李文鳳,　尹　炯,　黃應(yīng)昆,　王曉燕,　羅志明,　張榮躍,　單紅麗

(云南省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院甘蔗研究所, 開遠(yuǎn)　661699)

?

甘蔗螟蟲為害損失研究

李文鳳,尹炯,黃應(yīng)昆*,王曉燕,羅志明,張榮躍,單紅麗

(云南省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院甘蔗研究所, 開遠(yuǎn)661699)

為明確田間自然條件下多種蔗螟混合發(fā)生為害時(shí)甘蔗實(shí)測產(chǎn)量及糖分損失情況,給甘蔗螟蟲的科學(xué)有效防控提供理論依據(jù)和詳實(shí)的實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù),本研究于2012—2013年在蔗螟發(fā)生嚴(yán)重蔗區(qū),選擇主栽品種, 同田設(shè)立并調(diào)查防治區(qū)和不治區(qū)螟害枯心苗率、螟害株率及螟害節(jié)率和有效莖數(shù),甘蔗成熟期分別收砍稱量和測定分析甘蔗產(chǎn)量及糖分,并計(jì)算甘蔗實(shí)測產(chǎn)量及糖分損失。螟害調(diào)查結(jié)果表明,多種蔗螟混合發(fā)生為害嚴(yán)重,螟害枯心苗率為8.3%～65.8%、螟害株率為26.7%～96.7%、螟害節(jié)率為4.4%～27.9%;667 m2有效莖數(shù)減少296～1 846條,平均1 111.3條。甘蔗實(shí)測產(chǎn)量及糖分損失結(jié)果顯示,667 m2甘蔗實(shí)測產(chǎn)量減少354.7～ 4 706.7 kg,平均1 822.2 kg;甘蔗產(chǎn)量損失率為5.3%～44.5%,平均25.9%;甘蔗出汁率減少0.9%～3.8%,平均2.4%;甘蔗糖分降低0.8%～5.6%,平均2.2%;蔗汁錘度降低0.8～6.3°BX,平均2.1°BX;蔗汁重力純度降低1.1%～12.5%,平均4.1%;而蔗汁還原糖分則增加0.1%～1.6%,平均0.6%?？梢?目前云南甘蔗主產(chǎn)區(qū)存在多種蔗螟混合發(fā)生為害,甘蔗減產(chǎn)減糖嚴(yán)重,甘蔗螟害已成為現(xiàn)階段嚴(yán)重影響甘蔗高產(chǎn)、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)的主要障礙之一,切實(shí)加強(qiáng)甘蔗螟蟲的科學(xué)有效防控,減少為害損失,對(duì)確保甘蔗生產(chǎn)安全和蔗糖產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。

甘蔗螟蟲;發(fā)生為害;甘蔗產(chǎn)量和糖分;損失評(píng)估

甘蔗螟蟲是為害甘蔗的主要害蟲,在各甘蔗種植區(qū)普遍發(fā)生,嚴(yán)重影響甘蔗的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)[1-2]。尤其近年來,由于持續(xù)暖冬和蔗區(qū)間相互引種,廣西、云南、廣東、海南等甘蔗產(chǎn)區(qū)為害甘蔗的螟蟲種類及發(fā)生為害情況發(fā)生了明顯變化,主要表現(xiàn)為多種螟蟲混合發(fā)生,蟲口密度逐年增高,苗期枯心率和中后期螟害株率急劇上升,甘蔗產(chǎn)量和糖分損失逐年加重,給甘蔗產(chǎn)區(qū)造成了巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)損失[3-7]。研究不同蔗區(qū)、不同時(shí)期、不同程度螟害造成的甘蔗產(chǎn)量和糖分損失,是制訂相應(yīng)的防治策略和綜合防治措施,科學(xué)有效地防控甘蔗螟蟲的基礎(chǔ)和關(guān)鍵。甘蔗整個(gè)生長期均會(huì)受到螟蟲為害,苗期受害造成枯心,有效苗量及有效莖數(shù)減少；生長中后期螟蟲鉆蛀蔗莖,破壞蔗莖組織,影響甘蔗拔節(jié)生長,導(dǎo)致甘蔗產(chǎn)量和糖分下降[8-10]。受害嚴(yán)重時(shí)苗期枯心率達(dá)30%以上、螟害株率達(dá)40%以上[11-13]。目前,在田間多種螟蟲混合發(fā)生的情況下未見對(duì)甘蔗實(shí)測產(chǎn)量損失評(píng)估研究的報(bào)道,缺乏相關(guān)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)。本文通過對(duì)田間自然條件下多種螟蟲混合發(fā)生為害對(duì)甘蔗實(shí)測產(chǎn)量及糖分損失的影響進(jìn)行評(píng)估研究,明確不同為害程度下甘蔗實(shí)測產(chǎn)量及糖分損失,為甘蔗螟蟲的科學(xué)有效防控提供理論依據(jù)和詳實(shí)的實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)。

