欒紅 丁潔 劉義華 陳雙峰 張穎新
252000 山東省聊城市人民醫(yī)院皮膚科(欒紅),中心實驗室(丁潔、劉義華、陳雙峰、張穎新)
特應(yīng)性皮炎患者血清維生素D檢測及其臨床意義
欒紅 丁潔 劉義華 陳雙峰 張穎新
252000 山東省聊城市人民醫(yī)院皮膚科(欒紅),中心實驗室(丁潔、劉義華、陳雙峰、張穎新)
目的檢測特應(yīng)性皮炎(AD)患者血清中維生素D(VitD)、總免疫球蛋白E(tIgE)、白細胞介素4(IL?4)、IL?6水平,評價VitD與AD患者病情嚴重程度的關(guān)系及其在AD發(fā)病中炎癥與免疫調(diào)節(jié)中的作用。方法采集37例AD組和30例對照組外周血,檢測血清VitD、tIgE、IL?4、IL?6水平,通過SCORAD評分評估AD患者病情嚴重程度。采用t檢驗或U檢驗分析組間差異,采用χ2檢驗比較VitD缺乏、不足與充足患者比例,采用Pearson或Spearman相關(guān)進行各組間的相關(guān)性分析。結(jié)果AD組血清VitD水平[(24.77±9.29)μg/L]低于對照組[(28.98±6.87)μg/L,t=2.015,P=0.048],tIgE水平[137.68(37.59~414.53)IU/ml]高于對照組[45.16(14.56 ~112.12)IU/ml,Z=-3.399,P=0.001],IL?4水平[(8.86±4.83)ng/L]高于對照組[(4.78±3.07)ng/L,t=4.147,P< 0.001],IL?6水平[6.53(3.99~15.30)ng/L]高于對照組[4.58(2.85~8.17)ng/L,Z=-2.173,P=0.030]。AD組SCORAD評分與血清VitD水平負相關(guān)(r=-0.505,P=0.001),與tIgE、IL?4水平正相關(guān)(r值分別為0.531、0.519,P值均為0.001),與IL?6無相關(guān)性(r=-0.139,P=0.411)。AD組與對照組相比,VitD缺乏、不足與充足患者比例差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,χ2=8.762,P=0.013。VitD缺乏患者血清tIgE[2846.87(319.02~7300.00)IU/ml]與IL?4水平[(16.37±2.05)ng/L]分別高于VitD不足[110.07(26.20~501.48)IU/ml,P=0.045;(8.28±4.48)ng/L,P=0.011]和VitD充足患者[123.93(91.61~273.68)IU/ml,P=0.024;(8.00±4.63)ng/L,P=0.041]。VitD缺乏患者IL?6水平[15.10(8.49~ 30.72)ng/L]高于充足[6.22(4.47~ 9.47)ng/L,P=0.011]。結(jié)論AD患者存在VitD缺乏或不足,VitD缺乏與高水平tIgE、IL?4、IL?6有關(guān),且AD的嚴重程度與tIgE、IL?6升高及VitD降低關(guān)系密切。
皮炎,特應(yīng)性;維生素D;免疫球蛋白E;白細胞介素4;白細胞介素6;疾病嚴重程度指數(shù)
目前特應(yīng)性皮炎(AD)的病因尚不明確,包括遺傳易感性、環(huán)境因素以及免疫因素的相互作用等,免疫平衡失調(diào)尤其是Th1和Th2比例失衡在AD的發(fā)病過程中起重要作用[1]。近年來研究表明,維生素D(VitD)作為一種類固醇激素,不僅在骨、磷代謝中發(fā)揮重要作用,而且對機體具有重要的抗感染和免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用[2?3],且與AD、銀屑病、白癜風(fēng)等多種皮膚病相關(guān)[4]。我們通過檢測AD患者血清中VitD、總免疫球蛋白E(tIgE)、白細胞介素4(IL?4)、IL?6的水平,評估各指標(biāo)與AD病情嚴重程度指數(shù)SCORAD評分間的關(guān)系,了解VitD在AD中的免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用,探討其輔助治療的可能性。
我院2012—2014年門診AD患者。入選標(biāo)準:①診斷均符合Williams 1994年制訂的標(biāo)準[5];②病程至少在1年以上,而且反復(fù)發(fā)作。排除標(biāo)準:①合并其他慢性疾病如高血壓、糖尿病、甲狀旁腺功能亢進癥或減退癥;②合并急慢性感染和腫瘤性疾病等;③3個月曾接受VitD類似物如阿法骨化醇、骨化三醇、維D鈣咀嚼片等治療。共入選37例患者,其中男17例,女20例,年齡[中位年齡20.00(四分位67.50~8.00)]歲,SCORAD評分23.94±10.76。同時選30例健康體檢者作為對照組,其中男14例,女16例,年齡[中位年齡24.00(四分位54.00~11.00)]歲,均無過敏性疾病史及其他特殊疾病史,體檢無異常發(fā)現(xiàn),近2個月內(nèi)無明顯感染史。AD組和對照組年齡、性別差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(均P>0.05)。本研究通過山東省聊城市人民醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會批準,患者均簽署知情同意書。
