文/梅州市平遠(yuǎn)縣田家炳中學(xué) 陳紅詠
優(yōu)化教學(xué)設(shè)計,構(gòu)建高效英語課堂
文/梅州市平遠(yuǎn)縣田家炳中學(xué)陳紅詠
使用人教版 《新目標(biāo)英語》以來,我在自己上課或聽課過程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)課堂教學(xué)中詞匯教學(xué)費時多,學(xué)生進(jìn)行語言能力培養(yǎng)的時間相對少了;部分教材的編排不太恰當(dāng),有的內(nèi)容太零碎,缺乏整體性,有的內(nèi)容編排輕重不一?;谶@種現(xiàn)象,我們有必要通過優(yōu)化教學(xué)設(shè)計來提高課堂效率。
通過一節(jié)課使每個學(xué)生個體都有所發(fā)展,這樣的課堂稱之為高效課堂?!案咝дn堂”主要涉及兩個方面的研究:教師與學(xué)生,即教與學(xué)以及兩者之間的相互關(guān)系。打造高效課堂不僅僅是讓學(xué)生能學(xué)有所獲,教師也能在教學(xué)中實現(xiàn)成長找到成就感,形成 “學(xué)生樂學(xué),教師樂教”的良好局面。
一、優(yōu)化教學(xué)設(shè)計
1.學(xué)段教學(xué)全面規(guī)劃。隨著教師教齡的變化,在教學(xué)中考慮的學(xué)段也是不同的,一個優(yōu)秀的教師可以考慮到三年的學(xué)段,而教師在教學(xué)中考慮的最小范圍是一本書(一個模塊),這個模塊中涉及到哪些話題,哪些語言知識,需要教師整體考慮。
2.單元教學(xué)要整體安排。每一單元有個話題 (topic),整個單元都圍繞這個話題開展,教師需要考慮所教內(nèi)容在整個單元中處于什么位置,對前面已學(xué)知識和將要學(xué)到的知識有整體安排。然后想到課堂教學(xué)優(yōu)化設(shè)計,這樣課堂優(yōu)化設(shè)計就有了前面的基礎(chǔ),為后面進(jìn)一步的學(xué)習(xí)也奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
3.課堂教學(xué)優(yōu)化設(shè)計。課堂教學(xué)設(shè)計前必須回答的問題:學(xué)生將要學(xué)什么?學(xué)生學(xué)完后將能做哪些他們以前不會做或做不好的事?在教學(xué)之前就想到最終結(jié)果,在教學(xué)中不斷鋪墊,為學(xué)生搭建臺階,以達(dá)到期待的教學(xué)結(jié)果。在做教學(xué)設(shè)計前首先要明確學(xué)習(xí)哪些內(nèi)容,學(xué)生會做哪些事情,這些事情是否能成功既基于對該內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí),也基于教師的鋪墊。教師從所期待的結(jié)果進(jìn)行逆推,就使課程非常順利,輸入輸出就能一致,為學(xué)生提供必要的學(xué)習(xí)的幫助,那么這節(jié)課就能成為一個師生互動的、達(dá)成教學(xué)目標(biāo)的課。
以 《新目標(biāo)英語》八年級上Unit 1“Where did you go on vacation?”Section B的教學(xué)實踐為例,談?wù)勎以谝栽掝}為主線的單元整體教學(xué)方面的嘗試。
自主設(shè)計題目:My trip to Beijing
Step 1Warm ing up
(1)Teacheruses the flash cards and gets students to go over the verbs’past form.eg:go—went,am(is)—was,are—were.
(2)Teachersays:in Section A,we talked about people’s vacation. We know,some people would like to stay at home,do some washing,watch TV,read books and have a goodrest for vacation.However,some people would like to go out to enjoy some interesting places for their vacation.Now,what do you usually do for your vacation?Where would you like to go on vacation?I have some pictures of world’s interesting places.Look at the screen and let’s enjoy these interesting places.
(3)Teacher shows PPT about “the statue of liberty”.
T:Which place is it?
Ss:It’s the statue of liberty.
T:Where is it?
Ss:It’s in New York city in the USA.
(Teacher showsmore pictures such as Big Ben,Eiffel tower,Sydney Opera,etc)
(4)Students do pairwork
—Wheredid yougoonvacation?
—Iwent to…
—Did you go to…?
—Yes,Idid./No,I didn’t.
—How great!/Whata pity!
Step 2 Leading-in
T:Let’s look at another picture.Which place is it?Where is it?(Ss…).LastMay day,Iwent to Beijing.I knew something about Beijing’s interesting places,Beijing’s food,people…Do you want to enjoy my trip to Beijing and know more about Beijing?
Step 3 Presentation
T:What’s this?(Show a picture of Beijing duck)
Ss:It is Beijing duck.
T:How was Beijing duck?
Ss:itwas delicious.
Step 4 Practice(pair work)
—Hi,Lucy.
—Hi,Mary.
—How’s itgoing?
—Pretty good.
—Where did you go on vacation?
—Iwent to Beijing.
—Did you visit the greatwall?
…
Step 5 Listening
Play the tape and Ss do listening on P 62,2b,2c.
(1)First try to get the Ss to listen,then answer two questions.
(2)Listen again and choose the correctwordswhich you hear:
her vacation:great/terrible
the people:warm/friendly/unfriendly
the food:delicious/awful
the stores:expensive/cheap
Step 6 Task Reading
Task1:Teacher shows the PPT (a readingmaterial about traveling),Ss try to read and find the answers to the questions that are given by the teacher.
Task2:Look atyourbooks P 63. Thereare three diariesaboutBob.Now read them quickly then find the followinganswers to thequestions.(Teacher showsquestionson the PPT)
T:After reading,can you find what kindof writing way it is?(Ss:….)
T:Well,it’s a diary.(Talks more abouthow to write a diary)
Step 7 W riting—My trip to Beijing
T:Now,we have learnedmore about Beijing.Let’s write a diary aboutmy trip to Beijing,open your books and try to finish the writing (Students’books 3b).
通過話題教學(xué),學(xué)生在情景中使用英語,實現(xiàn)了話題課多維信息的互動,實現(xiàn)了以讀促說、以讀促寫、以寫促讀。學(xué)習(xí)興趣得到了極大的發(fā)揮,學(xué)習(xí)的積極性得到了最大限度的調(diào)動。
責(zé)任編輯魏文琦