計(jì)劃的靶區(qū)劑量分布和危及器官受到的劑量來為食管癌的臨床放射治療的應(yīng)用提供依據(jù)。
1.1一般資料
隨機(jī)選取湖南省腫瘤醫(yī)院2015年1~10月的18例食管放射治療的食管癌患者,其中男性15例,女性3例;中位年齡62 (46~72)歲;根據(jù)UICC2002TNM分期,其中T3N1M0 8例、T3N2M0 5例、T2N1M0 1例、T3M0N0 3例、T4N0N0 1例;患者頸胸?zé)崴荏w膜固定,仰臥位雙臂上舉抱頭。在GE 型 CT 模擬定位機(jī)下進(jìn)行自由平靜呼吸螺旋和靜脈增強(qiáng)掃描,層厚 5 mm,掃描上、中、下整段食管,獲得CT圖像傳輸至放射治療計(jì)劃系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行三維重建。
1.2靶區(qū)和危及器官定義
由科室放療醫(yī)生根據(jù)ICRU50和62號(hào)文件應(yīng)用Pinnacle9.2計(jì)劃系統(tǒng)在CT影像上勾畫出原發(fā)腫瘤區(qū)(Gross target volume, GTV);臨床靶區(qū)(Clinical target volume, CTV)由GTV縱軸方向外擴(kuò)3~5 cm,前后左右外擴(kuò)0.5 cm(外放后根據(jù)解剖結(jié)構(gòu)稍微調(diào)整),計(jì)劃靶區(qū)(Planning target volume, PTV)由CTV外放0.5 cm得到。肺、脊髓和心臟為危及器官。
1.3放射治療計(jì)劃
臨床處方劑量 DT要求:DPTV=60 Gy/30次,VDT≥95%,Dmax≤66 Gy,危及器官處方劑量要求:肺V5Gy≤60%~65%、V20Gy≤30%、V30Gy≤20%;心臟V30Gy≤40%、V40Gy≤30%;脊髓D1%≤45 Gy;按照臨床處方劑量要求設(shè)計(jì)以下 4組計(jì)劃:(1)TomoHDTM2.0.7計(jì)劃系統(tǒng),劑量率為863 MU/min,螺旋斷層照射方式(TH);(2) TomoHDTM2.0.7計(jì)劃系統(tǒng),劑量率為863 MU/min,五野的斷層徑照方式(TD);(3) Pinnacle9.2計(jì)劃系統(tǒng),6MV-X線,最大劑量率為 600 MU/min,單弧逆時(shí)針容積旋轉(zhuǎn)治療(VMAT):起始角度179°,終止角度181°,準(zhǔn)直器角度5°,治療床角0°,每4°一個(gè)弧形野;(4)Pinnacle9.2計(jì)劃系統(tǒng),6MV-X線,劑量率為 600 MU/min,固定野調(diào)強(qiáng)放射治療(IMRT),采取與TD計(jì)劃相同角度的五野。
1.4評(píng)估方法
根據(jù)ICRU83[12]號(hào)報(bào)告,通過評(píng)估劑量體積直方圖(Dose volume histogram, DVH)的以下參數(shù)來評(píng)估靶區(qū)劑量分布(Vx表示靶區(qū)或者危機(jī)器官受到不大于xGy劑量照射的體積,單位:%;Dx%表示靶區(qū)或者危機(jī)器官 x%的體積接受的吸收劑量,單位Gy;Dmean表示平均劑量):D50%、D95%、Dmean、V50以及適形性指數(shù)(Conformity index, CI)[13]和均勻性指數(shù)(Heterogeneity index, HI)[14]。
式中:VDT-PTV計(jì)劃靶區(qū)中達(dá)到處方劑量的體積,VDT表示達(dá)到處方劑量的體積,VDT-PTV表示計(jì)劃靶區(qū)的體積。
適形性指數(shù)CI值越接近1,說明計(jì)劃適形度越高;HI值越接近0,說明計(jì)劃的均勻度越高。
危及器官中評(píng)估肺 V5Gy、V10Gy、V20Gy、V30Gy和 Dmean;脊髓 D1%和 Dmean;心臟 V30Gy、V40Gy和Dmean;由于Tomotherapy是采用出束時(shí)間(min)來表示治療效率,而普通加速器是采取治療跳數(shù)(MU)來表示治療跳數(shù),所以只存在TH與TD比較,VMAT與IMRT比較。
1.5統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
2.1靶區(qū)劑量分布
