丁 勇
(南京醫(yī)科大學(xué) 康達(dá)學(xué)院 數(shù)學(xué)與計(jì)算機(jī)教研室 江蘇 連云港 222000)
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負(fù)二項(xiàng)分布概率最大值的性質(zhì)
丁勇
(南京醫(yī)科大學(xué) 康達(dá)學(xué)院 數(shù)學(xué)與計(jì)算機(jī)教研室江蘇 連云港 222000)
負(fù)二項(xiàng)分布概率的最大值是每次試驗(yàn)成功的概率p和首次試驗(yàn)成功次數(shù)r的函數(shù).對(duì)確定的r,該函數(shù)是p的單調(diào)上升的連續(xù)函數(shù),僅當(dāng)(r-1)/p是整數(shù)時(shí)不可導(dǎo);對(duì)確定的p,該函數(shù)是r的單調(diào)下降函數(shù).
負(fù)二項(xiàng)分布; 概率最大值; 單調(diào)性
在伯努利實(shí)驗(yàn)的家族中,作為幾何分布的一種延伸,負(fù)二項(xiàng)分布是重要的離散型分布之一,在排隊(duì)論、可靠性以及群團(tuán)型生態(tài)格局分布等方面有著重要的應(yīng)用[1-3],有關(guān)該分布的理論和應(yīng)用研究已取得很多成果[4-10].本文對(duì)負(fù)二項(xiàng)分布概率最大值的性質(zhì)進(jìn)行討論,使我們對(duì)負(fù)二項(xiàng)分布有更深入的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解.
在獨(dú)立重復(fù)貝努里試驗(yàn)中,第r次成功的試驗(yàn)次數(shù)X是個(gè)隨機(jī)變量,其一切可能值是r,r+1,……,X的概率分布稱為負(fù)二項(xiàng)分布,且有[10〗
(1)
這里p為每次試驗(yàn)成功的概率.
圖1 負(fù)二項(xiàng)分布的圖形(p=0.6,r=5)Fig.1 Graphs of the negative binomial distribution(p=0.6,r=5)
圖2 負(fù)二項(xiàng)分布最大值(p) 的圖形(p=0.001,0.002,…,0.999)Fig.2 Graphs of the maximumvalue (p) of negative binomial distribution(p=0.001,0.002,…,0.999)
(2)
圖3 負(fù)二項(xiàng)分布概率最大值Pmax分布圖 (p=0.02,0.04,…,0.98;r=1,2,…,49)Fig.3 Graphs of the maximum value Pmax of the negative binomial distribution(p=0.02,0.04,…,0.98;r=1,2,…,49)
圖4 相鄰兩個(gè)最大值之差(p)-的圖形(r=50)Fig.4 The difference between the adjacent two maximum (p)-(p) of the negative binomial distributionmaximum(r=50)
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(責(zé)任編輯:方惠敏)
The Characters of the Probability Maximum Value for Negative Binomial Distribution
DING Yong
(DepartmentofMathematicsandComputerScience,KangDaCollegeofNanjingMedicalUniversity,Lianyungang222000,China)
The character of probability maximum value for negative binomial distribution was explored. The probability maximum value for negative binomial distribution was a function ofpandr, wherepwas the probability of success for each test, andrwas the number of the first successful test.It was a monotonically increasing continuous function ofpwhenrwas given,only (r-1)/pwas a integer, its derivative did not exist, and a monotone decreasing function ofrwhenpwas given.
negative binomial distribution; maximum probability; monotonicity
2016-03-06
丁勇(1956—),男,江蘇淮安人,教授,主要從事生物統(tǒng)計(jì)研究,E-mail:yding@njmu.edu.cn.
0211.1
A
1671-6841(2016)03-0047-04
10.13705/j.issn.1671-6841.2016050
引用本文:丁勇.負(fù)二項(xiàng)分布概率最大值的性質(zhì)[J].鄭州大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(理學(xué)版),2016,48(3):47-50.