1　材料與方法

1.1田間試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)

2012年和2013年,分別在甘蔗螟蟲發(fā)生普遍、為害嚴(yán)重的云南耿馬、勐永、雙江、勐堆蔗區(qū),選擇主栽品種‘ROC22’、‘ROC25’、‘粵糖83-88’、‘粵糖93-159’、‘粵糖00-236’、‘盈育91-59’,新植/宿根蔗進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)地常年種植甘蔗,地塊土質(zhì)、肥力、水肥管理及蔗苗長勢均較一致。供試驗(yàn)蔗田面積 1 000～2 000 m2不等, 每塊田一分為二, 設(shè)立防治區(qū)和不治區(qū)(對(duì)照區(qū))。防治區(qū)采用3.6%殺蟲雙顆粒劑6 kg/667 m2,于2-3月結(jié)合新植蔗下種、宿根蔗松蔸和5-6月結(jié)合甘蔗培土2次施藥防治甘蔗螟蟲。按667 m2用藥量與施肥量將藥劑和肥料混合均勻后,均勻撒施于蔗溝、蔗蔸或蔗株基部，并及時(shí)覆土或蓋膜。不治區(qū)(對(duì)照區(qū))不施藥只施肥,其他栽培管理措施按當(dāng)?shù)爻Ｒ?guī)生產(chǎn)方法進(jìn)行。

1.2螟害調(diào)查

1.2.1螟害枯心苗率

于6月螟害枯心苗穩(wěn)定期分別調(diào)查防治區(qū)和不治區(qū)(對(duì)照區(qū))螟害枯心苗率。采用5點(diǎn)取樣,每點(diǎn)100苗,共計(jì)500苗,分別調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)總苗數(shù)和枯心苗數(shù),計(jì)算枯心苗率。計(jì)算公式如下:

枯心苗率(%)=枯心苗數(shù)/調(diào)查總苗數(shù)×100。

1.2.2螟害株率和螟害節(jié)率

于12月甘蔗成熟期分別調(diào)查防治區(qū)和不治區(qū)(對(duì)照區(qū))螟害株率和螟害節(jié)率。采用5點(diǎn)取樣,每點(diǎn)20株,共計(jì)100株,將甘蔗葉鞘從下到上逐葉剝開,一直剝到綠葉部分,分別調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)總株數(shù)和螟害株數(shù),計(jì)算螟害株率;同時(shí)從中隨機(jī)調(diào)查20株,分別記錄每株總節(jié)數(shù)和螟害節(jié)數(shù),計(jì)算螟害節(jié)率。

螟害株率(%)=螟害株數(shù)/調(diào)查總株數(shù)×100;

螟害節(jié)率(%)=螟害節(jié)數(shù)/調(diào)查總節(jié)數(shù)×100。

1.3有效莖數(shù)測定

于12月甘蔗成熟期分別測定防治區(qū)和不治區(qū)(對(duì)照區(qū))有效莖數(shù)。采用3點(diǎn)取樣,每點(diǎn)測量5行甘蔗的平均行距,每行選10 m行長計(jì)數(shù)總有效莖數(shù),按以下公式計(jì)算667 m2有效莖。

