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rfaE基因通過MAPKs/NF-κB信號通路對副豬嗜血桿菌LOS誘導(dǎo)豬肺泡巨噬細(xì)胞炎癥反應(yīng)中作用的研究

2016-07-16 06:09:06任玉鵬
畜牧獸醫(yī)學(xué)報 2016年5期

曾 澤,何 歡,任玉鵬,岳 華,張 斌

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rfaE基因通過MAPKs/NF-κB信號通路對副豬嗜血桿菌LOS誘導(dǎo)豬肺泡巨噬細(xì)胞炎癥反應(yīng)中作用的研究

曾 澤,何 歡,任玉鵬,岳 華,張 斌*

(西南民族大學(xué)生命科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院,成都610041)

摘 要:作者擬研究rfaE基因在副豬嗜血桿菌(Haemophilus parasuis,HPS)脂寡糖(LOS)刺激豬肺泡巨噬細(xì)胞(PAMs)信號通路分子的轉(zhuǎn)錄表達(dá)和MAPKs/NF-κB信號通路中的作用。提取HPS SC096株及其rfaE基因缺失株(ΔrfaE)和互補(bǔ)株(cΔrfaE)的LOS,分別用5和10μg HPS-LOS、ΔrfaE-LOS和cΔrfaE-LOS刺激PAMs,分別在不同時間點收集細(xì)胞,提取RNA和蛋白質(zhì)。將提取的RNA反轉(zhuǎn)錄成cDNA,運(yùn)用RT-PCR檢測TLR4、MD2、NF-κB、MAP2 K2、ERK、P38和JNK的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平。測定提取蛋白質(zhì)的濃度,利用Western blot方法檢測NF-κB p65/phospho-NF-κB p65、IκBα、ERK1/2、JNK和p38/phospho-p38蛋白的表達(dá)量。結(jié)果表明用5和10 μg HPS-LOS刺激細(xì)胞6、12和24h后,TLR4、MD2、MAP2K2、ERK、P38和JNK的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平均顯著高于ΔrfaE-LOS刺激細(xì)胞后的以上轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的mRNA水平(P<0.05),但NF-κB的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平無顯著差異。另外,用5和10μg HPS-LOS刺激細(xì)胞6和12h后,IκBα蛋白的表達(dá)量顯著低于ΔrfaE-LOS刺激細(xì)胞后的IκBα蛋白的表達(dá)量(P<0.05),NF-κB p65和p38的磷酸化水平及ERK1/2和JNK蛋白的表達(dá)量顯著高于ΔrfaE-LOS刺激細(xì)胞后NF-κB p65和p38的磷酸化水平及ERK1/2和JNK蛋白的表達(dá)量(P<0.05)。同時cΔrfaE-LOS刺激PAMs后TLR4、MD2、MAP2 K2、ERK、P38和JNK的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平以及NF-κB p65和p38的磷酸化水平和IκBα、ERK1/2和JNK蛋白水平能夠恢復(fù)到HPS-LOS水平。以上試驗結(jié)果證實在HPS-LOS誘導(dǎo)的炎癥反應(yīng)中,缺失rfaE基因后通過阻斷MAPKs/NF-κB信號通路以減輕炎癥反應(yīng)。

關(guān)鍵詞:副豬嗜血桿菌;rfaE基因;脂寡糖;mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平;MAPKs/NF-κB信號通路

