聶 偉,王小毅,邱 干,蔣 勇,倪貴生
(1.武警重慶總隊醫(yī)院甲乳血管外科 400061;2.重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一院普外科 400016)
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ABCG2過表達對乳腺癌細胞上皮間質(zhì)化能力的影響
聶偉1,王小毅2△,邱干1,蔣勇1,倪貴生1
(1.武警重慶總隊醫(yī)院甲乳血管外科 400061;2.重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一院普外科 400016)
目的探討三磷酸腺苷結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白G超家族成員2(ABCG2)過表達對乳腺癌細胞上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化(EMT)能力的影響。方法構(gòu)建ABCG2穩(wěn)定過表達乳腺癌細胞株,檢測ABCG2穩(wěn)定過表達前后MCF-7乳腺癌細胞中E-cadherin蛋白和N-cadherin蛋白的表達情況。結(jié)果E-cadherin蛋白表達在ABCG2過表達MCF-7乳腺癌細胞中明顯低于常規(guī)MCF-7細胞(P<0.05),而N-cadherin蛋白表達在ABCG2過表達MCF-7乳腺癌細胞中明顯高于常規(guī)MCF-7細胞(P<0.05)。結(jié)論ABCG2過表達可以通過調(diào)控EMT相關(guān)蛋白的表達進而增強乳腺癌細胞的EMT能力,可能與乳腺癌的轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān)。
乳腺腫瘤;腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移;上皮間質(zhì)化;三磷酸腺苷結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白G超家族成員2
遠處轉(zhuǎn)移是乳腺癌終末期的主要表現(xiàn),并且是導(dǎo)致乳腺癌患者死亡的主要原因[1-2]。雖然預(yù)防遠處轉(zhuǎn)移在乳腺癌治療中的意義重大,但是乳腺癌遠處轉(zhuǎn)移的機制尚不明確。近期許多研究發(fā)現(xiàn),腫瘤細胞上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)在乳腺癌的轉(zhuǎn)移過程中起重要作用[3]。三磷酸腺苷結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白G超家族成員2(adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette superfamily G member 2,ABCG2)是被廣泛證實與乳腺癌轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān)的細胞因子[4],并有實驗指出ABCG2與EMT關(guān)系密切[5],所以假設(shè)ABCG2可以通過誘發(fā)EMT而誘發(fā)乳腺癌轉(zhuǎn)移。本實驗檢測ABCG2過表達乳腺癌細胞中EMT相關(guān)蛋白的表達情況,進而探討ABCG2與EMT的相關(guān)性及其是否可以通過誘發(fā)EMT而誘發(fā)乳腺癌轉(zhuǎn)移。
1.1主要試劑和細胞慢病毒載體及相關(guān)試劑由上海生工提供。人乳腺癌細胞株MCF-7購自中科院上海細胞所。MCF-7用含10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640培養(yǎng)(PAA公司)。PCR相關(guān)試劑購自Takara公司;引物合成與測序(上海生工);ABCG2抗體、E-cadherin抗體和N-cadherin抗體(Santa Cruz公司);GAPDH(中杉金橋)。
1.2方法
1.2.1慢病毒載體構(gòu)建包裝根據(jù)GenBank中ABCG2(NC_0000014.12)的序列,設(shè)計引物KL-ABCG2-F:5′-GAG GAT CCC CGG GTA CCG GTC CCA CCA TGT CTT CCA GTA ATG TCG AAG-3′,KL-ABCG2-R:5′-TCA CCA TGG TGG CGA CCG GAG AAT ATT TTT TAA GAA ATA ACA-3′。慢病毒載體構(gòu)建及包裝由上海生工完成。
1.2.2細胞轉(zhuǎn)染正常對數(shù)生長細胞于6孔板中培育。將慢病毒混合液按感染指數(shù)10∶1加入細胞培養(yǎng)液中培養(yǎng)6~8 h后用磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBS)沖洗,再加入培養(yǎng)基繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)48 h,以免疫熒光顯微鏡觀察轉(zhuǎn)染效果。
1.2.3蛋白免疫印跡法(Western blot)檢測收集試驗細胞提取總蛋白。蛋白裂解液凝膠電泳后行PVDF轉(zhuǎn)膜,用5% BSA封閉1 h加一抗(1∶1 000)孵育過夜,次日用二抗孵育后行ECL顯色曝光。