667 m2有效莖(條)=[(總有效莖數(shù)(條)/50)×667(m2)]/平均行距(m)。

1.4甘蔗產(chǎn)量和糖分損失測定

1.4.1甘蔗產(chǎn)量損失測定

于1月甘蔗成熟收獲期分別實(shí)測防治區(qū)和不治區(qū)(對(duì)照區(qū))甘蔗產(chǎn)量。采用3點(diǎn)取樣,每點(diǎn)66 m2,分別收砍稱量蔗莖產(chǎn)量,計(jì)算產(chǎn)量損失率。

1.4.2甘蔗糖分損失測定

于1月甘蔗成熟收獲期分別測定防治區(qū)和不治區(qū)(對(duì)照區(qū))甘蔗糖分。采用3點(diǎn)取樣,每點(diǎn)砍取10條有代表性的蔗莖,按全國甘蔗糖業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化與質(zhì)量檢測中心制定的二次旋光法,采用美國Rudolph,Autopol 880+J257全自動(dòng)糖度分析系統(tǒng)測定分析各樣品出汁率(%)、甘蔗糖分(%)、重力純度(%)、還原糖分(%)等品質(zhì)指標(biāo),按“損失量=防治區(qū)-不治區(qū)(對(duì)照區(qū))”計(jì)算各指標(biāo)的損失量。

2　結(jié)果與分析

2.1發(fā)生的甘蔗螟蟲種類及種群結(jié)構(gòu)

從螟害調(diào)查結(jié)果來看,試驗(yàn)蔗區(qū)主要以黃螟(蔗小卷蛾)[Tetramoeraschistaceana(Snellen)]、條螟[Chilosacchariphagus(Bojer)]、二點(diǎn)螟(ChiloinfuscatellusSnellen)、大螟(稻蛀莖夜蛾)[Sesamiainferens(Walker)]、紅尾白禾螟(ScirpophagaintactaSnellen)、臺(tái)灣稻螟(ChiloauriciliusDudgeon)等6 種蔗螟混合發(fā)生。其中耿馬蔗區(qū)以二點(diǎn)螟、條螟為主，占80.5%,勐永蔗區(qū)以黃螟、條螟為主，占90.6%,雙江蔗區(qū)以黃螟、二點(diǎn)螟為主，占85.2%,勐堆蔗區(qū)以黃螟、大螟為主，占75.9%。

2.2甘蔗螟蟲為害對(duì)甘蔗產(chǎn)量的影響

甘蔗螟害調(diào)查及蔗莖產(chǎn)量測定結(jié)果如表1。從表1可以看出,不同蔗區(qū)不同田塊甘蔗螟蟲發(fā)生為害程度不一,螟害枯心苗率從8.3%～65.8%、螟害株率從26.7%～96.7%、螟害節(jié)率從4.4%～27.9%不等(圖1)。不同為害程度甘蔗有效莖數(shù)及甘蔗產(chǎn)量損失不一,其中667 m2有效莖數(shù)減少296～1 846條,平均1 111.3條;667 m2甘蔗實(shí)測產(chǎn)量減少354.7～4 706.7 kg,平均1 822.2 kg;甘蔗產(chǎn)量損失率為5.3%～44.5%,平均25.9%。測定結(jié)果總體趨勢表明,隨著為害率(枯心苗率、螟害株率、螟害節(jié)率)上升,產(chǎn)量損失增大,兩者呈極密切相關(guān)性。

表1　甘蔗螟蟲為害對(duì)甘蔗產(chǎn)量的影響1)

續(xù)表1Table 1 (Continued)