副豬嗜血桿菌(Haemophilus parasuis,HPS)能引起豬的多發(fā)性漿膜炎、關(guān)節(jié)炎以及腦膜炎為主要特征的豬革拉澤病(Gl?ser’s disease)[12]。HPS分為15個血清型,而且不同血清型間毒力有明顯差異,4型和5型為國內(nèi)流行血清型[1,3]。LOS是革蘭陰性菌外膜的主要成分,在發(fā)病機(jī)制中起著重要的作用[4-6]。LOS由脂質(zhì)A、2-酮-3-脫氧辛酸、庚糖和其他糖基組成[7]。當(dāng)LOS刺激細(xì)胞時,LOS被Toll樣受體4(TLR4)和伴侶分子MD-2識別,通過絲裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)和核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子(NF-κB)信號傳導(dǎo)通路活化多種轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,從而合成并釋放IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α等炎性因子,再通過旁分泌和體循環(huán)作用于其他組織細(xì)胞,引起炎癥反應(yīng)[8]。MAPK和NF-κB是常見的調(diào)節(jié)炎癥反應(yīng)的下游信號傳導(dǎo)通路[9]。NF-κB轉(zhuǎn)錄因子家族由p65(RelA)、RelB、c-Rel、p50和p52組成[10]。MAPK家族由p38MAPK、JNK和ERK組成[11-12]。MAPK和NF-κB能夠共同協(xié)調(diào)促炎細(xì)胞因子的合成和釋放[13]。研究表明在HPS SC096中,缺失rfaE基因后的LOS誘導(dǎo)豬肺泡巨噬細(xì)胞IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平顯著降低[14]。但是,rfaE基因在HPS SC096中LOS誘導(dǎo)炎性因子表達(dá)的作用機(jī)制并不清楚。作者分別運(yùn)用Real-Time PCR方法和Western blot方法檢測HPS-LOS、ΔrfaE-LOS和cΔrfaE-LOS刺激細(xì)胞后信號通路分子的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平和相關(guān)信號通路蛋白的表達(dá)量。以確定rfaE基因在HPS LOS刺激PAMs炎性因子轉(zhuǎn)錄中的作用機(jī)制。

1 材料與方法

1.1 菌種、細(xì)胞

HPS SC096菌株由本實驗室分離保存,HPS 的rfaE基因缺失株(ΔrfaE)及其互補(bǔ)株(cΔrfaE)由本實驗室構(gòu)建并保存[15],PAMs(3D4/2)購自ATCC公司。

1.2 主要試劑

TSA(胰蛋白胨大豆瓊脂)、TSB(胰蛋白胨大豆肉湯)購自青島海博試劑有限公司;新生牛血清購自鄭州佰安生物工程有限公司;NAD(煙酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸)購自北京博奧拓達(dá)科技有限公司,RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基和胎牛血清購自Gibco公司;Prime-ScriptTMRT試劑盒、SYBR premix Ex TaqTM、Taq DNA聚合酶、Trizol等購自寶生物工程(大連)有限公司;RIPA裂解液、PMSF、BCA蛋白濃度測定試劑盒購自上海碧云天生物技術(shù)有限公司。

1.3 LOS的提取及濃度的測定

將-80℃凍存的HPS SC096菌株及ΔrfaE 和cΔrfaE在制備好的TSA(含5%新生牛血清和0.002%NAD)平板上復(fù)蘇,37℃培養(yǎng)18~24h。然后挑取單菌落在TSB(含5%新生牛血清和0.002%NAD)肉湯中于37℃、180r·min-1震蕩培養(yǎng)8~12h。通過熱酚法[16]提取LOS,采用蒽酮法[17]測定所提LOS的濃度。

1.4 豬肺泡巨噬細(xì)胞的培養(yǎng)及誘導(dǎo)

在12孔板上用含10%胎牛血清的RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)液37℃5%CO2培養(yǎng)PAMs。用5和10μg不同劑量的HPS SC096菌株、ΔrfaE和cΔrfaE的LOS,同時設(shè)置空白對照,每種處理細(xì)胞的方法設(shè)置3個平行,在6、12和24h后收集細(xì)胞。

1.5 總RNA的提取與反轉(zhuǎn)錄

加入Trizol收集PAMs,提取細(xì)胞總RNA,溶于20μL DEPC處理水,用于合成cDNA。利用Pri-meScriptTMRT試劑盒將RNA反轉(zhuǎn)錄成cDNA并置于-20℃待用。