四種計(jì)劃的靶區(qū)劑量分布均能滿足臨床劑量要求。如表1和圖1所示:靶區(qū)適形性指數(shù)CI、均勻性指數(shù)HI、VDT和D95%的TH、TD、VMAT和IMRT計(jì)劃差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。四種計(jì)劃的D95%相當(dāng),且差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。D50%是TH計(jì)劃、TD計(jì)劃和VMAT計(jì)劃相當(dāng)且優(yōu)于IMRT計(jì)劃,但差異不具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
表1 四種放療計(jì)劃的靶區(qū)劑量學(xué)參數(shù)比較Table 1 Target dosimetric parameters among the four kind of radiation treatment planning (Gy or %)
2.2危及器官劑量分布
四種計(jì)劃的肺、心臟和脊髓的劑量均能達(dá)到臨床劑量要求。如表 2所示,肺 V5Gy、V10Gy、V20Gy和V30Gy的TH、TD、VMAT和IMRT計(jì)劃差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;肺Dmean是TH和TD相當(dāng),但優(yōu)于也相當(dāng)?shù)腣MAT和IMRT,且除VMAT和IMRT比較差異不具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義外,其余均有。心臟V30Gy和V40Gy的TH、TD、VMAT和IMRT計(jì)劃、差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;脊髓D1%的TH、TD、VMAT和IMRT計(jì)劃差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
表2 四種計(jì)劃的危及器官劑量學(xué)參數(shù)比較Table 2 Risking organ dosimetry parameters between the four kind of radiation treatment planning ?。℅y or %)
2.3出束時(shí)間或跳數(shù)
TH和TD計(jì)劃的出束時(shí)間分別為(11.85±4.112)min和(6.780±1.424) min,VMAT和IMRT計(jì)劃跳數(shù)分別為(459.33±59.93) MU 和(862±150.945)MU,且差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
國內(nèi)外關(guān)于食管癌放射治療計(jì)劃的劑量學(xué)比較頗多,但是多為VMAT、IMRT和3D-CRT之間的比較[15-16]。大量研究表明,VMAT與IMRT的計(jì)劃相比,對(duì)于食管癌最大的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于顯著降低治療時(shí)間,減少跳數(shù) MU,同時(shí)還能提高靶區(qū)適形性和均勻性,降低肺和心臟高劑量的體積[17-18],而肺V20Gy和 V30Gy均是臨床放射性肺炎的重要指標(biāo)[19],但是由于360°旋轉(zhuǎn)照射治療會(huì)增加肺低劑量即V5Gy的體積,而V5Gy也是臨床認(rèn)為引發(fā)放射性肺炎的重要指標(biāo)[20];本研究中,VMAT和IMRT計(jì)劃的比較得到了同樣的結(jié)論,相對(duì)于IMRT計(jì)劃,VMAT計(jì)劃的治療跳數(shù)減少46.8%,肺V20Gy和V30Gy均降低3%,心臟V30Gy和V40Gy分別降低4%和2%,但是肺V5Gy和V10Gy分別提高5%和3%,脊髓D1%兩者相當(dāng)。VMAT計(jì)劃靶區(qū)適形性指數(shù)CI、均勻性指數(shù)HI、D50%、D95%、Dmean和VDT都有優(yōu)勢(shì),但是優(yōu)勢(shì)并不明顯。而Fu等[21]研究表明,當(dāng)食管癌IMRT計(jì)劃超過5個(gè)射野時(shí),靶區(qū)的適形性并不會(huì)隨著射野的增加而提高。食管癌中危及器官肺是大體積器官,處于整段食管的兩側(cè),是食管癌中重要關(guān)注的器官,為了不引起放射性肺炎降低肺受到的劑量,往往是以犧牲靶區(qū)適形性和均勻性為代價(jià)的。
