黃南和,林潤杰,孔倩文,譚志發(fā)
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·論著·
中性粒細(xì)胞/淋巴細(xì)胞比值與高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全的關(guān)系研究
黃南和,林潤杰,孔倩文,譚志發(fā)
528400廣東省中山市小欖人民醫(yī)院心血管內(nèi)科(黃南和,林潤杰,孔倩文),超聲科( 譚志發(fā))
【摘要】目的探究中性粒細(xì)胞/淋巴細(xì)胞比值(NLR)與高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全的關(guān)系。方法選取2013年1月—2015年10月在中山市小欖人民醫(yī)院心血管內(nèi)科住院的高血壓患者46例,根據(jù)是否合并左心室舒張功能不全分為對照組(未合并左心室舒張功能不全,n=30)和觀察組(合并左心室舒張功能不全,n=16)。比較兩組患者實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查指標(biāo)〔包括低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、纖維蛋白原(FIB)及C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)〕及超聲心動圖檢查結(jié)果〔包括左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF)、左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑(LVEDd)、左心室收縮末期內(nèi)徑 (LVESd)、室間隔厚度(IVS)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPW)、舒張?jiān)缙贓峰峰速/舒張晚期A峰峰速(E/A)比值、E峰減速時間(EDT)、左房室瓣舒張?jiān)缙谘鞣逅俣?左房室瓣環(huán)舒張?jiān)缙谶\(yùn)動峰速度(E/Ea)〕,比較不同左心室舒張功能不全分級患者NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea及EDT,并分析NLR與E/A比值、E/Ea及EDT的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果觀察組患者HDL-C和TG水平低于對照組(P<0.05);兩組患者LDL-C、FIB、CRP水平比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組患者LVEF、LVEDd及LVESd比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);觀察組患者IVS、LVPW、E/Ea及NLR大于對照組,EDT短于對照組,E/A比值小于對照組(P<0.05)。根據(jù)左心室舒張功能不全分級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將觀察組患者分為Ⅰ級9例,Ⅱ級4例,Ⅲ級3例。Ⅲ級患者NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea大于Ⅰ級和Ⅱ級患者,EDT短于Ⅰ級和Ⅱ級患者(P<0.05);Ⅱ級患者NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea大于Ⅰ級患者,EDT短于Ⅰ級患者(P<0.05)。Pearson直線相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,NLR與E/A比值(r=0.395,P<0.05)、E/Ea(r=0.419,P<0.05)呈正相關(guān),與EDT呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.17,P<0.05)。結(jié)論NLR與高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全嚴(yán)重程度有關(guān),可作為高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全的預(yù)測指標(biāo)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】高血壓;舒張功能不全;中性粒細(xì)胞;淋巴細(xì)胞
黃南和,林潤杰,孔倩文,等.中性粒細(xì)胞/淋巴細(xì)胞比值與高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全的關(guān)系研究[J].實(shí)用心腦肺血管病雜志,2016,24(6):19-22.[www.syxnf.net]
HUANG N H,LIN R J,KONG Q W,et al.Relationship between neutrophils/lymphocyte ratio and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction of patients with hypertension[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2016,24(6):19-22.
高血壓對左心室舒張功能的影響早于收縮功能,且左心室舒張功能不全是射血分?jǐn)?shù)正常的心力衰竭(HF-NEF)患者潛在的病理生理改變[1],故評估左心室舒張功能對預(yù)測高血壓患者早期心功能不全具有重要的臨床意義。目前,臨床診斷左心室舒張功能不全主要依據(jù)超聲心動圖,但因其缺乏特異性表現(xiàn)而常造成漏診,故尋找預(yù)測左心室舒張功能不全的可靠生化指標(biāo)是目前的研究熱點(diǎn)之一。大量研究表明,中性粒細(xì)胞/淋巴細(xì)胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)是外周血管病變、鈣化性主動脈瓣狹窄及冠狀動脈疾病嚴(yán)重程度、危險分層、預(yù)后的預(yù)測指標(biāo)[2-6],其不僅可以預(yù)測心血管疾病,還可以預(yù)測非心臟疾病(包括腫瘤、血液系統(tǒng)疾病、免疫系統(tǒng)疾病、感染性疾病等),但目前國內(nèi)關(guān)于NLR與高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全相關(guān)性的研究報道較少。本研究旨在探討NLR與高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全的關(guān)系,為高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全的診斷提供幫助。