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SCORTEN評(píng)分對(duì)中毒性表皮壞死松解癥和Stevens?Johnson綜合征評(píng)估分析

2016-11-06 03:05王昱璐左亞剛劉潔劉躍華李麗孫秋寧晉紅中
中華皮膚科雜志 2016年9期
關(guān)鍵詞:表皮準(zhǔn)確性毒性

王昱璐 左亞剛 劉潔 劉躍華 李麗 孫秋寧 晉紅中

100730 北京,中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院 北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院 北京協(xié)和醫(yī)院皮膚科

SCORTEN評(píng)分對(duì)中毒性表皮壞死松解癥和Stevens?Johnson綜合征評(píng)估分析

王昱璐 左亞剛 劉潔 劉躍華 李麗 孫秋寧 晉紅中

100730 北京,中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院 北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院 北京協(xié)和醫(yī)院皮膚科

目的分析SCORTEN評(píng)分對(duì)中毒性表皮壞死松解癥和Stevens?Johnson綜合征患者預(yù)后評(píng)估的準(zhǔn)確性。方法回顧性分析1992年4月至2014年3月期間在北京協(xié)和醫(yī)院收治的中毒性表皮壞死松解癥和Stevens?Johnson綜合征39例,其中死亡病例13例,按照年齡分層1∶2匹配診斷明確好轉(zhuǎn)出院26例。39例患者用SCORTEN評(píng)分系統(tǒng)評(píng)分,計(jì)算預(yù)期死亡數(shù),比較39例各級(jí)分層的預(yù)期死亡數(shù)與實(shí)際死亡數(shù),繪制受試者工作特征曲線(ROC曲線),評(píng)估SCORTEN評(píng)分的判斷力。結(jié)果39例患者中,按SCORTEN評(píng)分系統(tǒng)評(píng)為1分15例,2分14例,3分6例,4分4例,總預(yù)期死亡6.808例,實(shí)際死亡13例。每個(gè)積分層預(yù)期死亡數(shù)與實(shí)際死亡數(shù)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。SCORTEN評(píng)分系統(tǒng)的ROC曲線下面積=0.832 8,表明有較好的預(yù)測(cè)能力。結(jié)論SCORTEN評(píng)分系統(tǒng)可在早期對(duì)中毒性表皮壞死松解癥和Stevens?Johnson綜合征患者死亡率作出評(píng)估。

表皮壞死松解癥,中毒性;藥疹;Stevens?Johnson綜合征;SCORTEN評(píng)分

Stevens?Johnson綜合征(SJS)和中毒性表皮壞死松解癥(toxic epidermal necrolysis,TEN)是一組藥物過(guò)敏反應(yīng),可引起特征性的皮損、嚴(yán)重的黏膜和系統(tǒng)受累。臨床表現(xiàn)為紅斑、松弛性水皰及表皮松解、Nikolsky征陽(yáng)性、黏膜也有壞死剝脫。受累皮膚的體表面積(body surface area,BSA)<10%體表面積為SJS,>30%為TEN,介于兩者之間的為SJS/TEN重疊征。SJS死亡率為5%,SJS/TEN重疊征為10%~15%,TEN 為 30%~40%[1]。SCORTEN(score of toxic epidermal necrolysis)評(píng)分量表是對(duì)TEN/SJS嚴(yán)重程度的特異性評(píng)分[2]。通過(guò)記錄入院24 h內(nèi)的7個(gè)臨床指標(biāo),預(yù)測(cè)患者的死亡率。SCORTE評(píng)分量表簡(jiǎn)單易用,適用于所有TEN患者,已被應(yīng)用于預(yù)測(cè)TEN和SJS患者的死亡率。但有報(bào)道[3]證實(shí),在某些驗(yàn)證SCORTEN評(píng)分的研究中存在方法學(xué)錯(cuò)誤,亦有研究[4]認(rèn)為,SCORTEN評(píng)分過(guò)高預(yù)測(cè)了死亡率。還有研究報(bào)道證實(shí),該評(píng)分量表的準(zhǔn)確性可能會(huì)受到人口分布概況和研究人群特點(diǎn)的影響[1],尚需對(duì)其準(zhǔn)確性做進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。為探討此評(píng)分表在國(guó)內(nèi)患者應(yīng)用的準(zhǔn)確性,我們回顧性分析了39例TEN/SJS患者的臨床資料。