1.2.4逆轉(zhuǎn)錄PCR(RT-PCR)檢測PCR引物E-cadherin(141 bp):5′-AAA CCT TGC CTT CTT TGT C-3′,5′-TTC CCA ACT CCT CTC CTG-3′。β-actin(300 bp):5′-ACT GGT CTC AAG TCA GTG TAC AGG-3′,5′-ACA GGA AGT CCC TTG CCA TC-3′。N-cadherin(454 bp):5′-CAG AAA ACT AAT TCC AAT CTG AAA-3′,5′-GCC ACC ATA TGA CTC CCT CTT AGT-3′。收取細胞放入離心管,加入Tripure Reagent裂解細胞。裂解液倒入離心管,分次加入氯仿、異丙醇、無水乙醇和75%DEPC乙醇,劇烈振蕩混勻后高速離心。倒掉上清液,取適量RNA樣品進行PCR擴增(按PCR操作說明書進行)。然后進行凝膠電泳;電泳結(jié)束攝取電泳圖。計算不同條帶的灰度值,與內(nèi)參灰度值進行對比,獲得灰度比值。
2.1ABCG2過表達乳腺癌細胞株的鑒定慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后行免疫熒光觀察,ABCG2過表達的MCF-7細胞呈綠色熒光(圖1A、B)。ABCG2過表達MCF-7乳腺癌細胞株中ABCG2蛋白含量(0.821±0.061)明顯高于常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細胞中ABCG2蛋白含量(0.021±0.006,P<0.05)。見圖1C。
A、B:MCF-7細胞轉(zhuǎn)染后的免疫熒光觀察(A:可見光,B:熒光觀察,×200);C:Western blot檢測ABCG2蛋白表達。
圖1ABCG2在MCF-7乳腺癌細胞中的表達
2.2ABCG2過表達和常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細胞E-cadherin和N-cadherin mRNA表達情況構(gòu)建ABCG2過表達的MCF-7乳腺癌細胞株后,以常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細胞作為對照組。用RT-PCR檢測不同組中E-cadherin和N-cadherin的mRNA表達情況。結(jié)果顯示:ABCG2過表達的MCF-7乳腺癌細胞E-cadherin的mRNA表達(0.321±0.004)明顯低于常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細胞(0.814±0.009,P<0.05),見圖2A;ABCG2過表達的MCF-7乳腺癌細胞N-cadherin的mRNA表達(1.007±0.089)明顯高于常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細胞(0.265±0.007,P<0.05),見圖2B。
A:E-cadherin mRNA的檢測;B:N-cadherin mRNA的檢測;1和2為常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細胞,3和4為轉(zhuǎn)染后MCF-7乳腺癌細胞。
圖2ABCG2過表達和常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細胞中E-cadherin和N-cadherin mRNA表達情況
N:常規(guī)細胞,T:轉(zhuǎn)染細胞。
圖3ABCG2過表達前后E-cadherin和N-cadherin蛋白在MCF-7乳腺癌細胞中的表達情況
2.3ABCG2過表達和常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細胞E-cadherin和N-cadherin蛋白表達情況構(gòu)建ABCG2過表達的MCF-7乳腺癌細胞株后,以常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細胞作為對照組。然后采用Western blot技術(shù)檢測不同組中E-cadherin和N-cadherin的蛋白表達情況。結(jié)果顯示:ABCG2過表達的MCF-7乳腺癌細胞N-cadherin的蛋白表達(0.356±0.007)明顯高于常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細胞(0.117±0.003,P<0.05),見圖3;ABCG2過表達的MCF-7乳腺癌細胞E-cadherin的蛋白表達(0.311±0.007)明顯低于常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細胞(0.956±0.017,P<0.05),見圖3。
轉(zhuǎn)移是惡性腫瘤主要的特征性臨床表現(xiàn)之一,并且是導(dǎo)致腫瘤患者死亡的主要原因[6]。導(dǎo)致惡性腫瘤發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移的機制尚不十分明確,但近期許多研究證實EMT在腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移過程中發(fā)揮著極其重要的作用[3]。ABCG2是于1998年發(fā)現(xiàn)的與乳腺癌耐藥密切相關(guān)的跨膜轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白[7]。近期許多研究證實ABCG2與乳腺癌腫瘤干細胞的關(guān)系密切,而腫瘤干細胞與EMT及腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移關(guān)系密切[8-9]。因此,推斷ABCG2可能可以促進乳癌細胞發(fā)生EMT,進而促進腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移。