蔗區(qū)Sugarcanefield品種Variety植期Plantperiod處理Treatment枯心苗率/%Percentageofdeadhearts螟害株率/%Percentageofboredstems螟害節(jié)率/%Percentageofboredinternodes有效莖數(shù)/條·(667m2)-1Effectivestem實(shí)測產(chǎn)量/kg·(667m2)-1Measuredyield相對(duì)產(chǎn)量損失率/%Relativeyieldlossrate勐永防治區(qū)2.36.02.272458244.6ROC25新植不治區(qū)22.158.312.963316583.320.1損失量9141661.3防治區(qū)2.46.72.356186489.3ROC25宿根不治區(qū)49.673.310.241584242.934.6損失量14602246.4防治區(qū)1.25.71.467516461.0粵糖00-236新植不治區(qū)14.838.37.261625678.012.1損失量589783.0防治區(qū)2.58.03.266516965.5粵糖00-236宿根不治區(qū)65.866.727.949093963.143.1損失量17423002.3雙江防治區(qū)0.25.31.657513546.4ROC25新植不治區(qū)9.636.79.751473100.012.6損失量604446.4防治區(qū)3.07.32.250515569.9粵糖00-236宿根不治區(qū)54.078.317.033693202.042.5損失量16822367.9防治區(qū)2.56.72.047974817.1ROC22宿根不治區(qū)33.356.712.237073600.025.3損失量10901217.1勐堆防治區(qū)1.36.32.568927157.3ROC25新植不治區(qū)16.848.39.359965778.019.7損失量8961379.4防治區(qū)2.77.73.860517110.0粵糖00-236宿根不治區(qū)58.876.725.944694042.943.4損失量15823067.1防治區(qū)2.07.03.055586985.7ROC22宿根不治區(qū)46.361.717.240764342.937.8損失量14822642.8平均損失量1111.31822.225.9

1) 表中的數(shù)據(jù)是2012年和2013年的數(shù)據(jù)。下同。

The data in the table were collected in 2012 and 2013. The same below.

2.3甘蔗螟蟲為害對(duì)甘蔗品質(zhì)的影響

甘蔗品質(zhì)測定結(jié)果列于表2。從表2可以看出,不治區(qū)受害蔗株的甘蔗出汁率、甘蔗糖分、蔗汁錘度、蔗汁重力純度均比防治區(qū)健康蔗株的低,蔗汁還原糖分則比健康蔗株的高。其中甘蔗出汁率減少0.9%～3.8%,平均2.4%;甘蔗糖分降低0.8%～5.6%,平均2.2%;蔗汁錘度降低0.8～6.3°BX,平均2.1°BX;蔗汁重力純度降低1.1%～12.5%,平均4.1%;而蔗汁還原糖分則增加0.1%～1.6%,平均0.6%。由此可見,甘蔗螟蟲為害均不同程度影響甘蔗品質(zhì),導(dǎo)致出糖率降低,噸糖生產(chǎn)成本上升,糖廠經(jīng)濟(jì)效益受損。

3　結(jié)論與討論

甘蔗螟蟲是在各甘蔗種植區(qū)分布廣泛、為害最普遍而嚴(yán)重的一類鉆蛀性害蟲,易隨引種傳播[1-2]。近年來,由于全球氣候變暖和蔗區(qū)間相互引種,云南、廣西、廣東、海南等甘蔗主產(chǎn)區(qū)為害甘蔗的螟蟲種類及發(fā)生為害情況發(fā)生了明顯變化,甘蔗螟蟲的發(fā)生日趨嚴(yán)重,造成了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。正確認(rèn)識(shí)甘蔗螟蟲對(duì)甘蔗產(chǎn)量及糖分損失的影響具有重要意義。已有研究表明,不同蔗區(qū)、不同時(shí)期甘蔗螟蟲的種類、種群結(jié)構(gòu)及優(yōu)勢種群明顯不同,對(duì)甘蔗的為害程度以及造成的產(chǎn)量和糖分損失也不同[14-19]。因此,明確田間自然條件下多種蔗螟混合發(fā)生為害時(shí)甘蔗實(shí)測產(chǎn)量及糖分損失,可為甘蔗螟蟲的科學(xué)有效防控提供理論依據(jù)和詳實(shí)的實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)。