一、對(duì)象和方法

1.對(duì)象:1992年4月至2014年3月,在北京協(xié)和醫(yī)院收治的診斷明確的TEN/SJS患者39例。其中死亡13例(11例TEN,2例SJS),按照年齡分層1∶2匹配診斷明確的TEN/SJS好轉(zhuǎn)出院病例26例(24例TEN,1例SJS/TEN重疊,1例SJS)。診斷依據(jù)臨床表現(xiàn)和 Bastuji?Garin[5]提出的分類診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。年齡(41.77±18.3)歲(2~80歲),13例死亡病例的死亡原因:感染性休克9例,肺部感染6例,電解質(zhì)失衡1例,慢性腎衰2例,呼吸衰竭7例,急性心梗1例,急性腎衰4例,敗血癥2例,氣胸1例,皮膚感染2例,消化道出血1例,循環(huán)衰竭4例。

2.SCORTEN評(píng)分:記錄入院24 h內(nèi)7個(gè)臨床指標(biāo)(年齡>40歲,并發(fā)惡性腫瘤,心率>120次,血糖>14 mmol/L,碳酸氫鹽<20 mmol/L,表皮剝脫>10%體表面積,血尿素氮>10 mmol/L),每項(xiàng)1分,無(wú)上述臨床指標(biāo)記為0。采用Bastuji?Garin等[2]研究預(yù)測(cè)死亡率:符合0~7個(gè)指標(biāo)患者死亡可能性分別為0.012、0.039、0.122、0.324、0.622、0.85、0.951和0.985。計(jì)算患者SCORTEN評(píng)分和預(yù)期死亡率,比較預(yù)期死亡數(shù)與實(shí)際死亡例數(shù)。

3.統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法:各評(píng)分間預(yù)期死亡數(shù)與實(shí)際死亡數(shù)的比較采用Fisher精確檢驗(yàn),檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)為0.05。SCORTEN評(píng)分的準(zhǔn)確性通過(guò)受試者工作特征曲線(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)評(píng)估,曲線下面積(area under curve,AUG)越接近于1,說(shuō)明診斷效果越好。AUC在0.5~0.7時(shí)有較低準(zhǔn)確性,0.7~0.9時(shí)有一定準(zhǔn)確性,>0.9時(shí)有較高準(zhǔn)確性,AUC=0.5時(shí),無(wú)診斷價(jià)值。

二、結(jié)果

1.SCORTEN評(píng)分結(jié)果和死亡數(shù)比較:39例患者中,按SCORTEN評(píng)分系統(tǒng)評(píng)為1分15例,2分14例,3分6例,4分4例,總預(yù)期死亡6.808例,實(shí)際死亡13例。各評(píng)分預(yù)期死亡數(shù)與實(shí)際死亡數(shù)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(表1)。

表1 39例中毒性表皮壞死松解癥和Stevens?Johnson綜合征患者SCORTEN評(píng)分結(jié)果和死亡數(shù)比較

2.ROC曲線:根據(jù)SCORTEN評(píng)分結(jié)果繪制ROC曲線(圖1)。AUC=0.832 8,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤0.0912,95%置信區(qū)間為0.65~1.00,置信區(qū)間不包含0.5,按α=0.05水平,可以認(rèn)為SCORTEN評(píng)分對(duì)SJS和TEN具有判斷力。0.7<AUC=0.832 8<0.9,可認(rèn)為價(jià)值中等。