1.6 Real-Time PCR

RT-PCR反應(yīng)體系為20μL:cDNA 2μL,SYBR premix Ex TaqTM10μL,引物F/R均為0.5 μL。反應(yīng)條件:預(yù)變性95℃5min;95℃30s,57 ℃31s;共進(jìn)行40個循環(huán),同時用無菌水代替cDNA作為陰性對照,檢測TLR4、MD2、NF-κB、MAP2 K2、ERK、P38和JNK的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平。由于PAMs中核糖體蛋白L4(RPL4)的mRNA能夠穩(wěn)定表達(dá),所以選取RPL4作為管家基因[18]。引物序列見表1,所有引物均由生工生物工程(上海)有限公司合成。

表1 信號通路分子及管家基因引物序列Table 1 Primer sequence of signal molecules and house keeping gene

1.7 Western blot

按照RIPA裂解液說明書提取蛋白質(zhì),并用BCA蛋白質(zhì)濃度測定試劑盒測定提取的蛋白質(zhì)濃度。取40μg蛋白質(zhì)經(jīng)SDS-PAGE電泳后,電轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF膜上,并在5%脫脂乳中室溫封閉2h,TBST清洗3次,每次10min,加入1∶1 000稀釋的一抗(NF-κB p65、phospho-NF-κB p65、IκBα、β-actin、ERK1/2、p38、phospho-p38和JNK購自美國Cell Signaling公司)4℃孵育過夜,TBST清洗3次,每次10min,加入1∶5 000稀釋的辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記的二抗(羊抗兔和羊抗鼠購自美國Abbkine公司)37℃孵育2h,TBST清洗3次,每次10 min,使用ECL試劑盒化學(xué)發(fā)光方法檢測蛋白質(zhì)。

1.8 數(shù)據(jù)分析

本研究所有數(shù)據(jù)用SPSS 16.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析。兩組間比較采用獨立樣本t檢驗,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié) 果

2.1 RT-PCR檢測LOS對PAMs信號通路分子的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平的影響

用5和10μg不同的劑量HPS-LOS、ΔrfaELOS和cΔrfaE-LOS刺激PAMs,用RT-PCR檢測6、12和24h后信號通路分子(TLR4、MD2、NF-κB、MAP2 K2、ERK、P38和JNK)的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平。并對TLR4、MD2、NF-κB、MAP2 K2、ERK、P38和JNK的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平進(jìn)行相對定量分析,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)HPS-LOS刺激細(xì)胞6、12和24h后 TLR4、MD2、MAP2 K2、ERK、P38和JNK的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平顯著高于ΔrfaE-LOS刺激細(xì)胞6、12和24h后TLR4、MD2、MAP2 K2、ERK、P38 和JNK的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平(圖1)(P<0.05)。HPS-LOS刺激細(xì)胞6、12和24h后NF-κB的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平略高于ΔrfaE-LOS刺激細(xì)胞6、12 和24h后NF-κB的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平,但是并無顯著差異。cΔrfaE-LOS刺激PAMs細(xì)胞后所有信號通路分子的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平均恢復(fù)到HPS-LOS刺激PAMs細(xì)胞后信號通路分子的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平。

圖1 LOS刺激PAMs后TLR4、MD2、NF-κB、MAP2K2、ERK、P38和JNK的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平的變化Fig.1 The mRNA transcription level change of TLR4,MD2,NF-κB,MAP2K2,ERK,P38and JNKin PAMs after LOS stimulation

2.2 Western blot檢測LOS對NF-κB和MAPK信號通路的影響

用5和10μg不同的劑量HPS-LOS、ΔrfaELOS和cΔrfaE-LOS刺激PAMs,用Western blot檢測6和12h后NF-κB p65/phospho-NF-κB p65、 IκBα、ERK1/2、JNK和p38/phospho-p38的蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)量。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)HPS-LOS刺激PAMs 6和12h 后IκBα的蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)量顯著低于ΔrfaE-LOS刺激PAMs 6和12h后IκBα的蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)量(圖2)(P<0.05)。HPS-LOS刺激PAMs 6和12h后NF-κB p65/phospho-NF-κB p65、ERK1/2、JNK和p38/phospho-p38的蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)量顯著高于ΔrfaE-LOS刺激PAMs 6和12h后NF-κB p65/phospho-NF-κB p65、ERK1/2、JNK和p38/phospho-p38的蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)量(P<0.05)。cΔrfaE-LOS刺激PAMs細(xì)胞后NF-κB p65/phospho-NF-κB p65、IκBα、ERK1/2、JNK和p38/phospho-p38的蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)水平均恢復(fù)到HPS-LOS刺激PAMs細(xì)胞后蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)水平。