圖1　甘蔗螟蟲為害癥狀Fig.1　Damage symptom of sugarcane borers

蔗區(qū)Sugarcanefield品種Variety植期Plantperiod處理Treatment甘蔗出汁率/%Juiceyield甘蔗糖分/%Sucrosecontent蔗汁錘度/°BXBrix蔗汁重力純度/%Gravitypurity蔗汁還原糖分/%Reducingsugar耿馬防治區(qū)69.816.322.087.10.2ROC22宿根不治區(qū)67.614.320.385.90.4損失量2.22.01.71.2-0.2防治區(qū)71.117.022.490.00.2粵糖93-159新植不治區(qū)69.415.921.288.80.5損失量1.71.11.21.2-0.3防治區(qū)69.815.520.685.30.5盈育91-59宿根不治區(qū)66.514.219.883.30.8損失量3.31.30.82.0-0.3勐永防治區(qū)71.516.721.889.70.4ROC25新植不治區(qū)67.715.920.988.60.5損失量3.80.80.91.1-0.1防治區(qū)70.417.623.391.00.2粵糖00-236宿根不治區(qū)67.612.017.078.51.8損失量2.85.66.312.5-1.6雙江防治區(qū)72.517.322.891.70.3粵糖00-236新植不治區(qū)70.816.221.690.40.6損失量1.71.11.21.3-0.3防治區(qū)70.016.822.190.70.3ROC25宿根不治區(qū)69.114.720.186.01.0損失量0.92.12.04.7-0.7

續(xù)表2Table 2 (Continued)

蔗區(qū)Sugarcanefield品種Variety植期Plantperiod處理Treatment甘蔗出汁率/%Juiceyield甘蔗糖分/%Sucrosecontent蔗汁錘度/°BXBrix蔗汁重力純度/%Gravitypurity蔗汁還原糖分/%Reducingsugar勐堆防治區(qū)73.516.221.592.50.3ROC22宿根不治區(qū)71.014.620.188.80.8損失量2.51.61.43.7-0.5防治區(qū)71.017.022.391.50.2ROC25宿根不治區(qū)68.213.118.782.61.5損失量2.83.93.68.9-1.3平均損失量2.42.22.14.1-0.6

本研究在田間自然條件下,同田設(shè)立防治區(qū)和不治區(qū)獲得的螟害所致甘蔗產(chǎn)量及糖分損失實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)更接近生產(chǎn)實(shí)際,適用性強(qiáng)。研究結(jié)果顯示,當(dāng)前云南甘蔗主產(chǎn)區(qū)因螟害造成的甘蔗產(chǎn)量及糖分損失相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重,甘蔗實(shí)測產(chǎn)量損失率平均為25.9%,最多的44.5%;甘蔗糖分平均降低2.2%、最多的降低5.6%;蔗汁重力純度平均降低4.1%,最多的降低12.5%。譚裕模等[18]指出廣西甘蔗主產(chǎn)區(qū)螟蟲造成原料蔗平均減產(chǎn)率為14.4%，最高為27.6%；甘蔗糖分損失平均為0.7%，最高為0.8%。黎煥光等[16]報(bào)道全蟲節(jié)段比無蟲節(jié)段甘蔗糖分降低1.5%～2.9%,重力純度降低1.7%～4.3%。楊友軍[20]報(bào)道廣東甘蔗主產(chǎn)區(qū)螟害引起的產(chǎn)量損失在5%～20%之間,糖分降低0.9%。由此可見,目前云南甘蔗主產(chǎn)區(qū)多種蔗螟混合發(fā)生為害嚴(yán)重,螟害造成的甘蔗產(chǎn)量及糖分損失明顯上升,甘蔗螟害已成為現(xiàn)階段嚴(yán)重影響甘蔗高產(chǎn)、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)的主要障礙之一。因此,科學(xué)、有效地防控甘蔗螟蟲發(fā)生為害將是甘蔗產(chǎn)業(yè)提質(zhì)增效和持續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的首要任務(wù)。