1.標(biāo)本采集:采集空腹靜脈血3 ml,1 600×g離心5 min,分離血清至-70℃貯存。
2.血清VitD、tIgE、IL?6檢測:將血清恢復(fù)至室溫加至樣品管,血清VitD用Liaison化學(xué)發(fā)光分析儀檢測,試劑為美國DiaSorin公司生產(chǎn)的25?羥基總VitD3定量測定試劑盒,根據(jù)文獻[6]以及試劑盒推薦參考值范圍將VitD水平劃分:缺乏為<10 μg/L、不足為10~29 μg/L、充足為30~100 μg/L。血清tIgE采用Beckman Coulter UniCel DxI 800免疫化學(xué)分析儀檢測,試劑為美國BeckmanCoulter公司產(chǎn)品;血清IL?6采用Roche Cobas e 601電化學(xué)發(fā)光儀檢測,試劑由德國Roche Diagnostics GmbH提供。以上檢測均采用化學(xué)發(fā)光技術(shù)的夾心酶免疫測試法,根據(jù)多點校準曲線計算各自濃度。
3.IL?4檢測:利用美國RD Systems公司的ELISA試劑盒檢測。按試劑盒說明書進行,最后在酶標(biāo)儀內(nèi)450 nm處讀數(shù),繪制標(biāo)準曲線,計算血清IL?4濃度。
4.AD患者病情評價:根據(jù)歐洲AD評分標(biāo)準SCORAD計分系統(tǒng)[7]進行評價,內(nèi)容包括客觀體征(皮損范圍、皮損嚴重程度)和主觀癥狀(瘙癢、睡眠影響程度),根據(jù)總分來確定疾病的嚴重程度,總分為0~103分。
5.統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理:采用SPSS 16.0進行數(shù)據(jù)分析。正態(tài)分布資料以±s描述,兩組間比較采用兩獨立樣本t檢驗,組間相關(guān)性應(yīng)用Pearson相關(guān)分析;非正態(tài)資料以M(P25,P75)表示,兩組比較采用Mann?WhitneyU檢驗,組間相關(guān)性應(yīng)用Spearman相關(guān)分析。兩組VitD缺乏、不足、充足者分布比較采用χ2檢驗。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
AD組血清VitD水平低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.048),但tIgE、IL?4、IL?6水平均高于對照組(P<0.01或0.05)。見表1。
AD組SCORAD評分與血清VitD水平呈負相關(guān)(r=-0.505,P=0.001),與tIgE水平呈正相關(guān)(r=0.519,P=0.001),與IL?4水平呈正相關(guān)(r=0.531,P=0.001),與IL?6水平無相關(guān)性(r=-0.139,P=0.411),見圖1。
圖1 特應(yīng)性皮炎患者SCORAD評分與血清維生素D(VitD)、總IgE(tIgE)及白細胞介素4(IL?4)、IL?6水平的相關(guān)性
AD組37例中VitD缺乏3例(8.1%),不足26例(70.3%),充足8例(21.6%);對照組30例中VitD缺乏1例(3.3%),VitD不足12例(40%),VitD充足17例(56.7%),兩組不同VitD水平比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=8.762,P=0.013)。
AD組中,VitD缺乏tIgE水平顯著高于VitD不足(Z=-2.153,P=0.024)和VitD充足(Z=-2.008,P=0.045),VitD不足與充足相比,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Z=-0.203,P=0.839)。VitD缺乏IL?4水平顯著高于VitD不足(Z=-2.544,P=0.011)和VitD充足(Z=-2.041,P=0.041),VitD不足與VitD充足相比差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Z=-0.284,P=0.776)。VitD缺乏IL?6水平顯著高于VitD充足(Z=-2.046,P=0.041),但VitD不足與缺乏(Z=-1.218,P=0.223)或充足(Z=-0.102,P=0.919)相比,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
對照組中,VitD不足tIgE水平、IL?4水平、IL?6水平與充足相比差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Z=-0.699,P=0.485;Z=-0.940,P=0.347;Z=-0.546,P=0.585)。見表1。
表1 特應(yīng)性皮炎(AD)組與對照組血清維生素D(VitD)、總IgE(tIgE)、白細胞介素(IL)6、IL?4水平