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料選取2013年1月—2015年10月在中山市小欖人民醫(yī)院心血管內(nèi)科住院的高血壓患者46例,均為新近診斷為高血壓或已診斷為高血壓但未進(jìn)行藥物治療者?;颊呷朐汉蠹纯绦谐曅膭訄D檢查,根據(jù)是否合并左心室舒張功能不全分為對照組(未合并左心室舒張功能不全,n=30)和觀察組(合并左心室舒張功能不全,n=16)。觀察組中男10例,女6例;平均年齡(50.2±4.3)歲。對照組中男18例,女12例;平均年齡(49.5±7.3)歲。兩組患者性別(χ2=0.027)、年齡(t=0.351)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)正在進(jìn)行藥物治療的高血壓患者;(2)合并腦血管疾病、腫瘤、肝腎功能不全、急慢性感染、血液系統(tǒng)疾病、內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)疾病、免疫系統(tǒng)疾病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、心房顫動、結(jié)締組織疾病、風(fēng)濕性心臟瓣膜病、心肌病、先天性心臟病患者;(3)瓣膜移植術(shù)后患者。
1.2左心室舒張功能不全診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[7](1)有典型的心力衰竭癥狀和體征;(2)左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF)正?;蜉p度下降(≥45%),且左心室不大;(3)有相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)性心臟病存在的證據(jù)(如左心室肥厚、左心房擴(kuò)大)和/或舒張功能不全;(4)經(jīng)超聲心動圖檢查證實(shí)無心臟瓣膜疾病,并排除心包疾病、肥厚型心肌病、限制型(浸潤性)心肌病等。
1.3方法
1.3.1血液標(biāo)本收集及檢測方法所有患者于入院當(dāng)天靜息狀態(tài)下臥位抽取肘靜脈血,采用血細(xì)胞分析儀(日本希斯美康Sysmex XE2100+Sp-1000i)檢測中性粒細(xì)胞、淋巴細(xì)胞,并計(jì)算NLR;同時檢測低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、纖維蛋白原(FIB)及C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)等。
1.3.2超聲心動圖檢查所有患者入院后由中山市小欖人民醫(yī)院經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的超聲科醫(yī)師行超聲心動圖檢查,儀器為美國GE公司生產(chǎn)的Vivid E9彩色多普勒超聲診斷儀,配備頻率為1.7~3.3 MHz的M5S探頭、TDI軟件及Echopac內(nèi)置工作站。檢測LVEF、左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑(LVEDd)、左心室收縮末期內(nèi)徑 (LVESd)、室間隔厚度(IVS)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPW)、舒張?jiān)缙贓峰峰速/舒張晚期A峰峰速(E/A)比值、E峰減速時間(EDT)、左房室瓣舒張?jiān)缙谘鞣逅俣?左房室瓣環(huán)舒張?jiān)缙谶\(yùn)動峰速度(E/Ea)。
1.4左心室舒張功能不全分級Ⅰ級(松弛受損型):年齡<55歲者左房室瓣E/A比值<1或EDT>240 ms,年齡>55歲者E/A比值<0.8、EDT>240 ms;E/A比值正常和/或EDT>240 ms者等容舒張時間(IVRT)>90 ms。Ⅱ級(假性正?;?:左房室瓣E/A比值為1.0~1.5、EDT>240 ms;出現(xiàn)以下任一情況者:IVRT<90 ms或經(jīng)Valsalva動作證實(shí)E/A比值<1。Ⅲ級(限制性充盈):EDT<60 ms,并出現(xiàn)以下一種以上情況者:左心房內(nèi)徑>50 mm,E/A比值>1.5,IVRT<70 ms。
1.5觀察指標(biāo)比較兩組患者實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查指標(biāo)及超聲心動圖檢查結(jié)果,比較不同左心室舒張功能不全分級患者NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea及EDT,并分析NLR與E/A比值、E/Ea及EDT的相關(guān)性。
2結(jié)果
2.1兩組患者實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查指標(biāo)比較觀察組患者HDL-C和TG水平低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組患者LDL-C、FIB、CRP水平比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表1)。
Table1Comparisonoflaboratoryexaminationresultsbetweenthetwogroups
組別例數(shù)LDL-C(mmol/L)HDL-C(mmol/L)TG(mmol/L)FIB(g/L)CRP(mg/L)對照組302.85±0.981.25±0.261.98±0.712.25±0.420.38±0.19觀察組163.04±0.791.07±0.461.67±0.942.40±0.580.39±0.15t值1.3051.4232.7124.3034.562P值0.2670.0380.0160.1060.759
注:LDL-C=低密度脂蛋白膽固醇,HDL-C=高密度脂蛋白膽固醇,TG=三酰甘油,F(xiàn)IB=纖維蛋白原,CRP=C反應(yīng)蛋白;1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa
2.2兩組患者超聲心動圖檢查結(jié)果及NLR比較兩組患者LVEF、LVEDd及LVESd比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);觀察組患者IVS、LVPW、E/Ea及NLR大于對照組,EDT短于對照組,E/A比值小于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表2)。
2.3不同左心室舒張功能不全分級患者NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea及EDT比較根據(jù)左心室舒張功能不全分級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將觀察組患者分為Ⅰ級9例,Ⅱ級4例,Ⅲ級3例。不同左心室舒張功能不全分級患者間NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea及EDT比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);其中Ⅲ級患者NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea大于Ⅰ級和Ⅱ級患者,EDT短于Ⅰ級和Ⅱ級患者,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);Ⅱ級患者NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea大于Ⅰ級患者,EDT短于Ⅰ級患者,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表3)。
