籍萬杰 王玉成

人們有時(shí)為了突出句子的某些成分以加強(qiáng)語氣、增強(qiáng)情感色彩或強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比，常采用強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。在單項(xiàng)填空、語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中都會(huì)涉及對(duì)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的考查。

[考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的基本形式] [1]

強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的基本形式為“it is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他部分”，可以用來強(qiáng)調(diào)主語、賓語、狀語等，不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞。例如：

It was I that met Li Lei in the park yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語）

It was Li Lei that I met in the park yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語）

It was in the park that I met Li Lei yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語）

It was yesterday that I met Li Lei in the park.（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語）

例1 （2014福建卷） It was the culture， rather than the language， ______ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.

解析 that。由結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子的主語，故填that。句意為：是文化而不是語言使他很難適應(yīng)國(guó)外的新環(huán)境。該句去掉it was ... that ...結(jié)構(gòu)后句子依然成立：The culture， rather than the language， made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.

[2][考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句形式]

強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句句型為：is/was it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who ...？例如：

Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy？

例2 （2014四川卷） Was it because Jack came late for school ______ Mr. Smith got angry？

解析 that。由結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，這是一個(gè)一般疑問句形式的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是原因狀語從句，故填that。該句去掉was it ... that ...結(jié)構(gòu)后可還原為：Mr. Smith got angry because Jack came late for school.

[3][考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊疑問句形式]

強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊疑問句句型為：特殊疑問詞（who/what/when/where/why/how ...）+is/was it that ...？例如：

Where was it that she saw you last time？

How was it that he came here？

What is it that you want me to do？

Why was it that Li Lei came late again？

這類強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)置于從句中時(shí)應(yīng)使用陳述語序。如：

The question is who it is that we can trust.

He asked which picture it was that we should send to her as a present.

例3 I just wonder ______ it is that makes him so excited.

解析 what。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，此題考查對(duì)特殊疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)，強(qiáng)調(diào)了在賓語從句中作主語的連接詞，故填what。去掉it is ... that ...結(jié)構(gòu)，還原后的句子為：I just wonder what makes him so excited.

[4][考查表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與be連用的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)]

表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/must/might等可與be結(jié)合構(gòu)成it must/may/might be/have been ... that ...和it cant be/have been ... that ...這兩個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。如：

It might be his sister that he is worried about.

It cant have been Tom that/who broke the window.

例4 Can it be in the drawer ______ you put your keys？

解析 that。句意為：你的鑰匙有可能是放在了抽屜里嗎？根據(jù)句意可知此題考查表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與be連用的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，故填that。

[5][考查對(duì)not ... until ...句式的強(qiáng)調(diào)]

對(duì)not ... until ...句式的強(qiáng)調(diào)有固定的句型，即it was not until ... that ...。例如：

I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.

→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

例5 （2015重慶卷） Bach died in 1750， but it was not until the early 19th century ______ his musical gift was fully recognized.

解析 that。句意為：Bach死于1750年，但是直到19世紀(jì)早期他的音樂天賦才被完全認(rèn)可。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)可知，but后是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)not until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，故填that。還原后的句子為：Bach died in 1750， but his musical gift was not fully recognized until the early 19th century.

[6][考查對(duì)各種從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)]

除了強(qiáng)調(diào)主語、賓語、狀語等，強(qiáng)調(diào)句也可以用于強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞性從句和狀語從句。

1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語從句

例6 （2015湖南卷） It was when we were returning home ______ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.

解析 that。句意為：當(dāng)我們要回家的時(shí)候，我才意識(shí)到幫助了有困難的人感覺真好。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，這是一個(gè)含有強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，去掉It was ... that ...結(jié)構(gòu)還原后的句子為：I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble when we were returning home.

2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞性從句

例7 （2007江西卷） I dont mind her criticizing me， but ______ is how she does it that I object to.

解析 it。句意為：我不介意她批評(píng)我，我反對(duì)的是她批評(píng)我的方式。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，這是一個(gè)含有強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。此題強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語從句，還原后句子為：I dont mind her criticizing me， but I object to how she does it.

[7][考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的省略形式]

這類題型的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)為：通常采用對(duì)話形式，句子的后半部分省略了與上一句相同的內(nèi)容。有的同學(xué)往往不去理解對(duì)話的語境，而是想當(dāng)然地填上強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的標(biāo)志詞that，造成錯(cuò)誤。

例8 —Where did you get to know her？

—It was on the farm ______ we worked.

解析 where。該題猛然間一看是一個(gè)考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，容易填入that。仔細(xì)分析理解可知，此題的確是考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，但是根據(jù)對(duì)話的語境可知，強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的地點(diǎn)狀語，省略了that I got to know her。上下文的語意為：“你是在哪兒認(rèn)識(shí)她的？”“是在以前工作的農(nóng)場(chǎng)（認(rèn)識(shí)的）。”其中，“______ we worked”是定語從句，修飾the farm，由于the farm在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。將強(qiáng)調(diào)句補(bǔ)充完整，變成It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her，故填where。

總之，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)使用廣泛，與其他從句搭配能力強(qiáng)，易與其他含有it be的句式混淆。同學(xué)們?cè)诖痤}時(shí)應(yīng)綜合考慮，練就一雙“火眼金睛”，反復(fù)試填選項(xiàng)，慧眼甄別出題目設(shè)置的“陷阱”，從而得出正確答案。