圖2 rfaE基因在HPS LOS誘導(dǎo)PAMs激活NF-κB和MAPKs信號通路中的作用Fig.2 The effects of rfaEon the nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)signaling pathway in HPS LOS-induced PAMs

3 討 論

LOS作為革蘭陰性菌外膜的主要組成部分,已被證實為一種高效促炎因子[19]。研究表明LOS在豬腦微血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞(PBMEC)、新生豬氣管上皮細(xì)胞(NPTr)、PAMs均能引起炎癥反應(yīng)[17,20-21]。LOS能夠誘導(dǎo)PAMs引起炎癥反應(yīng)并分泌多種促炎細(xì)胞因子和趨化因子[17]。當(dāng)細(xì)胞被LOS刺激時,LOS被細(xì)胞表面分子TLR4和MD-2識別,然后激活NF-κB和MAPKs信號通路分泌并釋放炎性細(xì)胞因子[8]。NF-κB是促炎細(xì)胞因子表達(dá)中重要的調(diào)節(jié)器。在靜息細(xì)胞中,NF-κB活動被IκBα抑制,IκBα是一種抑制蛋白,能夠讓NF-κB在細(xì)胞質(zhì)中保持沉默狀態(tài),當(dāng)細(xì)胞被LOS刺激時,IκBα蛋白量的降低及其磷酸化導(dǎo)致自由NF-κB從細(xì)胞質(zhì)運(yùn)動到細(xì)胞核,在細(xì)胞核中,NF-κB p65亞基磷酸化參與引起某些基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄[2223]。研究表明,MAPKs的激活參與調(diào)節(jié)了LOS誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞毒性因子和細(xì)胞促炎因子的釋放[24]。重要的MAPKs家族蛋白p38,JNK和ERK在調(diào)節(jié)炎癥反應(yīng)的過程中是針對NF-κB的調(diào)節(jié)介質(zhì)[25]。但是,rfaE基因在HPS SC096 中LOS誘導(dǎo)炎性因子表達(dá)的作用機(jī)制并不清楚。

本研究運(yùn)用LOS誘導(dǎo)PAMs炎癥反應(yīng)模型檢測缺失rfaE基因之后信號通路分子(TLR4、MD2、NF-κB、MAP2 K2、ERK、P38和JNK)的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平和相關(guān)信號通路蛋白(p-p65/p65、IκBα、ERK1/2、p-p38/p38和JNK)的表達(dá)量。研究結(jié)果表明在HPS-LOS誘導(dǎo)PAMs炎癥反應(yīng)過程中,缺失rfaE基因之后TLR4、MD2、MAP2 K2、ERK、P38和JNK的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平明顯降低,IκBα蛋白量顯著升高,p65和p38的磷酸化水平明顯降低,ERK1/2和JNK的蛋白量顯著降低。這證實了在LOS誘導(dǎo)PAMs炎癥反應(yīng)中,缺失rfaE基因之后NF-κB的活性被IκBα蛋白量升高,p65和p38磷酸化水平降低以及JNK和ERK蛋白量降低而抑制,從而抑制了TLR4、MD2、MAP2 K2、ERK、P38和JNK的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄。之前研究表明缺失rfaE基因之后HPS的LOS糖鏈變短,在HPS-LOS誘導(dǎo)PAMs炎癥反應(yīng)模型中,缺失rfaE基因之后TNF-α、IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8的mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平明顯降低[14-15]。rfaE基因編碼的ADP-L-甘油-D-甘露庚糖參與了核心多糖中 L-甘油-D-甘露庚糖(HEP)的合成[26-27],推測缺失rfaE基因之后HPS核心多糖中L-甘油-D-甘露庚糖(HEP)的合成受阻導(dǎo)致了LOS糖鏈變短[15],從而使HPS-LOS誘導(dǎo)PAMs炎癥反應(yīng)的能力顯著降低,然而在這個炎癥反應(yīng)過程中是通過抑制NF-κB和MAPKs信號通路活性來抑制下游轉(zhuǎn)錄活性,使炎性細(xì)胞因子的轉(zhuǎn)錄顯著降低。