國內(nèi)為有關(guān)Tomotherapy的TH計(jì)劃、VMAT和IMRT計(jì)劃比較的研究也有一些,主要是在肺癌、鼻咽癌和宮頸癌等[22-24]。但是由于TD技術(shù)是二代Tomotherapy機(jī)型獨(dú)有,所以相關(guān)的研究很少。已有研究[11]比較乳腺癌TH和TD 計(jì)劃,表明TD照射方式改善了危急器官的低劑量區(qū)受照體積,改善了出束時(shí)間,在減少危急器官低劑量區(qū)體積和更好的靶區(qū)劑量適形性與均勻性分布上是一個(gè)很好的選擇。它給需要大范圍的危急器官保護(hù)患者提供了一種治療方式的選擇;Mcintosh 等[25]在運(yùn)用TD研究乳腺癌治療上也得出同樣或類似的結(jié)果,即對(duì)肺、心臟等關(guān)鍵器官的保護(hù)上,TD優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯。本研究通過比較食管癌TH計(jì)劃和TD計(jì)劃劑量學(xué)差異發(fā)現(xiàn), 與 TD計(jì)劃相比, TH計(jì)劃靶區(qū)適形性指數(shù)CI、均勻性指數(shù)HI、D50%、D95%、Dmean和VDT都略有優(yōu)勢(shì),但是優(yōu)勢(shì)并不明顯。TD計(jì)劃的出束時(shí)間較TH計(jì)劃減少了42.78%,大大提高了射線的利用率。肺V5Gy和V10Gy,TD計(jì)劃比TH計(jì)劃分別降低7%和6%,但是肺V20Gy和V30Gy分別增加1%和3%,心臟V30Gy和V40Gy分別增加2%和4%,脊髓D1%兩者相當(dāng)。由此可知,TD計(jì)劃對(duì)于肺的低劑量體積確實(shí)有一定優(yōu)勢(shì),而TH計(jì)劃的優(yōu)勢(shì)體現(xiàn)在肺和心臟的高劑量體積。對(duì)于食管癌計(jì)劃來講,如果十分關(guān)注肺低劑量的體積但TH計(jì)劃又不能滿足臨床要求的情況下,可以考慮使用TD計(jì)劃,而且TD計(jì)劃可以大量減少出束時(shí)間。但是如果TH計(jì)劃的肺低劑量體積能滿足臨床要求,出束時(shí)間合適的情況下,優(yōu)先考慮TH計(jì)劃不僅能降低肺高劑量的體積降低放射性肺炎發(fā)生幾率,而且能降低心臟受到的劑量提高患者的生存質(zhì)量。
整體來講,TH計(jì)劃和 TD計(jì)劃的靶區(qū)適形性CI、靶區(qū)均勻性 HI、VDT、肺 V20Gy、V30Gy、Dmean和脊髓D1%都要優(yōu)于VMAT和IMRT計(jì)劃; 四種計(jì)劃的靶區(qū)D50%和Dmean是相當(dāng),沒有明顯的差異;心臟V30Gy和V40Gy均是TD計(jì)劃VMAT計(jì)劃相當(dāng),劣于TH計(jì)劃但比優(yōu)于IMRT計(jì)劃;靶區(qū)劑量D95%是TH計(jì)劃優(yōu)于TD計(jì)劃優(yōu)于VMAT計(jì)劃優(yōu)于IMRT計(jì)劃;肺V5Gy和V10Gy是TD計(jì)劃優(yōu)于IMRT計(jì)劃優(yōu)于TH計(jì)劃優(yōu)于VMAT計(jì)劃。綜上所述,食管癌的四種計(jì)劃均能滿足臨床劑量要求,其中TH計(jì)劃的質(zhì)量最優(yōu),但對(duì)肺低劑量體系的保護(hù)上TD計(jì)劃更具有優(yōu)勢(shì)。由于目前國內(nèi)Tomotherapy機(jī)器新且少,加之很多省份還未納入醫(yī)保范圍內(nèi),所以從實(shí)際臨床工作和治療費(fèi)用來講,無論是對(duì)于患者還是對(duì)于技術(shù)員,VMAT計(jì)劃和IMRT計(jì)劃的性價(jià)比更高,而這其中 VMAT計(jì)劃對(duì)于提高患者的治療效果和生存質(zhì)量具有一定優(yōu)勢(shì)。所以如果考慮性價(jià)比,本研究認(rèn)為對(duì)于食管癌VMAT計(jì)劃是首選;如果考慮治療效果和生存質(zhì)量,TH計(jì)劃是首選,但如果靶區(qū)體積比較大,肺的低劑量無法達(dá)到臨床要求時(shí),可以考慮用TD計(jì)劃解決這一難題。
1Van Benthuysen L, Hales L, Podgorsak M. Volumetric modulated arc therapy vs. IMRT for the treatment of distal esophageal cancer[J]. Medical Dosimetry Official Journal of the American Association of Medical Dosimetrists,2011, 36(4): 404-409. DOI: 10.1016/j.meddos.2010.09. 009.