圖1 ROC曲線評(píng)估SCORTEN評(píng)分系統(tǒng)判斷中毒性表皮壞死松解癥和Stevens?Johnson綜合征患者死亡率的敏感性和特異性。0.7<AUC=0.832 8<0.9,價(jià)值中等

三、討論

本研究對(duì)39例TEN/SJS患者進(jìn)行SCORTEN評(píng)分,ROC分析SCORTEN評(píng)分系統(tǒng)的評(píng)估準(zhǔn)確性,發(fā)現(xiàn)AUC為0.832 8,表明SCORTEN評(píng)分系統(tǒng)總體來(lái)說(shuō)具有較好的預(yù)測(cè)能力,與文獻(xiàn)結(jié)果一致[1,6?10],可在早期即對(duì)患者嚴(yán)重程度作出評(píng)估。Guégan等[11]發(fā)現(xiàn),在入院前5天SCORTEN評(píng)分的價(jià)值較高,尤其是第3天,其預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值最高。Cartotto等[3]和Bansal等[1]也得出了相似的結(jié)論。Ho等[12]發(fā)現(xiàn),SCORTEN評(píng)分系統(tǒng)具有很好的判斷力,在患者入院第1天價(jià)值最高。George等[13]對(duì)145例TEN患者進(jìn)行評(píng)分,發(fā)現(xiàn)SCORTEN評(píng)分的準(zhǔn)確性高于 APACHE Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluation)評(píng)分,但低于ICNARC(intensive care national audit and research center)評(píng)分。有作者[1]提出,應(yīng)加入新指標(biāo)去預(yù)測(cè)死亡率,其中包括皮膚、血、尿培養(yǎng)陽(yáng)性,呼吸系統(tǒng)受累,高鈉血癥,BSA>30%和住院天數(shù)。楊永生等[10]研究了60例TEN/SJS患者,發(fā)現(xiàn)SCORTEN評(píng)分系統(tǒng)對(duì)TEN/SJS病情預(yù)測(cè)評(píng)估有判斷力??傊?,SCORTEN評(píng)分系統(tǒng)的評(píng)價(jià)時(shí)機(jī)尚待進(jìn)一步完善,是否需要新附加因素需進(jìn)一步研究。

[1]Bansal S,Garg VK,Sardana K,et al.A clinicotherapeutic analysis of Stevens?Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis with an emphasis on the predictive value and accuracy of score of toxic epidermal necrolysis[J].Int J Dermatol,2015,54(1):e18 ?26.DOI:10.1111/ijd.12466.

[2]Bastuji?Garin S,Fouchard N,Bertocchi M,et al.SCORTEN:a severity?of?illness score for toxic epidermal necrolysis[J].J Invest Dermatol,2000,115(2):149 ?153.DOI:10.1046/j.1523 ?1747.2000.00061.x.

[3]Cartotto R,Mayich M,Nickerson D,et al.SCORTEN accurately predicts mortality among toxic epidermal necrolysis patients treated in a burn center[J].J Burn Care Res,2008,29(1):141?146.DOI:10.1097/BCR.0b013e31815f3865.

[4]Imahara SD,Holmes JH,Heimbach DM,et al.SCORTEN overestimates mortality in the setting of a standardized treatment protocol[J].J Burn Care Res,2006,27(3):270 ?275.DOI:10.1097/01.BCR.0000216532.71360.9B.

[5]Bastuji?Garin S,Rzany B,Stern RS,et al.Clinical classification of cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis,Stevens?Johnson syndrome,and erythema multiforme[J].Arch Dermatol,1993,129(1):92?96.

[6]Sekula P,Liss Y,Davidovici B,et al.Evaluation of SCORTEN on a cohort of patients with Stevens?Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis included in the RegiSCAR study[J].J Burn CareRes,2011,32(2):237 ?245.DOI:10.1097/BCR.0b013e31820aafbc.