甘蔗整個(gè)生長期均會(huì)受到螟蟲為害,苗期受害造成枯心,有效苗量及有效莖數(shù)減少,導(dǎo)致甘蔗減產(chǎn);生長中后期螟蟲鉆蛀蔗莖,破壞蔗莖組織,嚴(yán)重影響甘蔗品質(zhì)。鑒于目前云南甘蔗主產(chǎn)區(qū)多種蔗螟混合發(fā)生,發(fā)生時(shí)期、發(fā)生規(guī)律及生活習(xí)性不一,且具有全生長季為害特點(diǎn)。防治上應(yīng)堅(jiān)持“預(yù)防為主,綜合防治”原則;注重早期預(yù)警監(jiān)測,關(guān)鍵抓好第1代、第2代防治,采取以農(nóng)業(yè)防治為基礎(chǔ),物理防治、生物防治為輔,減少蟲源;同時(shí)苗期、中后期及時(shí)施藥,統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治,達(dá)到持續(xù)、有效控制甘蔗螟蟲發(fā)生為害。

[1]黃應(yīng)昆, 李文鳳. 現(xiàn)代甘蔗病蟲草害原色圖譜[M].北京: 中國農(nóng)業(yè)出版社, 2011.

[2]Mengistu L,Selvaraj T. Diversity of sugarcane borer species and their extent of damage status on cane and sugar yield in three commercial sugarcane plantations of Ethiopia [J].International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 2013, 9(6):1461-1473.

[3]姚全,黃秋瓊,寧準(zhǔn)健,等. 螟蟲、鋸天牛及白蟻對(duì)甘蔗產(chǎn)量和蔗糖分的危害及防治[J].廣西蔗糖, 2006(3): 3-6.

[4]安玉興,管楚雄. 甘蔗病蟲及防治圖譜[M].廣州: 暨南大學(xué)出版社, 2009.

[5]熊國如,李增平,馮翠蓮,等. 海南蔗區(qū)甘蔗害蟲發(fā)生情況及防治對(duì)策[J].熱帶作物學(xué)報(bào), 2010, 31(12):2243-2249.

[6]謝小明,林明江,楊林洪,等.蔗區(qū)螟蟲為害加重原因及防控探討[J].甘蔗糖業(yè), 2012(6):26-29.

[7]李文鳳,單紅麗,黃應(yīng)昆, 等.云南甘蔗主要病蟲害發(fā)生動(dòng)態(tài)與防控對(duì)策[J].中國糖料, 2013(1): 59-62.

[8]馮奕璽.雷州半島蔗區(qū)甘蔗螟蟲發(fā)生危害特點(diǎn)及防治對(duì)策[J].中國糖料, 1999(3):35-38.

[9]張亦誠,易代勇,雷朝云, 等.甘蔗螟蟲的形態(tài)特征、習(xí)性及防治技術(shù)[J].貴州農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué), 2008,36(1): 95-96.

[10]李文鳳,尹炯,黃應(yīng)昆, 等.云南蔗區(qū)甘蔗螟蟲種群結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)態(tài)與防控對(duì)策[J].農(nóng)學(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 2014,4(8):35-38.

[11]潘雪紅,黃誠華,辛德育.甘蔗螟蟲主要優(yōu)勢天敵及其生物防治意義[J].廣西農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué), 2009,40(1):49-52.

[12]盧文潔,徐宏,李文鳳, 等.甘蔗病蟲害防治技術(shù)及高效低毒農(nóng)藥應(yīng)用[J].中國糖料, 2011(3):64-67.

[13]黃應(yīng)昆,李文鳳,申科, 等.云南蔗區(qū)甘蔗螟蟲發(fā)生危害特點(diǎn)與防治[J].中國糖料, 2014(2):68-78.