VitD是一種脂溶性維生素,活性VitD作用于細胞膜上的VitD受體(VDR)。VDR表達于人體幾乎所有組織,也表達于多種免疫細胞[8]。體外實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),VitD可以影響T淋巴細胞、B淋巴細胞、抗原提呈細胞、巨噬細胞等的活化和進一步分化[9]。本研究中AD組血清VitD水平普遍存在缺乏和不足,水平顯著低于對照組,且患者體內(nèi)VitD水平與SCORAD評分呈負相關(guān),結(jié)果與文獻[10?11]一致,提示通過補充VitD提高患者血清VitD水平可能改善AD患者病情。另外Samochocki等[12]和Amestejani等[13]也證實,對AD患者給予口服維生素D3,可使患者皮損好轉(zhuǎn),SCORAD評分顯著降低。
VitD缺乏與Th2偏移、B細胞增殖增加有關(guān),AD病情發(fā)展中存在Th1/Th2細胞平衡紊亂,IL?4、IL?6是典型的Th2型細胞因子,其水平過高會促進肥大細胞、B細胞增殖分化,體液免疫增強。我們發(fā)現(xiàn),AD患者血清 IL?4、IL?6水平明顯升高,且IL?4與SCORAD評分呈正相關(guān)。VitD缺乏的AD患者血清IL?4水平顯著高于VitD不足和充足的患者,IL?6顯著高于VitD充足的患者,說明VitD缺乏可能與高水平的IL?4、IL?6有關(guān),高水平的IL?4水平能使靜止的B細胞活化,促進tIgE合成[14],機體對過敏原及刺激因子的反應(yīng)性增強,導(dǎo)致病情加重。
tIgE介導(dǎo)的炎癥反應(yīng)在AD發(fā)病機制中起關(guān)鍵作用。有資料表明,AD患者血清tIgE升高,升高程度與皮損嚴重程度有關(guān),而且病程越長血清tIgE值越高[15]。本研究中,AD患者tIgE水平明顯升高,且與SCORAD評分呈正相關(guān)。Heine等[16]證實,VitD可以抑制B淋巴細胞tIgE合成。本實驗也發(fā)現(xiàn),VitD缺乏的AD患者tIgE水平顯著高于VitD不足和充足的患者,推斷VitD缺乏可能與tIgE過度產(chǎn)生有關(guān),與Wang等[17]的結(jié)論符合。
綜上所述,VitD缺乏可能與AD患者IL?6、IL?4等升高有關(guān)。補充VitD或可作為AD輔助治療,但目前補充VitD是否可以改善AD愈后缺乏隨機對照證據(jù)。AD多發(fā)生于嬰幼兒,由于病歷資料及其對照相關(guān)資料較難獲得,未單獨對兒童組進行觀察分析是本研究的局限之處。VitD缺乏在AD發(fā)病與進展中的作用機制尚待進一步研究。
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Detection of vitamin D in sera of patients with atopic dermatitis and its clinical significance
Luan Hong,Ding Jie,Liu Yihua,Chen Shuangfeng,Zhang Yingxin
Department of Dermatology,Liaocheng People′s Hospital,Liaocheng 252000,Shandong,China(Luan H);Central Laboratory,Liaocheng People′s Hospital,Liaocheng 252000,Shandong,China(Ding J,Liu YH,Chen SF,Zhang YX)
ObjectiveTo measure the serum levels of vitamin D,total immunoglobulin E(tIgE),interleukin?4(IL?4)and IL?6 in patients with atopic dermatitis(AD),to evaluate the association between vitamin D and severity of AD,and to investigate the role of vitamin D in inflammatory and immunoregulatory processes during the occurrence of AD.MethodsPeripheral blood samples were collected from 37 patients with AD(AD group)and 30 healthy controls(control group).The serum levels of vitamin D,tIgE,and IL?6 were measured by chemiluminescent sandwich enzyme immunoassay,and those of IL?4 by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay.The severity of AD was assessed by the SCORing atopic dermatitis(SCORAD)score.Thettest or Mann?Whitney U test was