于輝,襲楊,李艷鳳,李欣,朱桂英
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環(huán)境毒素對(duì)生物種群影響的隨機(jī)延遲微分方程模型分析
于輝,襲楊,李艷鳳,李欣,朱桂英
(黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué) 理學(xué)院,黑龍江 大慶 163319)
在環(huán)境毒素對(duì)生物種群影響的經(jīng)典模型基礎(chǔ)上,引入布朗運(yùn)動(dòng)模擬客觀存在的隨機(jī)干擾因素,且考慮到延遲因素,從而構(gòu)造了環(huán)境毒素對(duì)生物種群影響的隨機(jī)延遲微分方程模型,并證明了該模型全局正解的存在性、隨機(jī)有界性和漸近性質(zhì).
環(huán)境毒素;生物種群;隨機(jī)微分方程;延遲
隨著全球環(huán)境污染的加劇和環(huán)保意識(shí)的提高,通過建立數(shù)學(xué)模型的方法研究空氣污染對(duì)生物種群的影響成為生物數(shù)學(xué)研究的一個(gè)重要內(nèi)容[1].關(guān)于環(huán)境毒素對(duì)生物種群影響模型的研究取得了一定的進(jìn)展[2-5],文獻(xiàn)[6-9]研究環(huán)境毒素對(duì)關(guān)系密切的2個(gè)生物種群影響模型,文獻(xiàn)[10]建立了工業(yè)污染背景下物種的生存狀況模型,文獻(xiàn)[11-12]研究了維被污染生態(tài)系統(tǒng)模型.檢索現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),研究環(huán)境毒素對(duì)生物種群影響的模型都是確定性的微分方程.
事實(shí)上,在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)化發(fā)展過程中,各種形式的隨機(jī)干擾無處不在,如空氣相對(duì)濕度、大氣壓、風(fēng)速、空氣逆溫層、日照、生活及工業(yè)廢氣排放量、植被吸附能力等隨機(jī)因素的變化都會(huì)影響到霧霾的濃度、狀態(tài)、危害性等各方面的不確定性變化以及生物種群的免疫力、出生率和死亡率等不可預(yù)期性結(jié)果[13].
這些因素在現(xiàn)有技術(shù)條件下無法控制,不可忽略且具有隨機(jī)變化性,該類隨機(jī)變化的干擾因素綜合起來可看成是環(huán)境白噪聲(即環(huán)境中各種細(xì)小噪音干擾的綜合.由大數(shù)定律可知,這些常見的各種細(xì)小噪音干擾的綜合將會(huì)服從正態(tài)分布,這種噪音被稱為白噪聲.理想的白噪聲在數(shù)學(xué)中是不存在的,對(duì)白噪聲最好的近似就是用布朗運(yùn)動(dòng)或者維納過程的形式導(dǎo)數(shù)來進(jìn)行模擬).研究表明,環(huán)境白噪聲會(huì)不同程度地影響到增長(zhǎng)率、環(huán)境容納量、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)系數(shù)和其它系統(tǒng)參數(shù)[14-17],而且生物種群個(gè)體數(shù)目往往也沒有達(dá)到近似看成確定性系統(tǒng)的要求,研究過程中若忽略這些隨機(jī)因素的作用,可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生較大的偏差,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的隨機(jī)波動(dòng)是明顯而不容忽視的.因此,有必要在確定性微分方程模型的基礎(chǔ)上引入布朗運(yùn)動(dòng)模擬的環(huán)境白噪聲.通常情況下,環(huán)境中砷、鉛和汞等重金屬毒素進(jìn)入生物種群后,只有經(jīng)歷積累、化合作用等過程之后,其危害性才得以體現(xiàn)[18-20].這在時(shí)間上有一定的延遲量[21-24],因而生物種群的生理指標(biāo)及癥狀不僅依賴于當(dāng)前時(shí)刻的狀態(tài),而且依賴于過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)或者某個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)的狀態(tài).
本文在空氣污染的背景下,從隨機(jī)和延遲角度拓展并深化原有生物模型,建立環(huán)境毒素對(duì)生物種群影響的隨機(jī)延遲微分方程模型,并研究所建立模型的隨機(jī)動(dòng)力學(xué)性質(zhì).
1環(huán)境毒素對(duì)生物種群影響的模型
模型方程(1)的矩陣形式為
2全局正解的存在唯一性
將式(6)代入式(5),有
3隨機(jī)有界性
定義[26]任取和初始函數(shù),如果存在正數(shù),使得方程(1)的解滿足
則稱方程(1)具有隨機(jī)有界性.
其中:
這里
由式(12)可知
4隨機(jī)漸近性
定理1~3表明,所建立的環(huán)境毒素對(duì)生物種群影響的模型(1)具有一定的理論可行性.
5結(jié)束語
在環(huán)境毒素對(duì)生物種群影響的確定性模型基礎(chǔ)上,從隨機(jī)和延遲角度拓展并深化原有生物模型,建立環(huán)境毒素對(duì)生物種群影響的隨機(jī)延遲微分方程模型,并研究了所建立模型的全局正解存在性、隨機(jī)有界性和漸近性質(zhì),從而表明了該模型的理論可行性.該類模型既體現(xiàn)了環(huán)境毒素對(duì)生物種群影響的主導(dǎo)因素又包容了隨機(jī)因素的影響和客觀存在的延遲因素,進(jìn)一步描述了環(huán)境毒素對(duì)生物種群的影響,期望為環(huán)境污染的治理提供更合理、更接近實(shí)際狀況的理論依據(jù).
數(shù)學(xué)模型的發(fā)展過程是一個(gè)逐漸客觀地接近事物真相的過程,隨著環(huán)境污染治理技術(shù)和相關(guān)學(xué)科理論的發(fā)展,關(guān)于環(huán)境毒素對(duì)生物種群影響的數(shù)學(xué)模型的建立及其性質(zhì)的探索和研究將有很大的空間.
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技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(szdfy-2015-48)——環(huán)境毒素對(duì)生物種群影響的隨機(jī)模型研究;大慶哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)規(guī)劃研究項(xiàng)目——大慶產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型模式的分析及其隨機(jī)模型的構(gòu)建
Model analysis of stochastic delay differential equations for the effect of environmental toxin to species population
YU Hui,XI Yang,LI Yan-feng,LI Xin,ZHU Gui-ying
(School of Science,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China)
On the basis of the classical models of the effect of environmental toxin to species population,the model of stochastic delay differential equations for the effect of environmental toxin to species population was constructed in the presence of Brown motion to simulate the objective stochastic factors and in consideration of the delay.The existence of the global positive solutions,stochastic boundedness and the asymptotic property was then given for such model.
environmental toxin;species population;stochastic differential equation;delay
O211.63∶Q-332
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9831.2016.03.002
2015-12-01
黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)學(xué)成、引進(jìn)人才科研啟動(dòng)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(XDB2014-16)——隨機(jī)微分方程的數(shù)值解法及其應(yīng)用;大慶市指導(dǎo)性科
于輝(1979-),女,山東鄆城人,講師,博士,從事隨機(jī)微分方程研究.E-mail:yuhui163@163.com