EMT是多因子參與的復(fù)雜的分子生物學(xué)過程,其主要表現(xiàn)為上皮細胞發(fā)生間皮細胞樣改變,參與EMT過程的因子主要包括上皮特異性因子和間質(zhì)特異性因子[10-12]。E-cadherin是上皮細胞的一種主要功能蛋白,是最常見的上皮特異性因子之一,其作用主要是維持上皮細胞間的黏附能力;E-cadherin的缺失可以使細胞間的相互黏附能力下降,進而導(dǎo)致腫瘤細胞獲得更強大的活動和侵襲能力,促進腫瘤的浸潤和轉(zhuǎn)移[13]。N-cadherin主要表達于間質(zhì)細胞,是間質(zhì)細胞的特征性蛋白之一;上皮細胞中出現(xiàn)N-cadherin的高表達證實上皮細胞已經(jīng)獲得了間質(zhì)細胞的特性,獲得了更強大的活動和侵襲能力,容易發(fā)生浸潤和轉(zhuǎn)移[14]。因此,本文選擇E-cadherin和N-cadherin作為檢測腫瘤細胞發(fā)生EMT的指標(biāo),擬探討ABCG2蛋白是否可以通過促進EMT進而促進乳腺癌轉(zhuǎn)移。
綜上所述,通過慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)染成功建立ABCG2過表達乳腺癌細胞,并且ABCG2過表達可以明顯降低乳腺癌細胞中E-cadherin蛋白的表達(P<0.05),同時ABCG2過表達可以明顯升高乳腺癌細胞中N-cadherin蛋白的表達(P<0.05)。證實ABCG2過表達可以促進乳腺癌細胞發(fā)生EMT,進而促進腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移,但具體機制尚不明確。許多研究證實ABCG2可以通過多種信號通路參與腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移,如Notch信號通路,Hedgehog信號通路,PI3K-AKT信號通路等[15-17],但其具體作用機制尚待進一步研究。
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Influence of ABCG2 overexpression on epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cell
Nei Wei1,Wang Xiaoyi2△,Qiu Gan1,Jiang Yong1,Ni Guisheng1
(1.DepartmentofThyroidMammaryandCardiovascularSurgery,ChongqingMunicipalCorpsHospital,Chongqing400061,China;2.DepartmentofGeneralSurgery,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofChongqingMedicalUniversity,Chongqing400016,China)
ObjectiveTo observe the influence on EMT of breast cancer cell caused by ABCG2 overexpression and to approach the mechanism about how ABCG2 to affect metastasis of breast cancer.MethodsStable ABCG2 overexpression breast cancer cell line was constructed.Western-blot was used for detection of expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin before and after transfection to approach the mechanism.ResultsExpression of E-cadherin in ABCG2 overexpression MCF-7 breast cancer cell was much lower than normal MCF-7 breast cancer cell (P<0.05).Expression of N-cadherin in ABCG2 overexpression MCF-7 breast cancer cell was much higher than normal MCF-7 breast cancer cell (P<0.05).ConclusionOverexpression of ABCG2 increases the expressions of EMT associated proteins of breast cancer cell so as to promote the EMT of breast cancer cell.ABCG2 might play an important role in promoting the metastasis of breast cancer.
breast neoplasms;neoplasm metastasis;EMT;ABCG2
聶偉(1968-),副主任醫(yī)師,碩士,主要從事甲狀腺乳腺和血管外科疾病的研究 ?!?/p>
,E-mail:wxytsf@163.com。
論著·基礎(chǔ)研究doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2016.26.007
R737.9
A
1671-8348(2016)26-3622-02
2016-02-12
2016-04-06)