Table 3Comparison of NLR,E/A ratio,E/Ea and EDT in hypertension patients with different grades of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction
左心室舒張功能不全分級例數(shù)NLRE/A比值E/EaEDT(ms)Ⅰ級92.70±0.850.77±0.217.20±0.86227.12±11.92Ⅱ級43.80±0.98a1.14±0.26a12.49±1.47a195.25±7.82aⅢ級34.79±0.88ab2.27±0.15ab15.88±3.42ab146.67±12.05abF值6.8954.7936.0947.53P值0.010.000.000.00
注:與Ⅰ級比較,aP<0.05;與Ⅱ級比較,bP<0.05
2.4相關(guān)性分析Pearson直線相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,NLR與E/A比值(r=0.395,P<0.05)、E/Ea(r=0.419,P<0.05)呈正相關(guān),與EDT呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.170,P<0.05)。
3討論
充血性心力衰竭是心血管疾病患者死亡的主要原因之一,而高血壓是心力衰竭的主要病因[8]。高血壓可引起左心室向心性肥厚和心室重構(gòu),導(dǎo)致左心室松弛和充盈受損,即舒張功能不全,且舒張功能不全常發(fā)生在收縮功能不全之前。臨床研究顯示,左心室舒張功能不全患者初期可無明顯的臨床癥狀,而一旦出現(xiàn)心力衰竭癥狀及體征則可能已發(fā)展為舒張期心力衰竭,但采用組織多普勒成像技術(shù)測定左心室壁心肌縱向運(yùn)動時發(fā)現(xiàn),單純舒張功能不全患者存在左心室壁心肌縱向運(yùn)動異常,因此臨床常根據(jù)LVEF將充血性心力衰竭分為收縮期心力衰竭和舒張期心力衰竭,而舒張期心力衰竭又稱為HF-NEF或收縮功能保留的心力衰竭(HF-PSF)[9]。
表2 兩組患者超聲心動圖檢查結(jié)果及NLR比較±s)
注:LVEF=左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù),LVEDd=左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑,LVESd=左心室收縮末期內(nèi)徑,IVS=室間隔厚度,LVPW=左心室后壁厚度,E/A=舒張?jiān)缙贓峰峰速/舒張晚期A峰峰速,E/Ea=左房室瓣舒張?jiān)缙谘鞣逅俣?左房室瓣環(huán)舒張?jiān)缙谶\(yùn)動峰速度,EDT=E峰減速時間,NLR=中性粒細(xì)胞/淋巴細(xì)胞比值
與左心室收縮功能不全相比,左心室舒張功能不全常被臨床醫(yī)生忽略,但其對患者預(yù)后卻具有重要影響。研究表明,左心室舒張功能不全是心力衰竭和心血管不良事件的重要潛在病理生理基礎(chǔ)[10],且其臨床診斷相對困難[11],故常出現(xiàn)漏診。為了提高左心室舒張功能不全已的診斷準(zhǔn)確率,積極尋找可靠的生化指標(biāo)預(yù)測左心室舒張功能不全已成為目前的研究熱點(diǎn)之一。
NLR是新近發(fā)現(xiàn)的能預(yù)測心血管疾病的臨床標(biāo)志物,已廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床。研究表明,NLR在評估冠心病患者病死率、ST抬高型心肌梗死患者發(fā)病率及支架內(nèi)血栓形成發(fā)生風(fēng)險等方面均具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義[12-14],且NLR異常常被認(rèn)為是輕度促炎反應(yīng)所致。促炎反應(yīng)可引起舒張功能不全和HF-PEF患者早期各種炎性標(biāo)志物水平升高[15],故NLR異??赡芘c舒張功能不全有關(guān)。臨床研究顯示,E/A比值、E/Ea及EDT是反映心室舒張功能的常用指標(biāo),其中E/A比值與左心室舒張功能不全分級有關(guān);E/Ea與左心室充盈壓及肺毛細(xì)血管契壓高度相關(guān),能反映早期舒張功能減退情況;當(dāng)心肌松弛性減弱時EDT延長,心肌順應(yīng)性減弱時EDT縮短。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組患者IVS、LVPW、E/Ea及NLR大于對照組,EDT短于對照組,E/A比值小于對照組,提示高血壓患者在心室肥厚現(xiàn)象;且隨著左心室舒張功能不全分級增加患者NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea逐漸增大,EDT逐漸縮短,提示NLR、E/A比值、E/Ea增大及EDT縮短與高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全有關(guān)。本研究進(jìn)行的相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),NLR與E/A值、E/Ea呈正相關(guān),與EDT呈負(fù)相關(guān),提示NLR越高,高血壓患者左心室舒張功能減退程度越嚴(yán)重。
綜上所述,NLR與高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全嚴(yán)重程度有關(guān),且檢測NLR簡單易行、費(fèi)用少,可作為高血壓患者左心室舒張功能不全的預(yù)測指標(biāo),可在基層醫(yī)院推廣應(yīng)用。
作者貢獻(xiàn):黃南和進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)施、資料收集整理、撰寫論文、成文并對文章負(fù)責(zé);林潤杰、譚志發(fā)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)施、評估、資料收集;孔倩文進(jìn)行質(zhì)量控制及審校。
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(本文編輯:謝武英)
【中圖分類號】R 544.1
【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼】A
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2016.06.005