2劉曉靜, 張西志, 李軍, 等. 胸中段食管癌旋轉(zhuǎn)容積調(diào)強(qiáng)與固定野動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)強(qiáng)放療的劑量學(xué)研究[J]. 實(shí)用癌癥雜志, 2011, 26(6): 630-633. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5930.2011.06.025. LIU Xiaojing, ZHANG Xizhi, LI Jun, et al. Dosimetric comparison between rapidarc and fixed gantry dynamic IMRT for middle esophageal carcinoma[J]. The Practical Journal of Cancer, 2011, 26(6): 630-633. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5930.2011.06.025.
3Nicolini G, Ghosh-Laskar S. Shrivastava S K. et al. Volumetric modulated arc therapy with flattening filter-free beams compared with static gantry IMRT and 3D conformal radiotherapy for advanced esophageal cancer: a feasibility study[J]. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 2012, 84(2):553-560. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011. 12.041.
4Otto K. Volumetric modulated arc therapy: IMRT in a single gantry arc[J]. Medical Physics, 2008, 35(1):310-317. DOI: 10.1118/1.2818738.
5Abbas A S, Moseley D, Kassam Z, et al. Volumetricmodulated arc therapy for the treatment of a large planning target volume in thoracic esophageal cancer[J]. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, 2013, 14(3):1269. DOI: 10.1120/ jacmp.v14i3.4269.
6Hawkins M A, Bedford J L, Warrington A P, et al. Volumetric modulated arc therapy planning for distal oesophageal malignancies[J]. British Journal of Radiology,2012, 85(1009): 44-52. DOI: 10.1259/bjr/25428720.
7馬林. 螺旋斷層放療系統(tǒng)的臨床應(yīng)用[J]. 中國醫(yī)療設(shè)備, 2014(10): 12-14. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1633.2014. 10.004. MA Lin. Clinical Application of Tomotherapy System[J]. China medical devices, 2014(10): 12-14. DOI: 10.3969/j. issn.1674- 1633.2014.10.004.
8Franco P, Catuzzo P, Cante D, et al. TomoDirect: an efficient means to deliver radiation at static angles with tomotherapy[J]. Tumori, 2011, 97(4): 498-502. DOI: 10. 1700/950.10404.
9Langen K M, Buchholz D J, Burch D R, et al. Investigation of accelerated partial breast patient alignment and treatment with helical tomotherapy unit[J]. International Journal of Radiation Oncology biology physics, 2008, 70(4): 1272-1280. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp. 2007.11.019.
10 Murai T, Shibamoto Y, Manabe Y, et al. Intensitymodulated radiation therapy using static ports of tomotherapy (TomoDirect): comparison with the TomoHelical mode[J]. Radiation Oncology, 2013, 8(1): 100-112. DOI:10.1186/1748-717X-8-201.