4 結(jié) 論

rfaE基因通過調(diào)節(jié)NF-κB和MAPKs信號通路活性來影響HPS-LOS誘導(dǎo)PAMs炎癥反應(yīng)。

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(編輯 白永平)

The Effect of rfaEGene in Haemophilus parasuis Lipooligosaccharide Induced Inflammation via the MAPKs/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages

ZENG Ze,HE Huan,REN Yu-peng,YUE Hua,ZHANG Bin*
(College of Life Science and Technology,Southwest University for Nationalities,Chengdu610041,China)

Abstract:The aim of this study was to study the role of rfaEgene in Haemophilus parasuis lipooligosaccharide(LOS)which induced signal molecules mRNA transcription and MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways in porcine alveolar macrophages(PAMs).The LOS of H.parasuis SC096 strain,rfaEmutant and its complementation was extracted.The PAMs were stimulated with LOS (5and 10μg)from H.parasuis SC096,ΔrfaE mutant(ΔrfaE)and its complementation (cΔrfaE)for different time points.The RNA and protein was extracted from the collected cells.The extracted RNA was reversed into cDNA.The mRNA transcription of TLR4,MD2,NF-κB,MAP2 K2,ERK,P38and JNKwere then detected by Real-time PCR.The protein of NF-κB p65/Phospho-NF-κB p65,IκBα,ERK,JNK and p38/Phospho-p38were detected by western blot.The results showed that the mRNA transcription of TLR4,MD2,MAP2 K2,ERK,P38and JNKin PAMs induced by 5and 10μg HPS-LOS for 6,12and 24hwere up-regulated,and significantly higher than that in PAMs induced by 5and 10μgΔrfaE-LOS(P<0.05).The mRNA transcription of NF-κB in PAMs induced by 5and 10μg HPS-LOS for 6,12and 24hwere higher than that in PAMs induced by 5and 10μgΔrfaE-LOS,but no significant difference was observed.The protein of IκBαin PAMs induced by 5and 10μg HPS-LOS for 6and 12hwere significantly lower than that in PAMs induced by 5and 10μgΔrfaE-LOS(P<0.05).The p65phosphorylation,p38 phosphorylation,ERK and JNK in PAMs induced by 5and 10μg HPS-LOS for 6and 12hwere significantly higher than that in PAMs induced by 5and 10μgΔrfaE-LOS(P<0.05).At the same time,the signal molecules mRNA transcription level and the protein level in PAMs induced by cΔrfaE-LOS can restore to the level in PAMs induced by HPS-LOS.The date confirmed that the loss of rfaEgene could effectively reduced the inflammatory process in PAMs induced by HPS-LOS by blocking the MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways.

Key words:Haemophilus parasuis;rfaEgene;lipooligosaccharide;mRNA transcription level;MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways

中圖分類號:S852.613

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A

文章編號:0366-6964(2016)05-0978-07

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.05.015

收稿日期:2015-09-08

基金項目:四川省科技計劃項目青年基金(2014JQ0044);國家自然科學(xué)基金(31302119);四川省教育廳創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊項目(13TD0057);公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(201303034-1);西南民族大學(xué)中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項資金項目(2016NGJPY10)

作者簡介:曾 澤(1991-),女,貴州畢節(jié)人,碩士生,主要從事動物病原分子生物學(xué)研究,E-mail:839017291@qq.com

*通信作者:張 斌,副研究員,E-mail:binovy@sina.com

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