performed to assess the differences in vitamin D,tIgE,IL?4 and IL?6 levels between the AD group and control group,chi?square test to compare the proportion of patients with vitamin D deficiency,insufficiency and sufficiency,and Pearson′s correlation analysis or Spearman′s correlation analysis to evaluate the correlations between the SCORAD score and serum levels of vitamin D,tIgE,IL?4 and IL?6.ResultsCompared with the control group,the AD group showed significantly decreased serum levels of vitamin D(24.77±9.29vs.28.98±6.87 μg/L,t=2.015,P=0.048),but significantly increased serum levels of tIgE(137.68[37.59-414.53]vs.45.16[14.56-112.12]IU/ml,Z=-3.399,P=0.001),IL?4(8.86±4.83vs.4.78±3.07 ng/L,t=4.147,P< 0.001)and IL?6(6.53[3.99-15.30]vs.4.58[2.85-8.17]ng/L,Z=-2.173,P=0.030).Among patients with AD,the SCORAD score was negatively correlated with serum levels of vitamin D(r=-0.505,P=0.001),positively correlated with those of tIgE(r=0.531,P=0.001)and IL?4(r=0.519,P=0.001),but uncorrelated with those of IL?6(r=-0.139,P=0.411).There were significant differences in the proportion of patients with vitamin D deficiency,insufficiency and sufficiency between the AD group and control group(χ2=8.762,P=0.013).AD patients with vitamin D deficiency showed significantly increased serum levels of tIgE(2846.87[319.02-7300.00]IU/ml)and IL?4([16.37±2.05]ng/L)compared with those with vitamin D insufficiency(110.07[26.20-501.48]IU/ml,P=0.045;[8.28±4.48]ng/L,P=0.011)and those with vitamin D sufficiency(123.93[91.61-273.68]IU/ml,P=0.024;[8.00±4.63]ng/L,P=0.041).In addition,serum levels of IL?6 were also higher in patients with vitamin D deficiency than in those with vitamin D sufficiency(15.10[8.49-30.72]vs.6.22[4.47-9.47]ng/L,P=0.011].Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency exists in patients with AD.Vitamin D deficiency is correlated with high serum levels of tIgE,IL?4 and IL?6,and the severity of AD is closely correlated with increased serum levels of tIgE and IL?6 as well as decreased serum levels of vitamin D.
Dermatitis,atopic;Vitamin D;Immunoglobulin E;Interleukin?4;Interleukin?6;Severity of illness index
Zhang Yingxin,Email:912244312@qq.com
2015?11?02)
(本文編輯:尚淑賢)
張穎新,Email:912244312@qq.com
10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412?4030.2016.09.002