11 Borca V C, Franco P, Catuzzo P, et al. Does TomoDirect 3DCRT represent a suitable option for post-operative whole breast irradiation? A hypothesis-generating pilot study[J]. Radiation Oncology, 2012, 7(1): 1-10. DOI: 10. 1186/1748-717X-7-211.
12 International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU)(2010). Prescribing, recording, and reporting photon beam intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)[J] . Journal of the ICRU, 2012, 10(1):26-29. DOI: 10. 1093/jicru/ndq002.
13 Vivekanandan N, Sriram P, Kumar S A, et al. Volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy for esophageal cancer[J]. Medical Dosimetry Official Journal of the American Association of Medical Dosimetrists, 2012, 37(1): 108-113. DOI: 10.1016/j.meddos. 2011.01.008.
14 Yin Y, Chen J, Xing L, et al. Applications of IMAT in cervical esophageal cancer radiotherapy: a comparison with fixed field IMRT in dosimetry and implementation[J]. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, 2011, 12(2):48-57. PMID: 21587177.
15 張瑞, 習(xí)勉, 李巧巧, 等. 胸上段食管癌容積旋轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)強(qiáng)和靜態(tài)調(diào)強(qiáng)與三維適形放療計(jì)劃的劑量學(xué)比較[J]. 中山大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)版), 2012, 33(2): 260-264. DOI: 10. 13471/j.cnki.j.sun.yat-sen.univ(med.sci).2012.0046. ZHANG Rui, XI Mian, LI Qiaoqiao, et al. Volumetric modulated arc therapy, conventional intensity-modulated radiotherapy and three-dimensional conformal techniques for upper thoracic esophageal cancer: a planning comparison study[J]. Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Medical Sciences), 2012, 33(2): 260-264. DOI: 10. 13471/j.cnki.j.sun.yat-sen.univ (med. sci). 2012.0046.
16 陳進(jìn)琥, 尹勇, 劉同海, 等. 頸段食管癌固定野調(diào)強(qiáng)與旋轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)強(qiáng)放療計(jì)劃比較研究[J]. 中華放射腫瘤學(xué)雜志,2010, 19(5): 429-435. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1004-4221. 2010.05.013. CHEN Jinhu, YI Yong, LIU Tonghai, et al. Application of IMAT versus fixed-gantry IMRT in cervical esophageal cancer : a comparison in dosimetry and implementation[J]. Chinese Journal of Radiation Oncology, 2010, 19(5): 429 -435. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1004-4221.2010.05.013.
17 陳婷婷, 張西志, 花威, 等. 容積旋轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)強(qiáng)與固定野動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)強(qiáng)在上段食管癌治療中的劑量學(xué)比較[J]. 臨床腫瘤學(xué)雜志, 2013, 18(2): 151-154. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn. 1009-0460.2013.02.014. CHEN Tingting, ZHANG Xizhi, HUA Wei, et al. Dosimetric comparison between rapid arc and fixed gantry dynamic IMRT for upper esophageal cancer[J]. Chinese Clinical Oncology, 2013, 18(2): 151-154. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-0460.2013.02.014.
18 Palma D, Vollans E, James K, et al. Volumetric modulated arc therapy for delivery of prostate radiotherapy:comparison with intensity-modulated radiotherapy and three-dimensionalconformalradiotherapy[J]. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 2008, 72(4): 996-1001. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp. 2008.02.047.
19 Marks L B, Yorke E D, Jackson A, et al. Use of normal tissue complication probability models in the clinic[J]. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 2010, 76(3): 10-19. DOI: 10. 1016/j.ijrobp.2009. 07.1754.
20 Mayo C S, Urie M M. Fitzgerald T J, et al. Hybrid IMRT for treatment of cancers of the lung and esophagus[J]. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 2008, 71(5): 1408-1418. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp. 2007.12.008.
21 Fu W H, Wang L H, Zhou Z M, et al. Comparison of conformal and intensity-modulated techniques for simultaneous integrated boost radiotherapy of upper esophagealcarcinoma[J].WorldJournalof Gastroenterology, 2004, 10(8): 1098-1102. PMID:15069706 PMCID: PMC4656341.