[7]Vaishampayan SS,Das AL,Verma R.SCORTEN:does it need modification?[J].Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol,2008,74(1):35?37.

[8]Trent JT,Kirsner RS,Romanelli P,et al.Use of SCORTEN to accurately predict mortality in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis in the United States[J].Arch Dermatol,2004,140(7):890?892.DOI:10.1001/archderm.140.7.890.

[9]MoralesME,Purdue GF,Verity SM,etal.Ophthalmic manifestations of Stevens?Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis and relation to SCORTEN[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2010,150(4):505?510.e1.DOI:10.1016/j.ajo.2010.04.026.

[10]楊永生,徐金華,朱小華,等.SCORTEN評(píng)分系統(tǒng)評(píng)估重癥大皰性藥疹的可行性分析[J].臨床皮膚科雜志,2011,40(1):19?20.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000?4963.2011.01.008.Yang YS,Xu JH,Zhu XH,et al.Performance of the SCORTEN on patients with severe bullous drug eruption[J].J Clin Dermatol,2011,40(1):19?20.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000?4963.2011.01.008.

[11]Guégan S,Bastuji?Garin S,Poszepczynska?Guigné E,et al.Performance of the SCORTEN during the first five days of hospitalization to predict the prognosis of epidermal necrolysis[J].J Invest Dermatol,2006,126(2):272?276.DOI:10.1038/sj.jid.5700068.

[12]Ho YL,Chang YT,Chu YT,et al.Performance of the SCORTEN in Taiwanese patients with Stevens?Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis[J].Dermatologica Sinica,2010,28(1):15?20.DOI:10.1016/S1027?8117(10)60002?x.

[13]George SM,Harrison DA,Welch CA,et al.Dermatological conditions in intensive care:a secondary analysis of the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre(ICNARC)case mix programme database[J].Crit Care,2008,12 Suppl 1:S1.DOI:10.1186/cc6141.

Prognostic accuracy of the SCORTEN scoring system in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis or Stevens?Johnson syndrome


Wang Yulu,Zuo Yagang,Liu Jie,Liu Yuehua,Li Li,Sun Qiuning,Jin Hongzhong
Department of Dermatology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China

ObjectiveToevaluatetheprognosticaccuracyofthescoreoftoxicepidermalnecrolysis(SCORTEN)scoring system in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis(TEN)or Stevens?Johnson syndrome(SJS).Methods Clinical data were collected from 39 patients with SJS/TEN hospitalized in Peking Union Medical College Hospital during April 1992 and March 2014,and retrospectively analyzed.Among the 39 patients,13 had died,and the other 26 patients,who were matched to the dead patients in a ratio of 2∶1 for age,all had a definite diagnosis and were discharged with improved conditions.The SCORTEN scoring system was used to evaluate the 39 patients with SJS/TEN and calculate expected mortality.The expected mortality and actual mortality were compared between different groups stratified by age in the 39 patients.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to assess the prognostic accuracy of the SCORTEN scoring system.ResultsAccording to the SCORTEN scoring system,15 out of the 39 patients scored 1 point,14 scored 2 points,6 scored 3 points,and 4 scored 4 points.The total number of expected deaths was 6.808,while that of actual deaths was 13.There was no significant difference between the expected mortality and actual mortality in every SCORTEN score?based group.The area under curve(AUC)was 0.832 8,indicating a good predictive ability of the SCORTEN scoring system.ConclusionThe SCORTEN scoring system can predict mortality in TEN/SJS patients at early stage.

Epidermal necrolysis,toxic;Drug eruptions;Stevens?Johnson syndrome;SCORTEN

Zuo Yagang,Email:zuoyagang@263.net

2015?11?10)

(本文編輯:顏艷)

左亞剛,Email:zuoyagang@263.net

10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412?4030.2016.09.011

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(81071301);北京市自然科學(xué)基金(7132203)

Fund programs:National Natural Science Foundation of China(81071301);Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(7132203)

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