(收稿日期:2016-02-15;修回日期:2016-05-31)
Relationship Between Neutrophils/Lymphocyte Ratio and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction of Patients With Hypertensio
HUANGNan-he,LINRun-jie,KONGQian-wen,TANZhi-fa.
DepartmentofCardiology,XiaolanPeople′sHospitalofZhongshan,Zhongshan528400,China
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between neutrophils/lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction of patients with hypertension.MethodsFrom January 2013 to October 2015 in the Department of Cardiology,Xiaolan People′s Hospital of Zhongshan,a total of 46 patients with hypertension were selected,and they were divided into control group(did not complicated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction,n=30)and observation group(complicated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction,n=16).Laboratory examination results(including LDL-C,HDL-C,TG FIB and CRP)and echocardiography examination results(including LVEF,LVEDd,LVESd,IVS,LVPW,E/A ratio,EDT and E/Ea)were compared between the two groups;NLR,E/A ratio,E/Ea,and EDT were compared in hypertension patients with different grades of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction,and correlation between NLR and E/A ratio,and E/Ea and EDT was respectively analyzed.ResultsHDL-C and TG of observation group were statistically significantly lower than those of control group(P<0.05),while no statistically significant differences of LDL-C,F(xiàn)IB or CRP was found between the two groups(P>0.05).No statistically significant differences of LVEF,LVEDd or LVESd was found between the two groups(P>0.05);IVS,LVPW,E/Ea and NLR of observation group were statistically significantly larger than those of control group,EDT of observation group was statistically significantly shorter than that of control group,while E/A ratio of observation group was statistically significantly smaller than that of control group(P<0.05).According to the grades of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction,patients of observation groups were divided into three subgroups:A group(with Ⅰ-grade left ventricular diastolic dysfunction,n=9),B group(with Ⅱ-grade left ventricular diastolic dysfunction,n=4)and C group(with Ⅲ-grade left ventricular diastolic dysfunction,n=3).NLR,E/A ratio and E/Ea of C group were statistically significantly larger than those of A group and B group,while EDT of observation group was statistically significantly shorter than that of A group and B group,respectively(P<0.05);NLR,E/A ratio and E/Ea of B group were statistically significantly larger than those of A group,while EDT of B group was statistically significantly shorter than that of A group(P<0.05).Pearson linear correlation analysis showed that,NLR was positively correlated with E/A ratio(r=0.395,P<0.05),with E/Ea(r=0.419,P<0.05),respectively,was negatively correlated with EDT(r=-0.17,P<0.05).ConclusionNLR is correlated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction of patients with hypertension,can be used as predictive index of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction of patients with hypertension.
【Key words】Hypertension;Diastolic dysfunction;Neutrophils;Lymphocytes