22 Cattaneo G M, Delloca I, Broggi S, et al. Treatment planning comparison between conformal radiotherapy and helical tomotherapy in the case of locally advanced-stage NSCLC[J]. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 2008, 88(5):310-318. DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2008.06.006.
23 劉清智, 蔣華勇, 許衛(wèi)東, 等. 胸膜間皮瘤螺旋斷層調(diào)強(qiáng)放療和容積旋轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)強(qiáng)放療的劑量學(xué)評(píng)估[J]. 中國醫(yī)學(xué)物理學(xué)雜志, 2015, 32(5): 690-693. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn. 1005-202X.2015.05.017. LIU Qingzhi, JIANG Huayong, XU Weidong, et al. Dosimetric evaluation of helical tomotherapy and volumetric-modulatedarctherapyforpleural mesothelioma[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Physics,2015, 32(5): 690-693. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-202X. 2015.05.017.
24 Murthy V, Master Z, Gupta T, et al. Helical tomotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: dosimetric comparison with linear accelerator-based step-and-shoot IMRT[J]. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics,2012, 6(2): 194-198. DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.65245.
25 Mcintosh A, Read P W, Khandelwal S R, et al. Evaluation of coplanar partial left breast irradiation using tomotherapy-based topotherapy[J]. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 2008, 71(2): 603-610. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.01.047.
Dosimetric comparing four kinds of radiation treatment planning for esophagus cancer
XIONG Qili1,2,3XU Gang2SHI Yong4NI Qianxi3GU Qiang1
1(Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiading Campus, Shanghai 201800, China)
2(Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China)
3(The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China)
4(The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China)
Dose differences among TomoHelical (TH), TomoDirect (TD), Volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for esophagus cancer were compared. Eighteen esophageal patients were chosen. The Pinnacle 9.2 treatment planning system was used to generate the VMAT plan and the five field IMRT plan. For comparison, the TH plan and five field TD plan were generated by TomoHDTM2.0.7 treatment planning system. It was available to adopt the dose volume histograms to investigate the dose parameters of target, the statistics of conformity index (CI), the heterogeneity index (HI) of planning target volume(PTV), the dose volumetric parameters of lung, and the spinal cord and heart, total accelerator output monitor units and total treatment time. The results showed that the CI and HI of TH plan was better than TD plan, and VMAT plan was better than IMRT plans, and the first two plans were better than the latter two; the lung's V20Gyand V30Gy, heart's V30Gyand V40Gyof TH plan and VMAT plan were better than those of TD plan and IMRT plan. However, the lung's V5Gyof TD plan had a greater advantage among them. The TH plan was better than TD plan, TD plan was better than VMAT plan, VMAT plan was better than IMRT plan. Taken the cost into consideration, the esophageal VMAT plan is preferred, and considering the therapeutic effect and quality of survival, the TH plan is preferred. When the target volume is relatively large, the low-dose lung is unavailable to achieve the clinical requirements. Therefore it is proposed to use the TD plans to cure the patients. Dose volume histograms are adopted for the statistics of CI, HI of PTV, dose volumetric parameters of lung, spinal cord and heart, total accelerator output monitor units and total treatment time.
Esophagus cancer, TomoHelical, TomoDirect, Volumetric modulated arc therapy, Intensity modulated radiation therapy, Dosimetric comparison
XIONG Qili (female) was born in September 1991 and graduated with a master degree from Shanghai University in 2016. E-mail: xiongqili@sinap.ac.cn
Ph.D. GU Qiang, professor, E-mail: guqiang@sinap.ac.cn
17 June 2016; accepted 29 August 2016
TL72
10.11889/j.1000-3436.2016.rrj.34.050201
國家自然科學(xué)基金(No.11175112)資助
熊綺麗,女,1991年9月出生,2016年于上海大學(xué)獲得碩士學(xué)位,E-mail: xiongqili@sinap.ac.cn
顧強(qiáng),博士,研究員,E-mail: guqiang@sinap.ac.cn
初稿2016-06-17;修回2016-08-29
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (No.11175112)