[14]White W H, Hensley S D. Techniques to quantify the effect ofDiatraeasaccharalis(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on sugarcane quality [J].Field Crops Research, 1987, 15: 341-348.

[15]Milligan S B, Balzarini M, White W H. Broad-sense heritabilities, genetic correlations, and selection indices for sugarcane borer resistance and their relation to yield loss[J].Crop Science, 2003,43(5):1729-1735.

[16]黎煥光,譚裕模, 譚芳, 等.甘蔗生長中后期螟害對(duì)甘蔗品質(zhì)的影響[J].廣西蔗糖, 2007(3):11-16.

[17]White W H, Viator R P, Dufrene E O, et al. Re-evaluation of sugarcane borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) bioeconomics in Louisiana [J].Crop Protection, 2008,27(9):1256-1261.

[18]譚裕模,卓寧,黎煥光, 等.崇左蔗區(qū)螟蟲為害造成產(chǎn)量和糖分損失及生防效果[J].甘蔗糖業(yè), 2011,(4):18-25.

[19]Muhammad R,Rustamani M A,Ahmad N, et al. Effect of different infestation levels ofChiloinfuscatellus(Snellen) on quantity and quality parameters of sugarcane[J].Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2012,8:702-705.

[20]楊友軍.甘蔗螟蟲為害加深原因及防治對(duì)策[J].甘蔗, 2003,10(2):36-38.

(責(zé)任編輯：楊明麗)

Investigation of sugarcane losses caused by sugarcane borers

Li Wenfeng,Yin Jiong,Huang Yingkun,Wang Xiaoyan,Luo Zhiming,Zhang Rongyue,Shan Hongli

(Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan661699, China)

To provide the theoretical basis and detailed measured data for scientific and effective control of sugarcane borers, the yield and sucrose content of sugarcane damaged by mixed sugarcane borers were evaluated under natural field condition. In serious occurrence area of sugarcane borers during 2012 to 2013, the percentages of dead hearts, bored stems, bored internodes and the number of effective stems of main cultivated varieties of sugarcane were investigated respectively in the treated area and the untreated area established in the same field, and sugarcane yield and sucrose content were measured and their losses were calculated at harvest. The results showed that the percentages of dead hearts, bored stems, bored internodes were 8.3%-65.8%, 26.7%-96.7% and 4.4%-27.9%, respectively, and the reduced number of effective stems per 667 m2was 1 111.3 on average, the maximum of 1 846 and the minimum of 296. The reduced measured yield per 667 m2was 1 822.2 kg on average, the maximum of 4 706.7 kg and the minimum of 354.7 kg. The yield loss rate was 25.9% on average, the maximum of 44.5% and the minimum of 5.3%.The reduced juice yield was 2.4% on average, the maximum of 3.8% and the minimum of 0.9%. The reduced sucrose content was 2.2% on average, the maximum of 5.6% and the minimum of 0.8%. The reduced Brix was 2.1°BX on average, the maximum of 6.3°BX and the minimum of 0.8°BX. The reduced gravity purity was 4.1% on average, the maximum of 12.5% and the minimum of 1.1%. However, the increased reducing sugar was 0.6% on average, the maximum of 1.6% and the minimum of 0.1%. The mixed occurrence of various sugarcane borers was serious in current main sugarcane producing areas of Yunnan Province, and sugarcane yield and sucrose content reduced seriously. The sugarcane borers has become one of the main obstacles of sugarcane production. To develop scientific and effective control techniques for sugarcane borers is very important for reducing the losses of sugarcane borers’ damage, and sustainable development of sugar industry.

sugarcane borer;occurrence and damage;sugarcane yield and sugar content;loss assessment

2015-06-25

2015-08-25

國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系(CARS-20-2-2)；云南省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系；云南省科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2013BB013)

E-mail：huangyk64@163.com

S 435.661

A

10.3969/j.issn.0529-1542.2016.04.035