李海洋,趙振山
(開灤總醫(yī)院,河北 唐山 063000)
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肺癌患者放療前后外周血淋巴細(xì)胞亞群變化研究
李海洋,趙振山
(開灤總醫(yī)院,河北 唐山063000)
摘要:目的 探討肺癌患者放化療前后外周血淋巴細(xì)胞亞群的變化.方法 應(yīng)用流式細(xì)胞儀對(duì)30例健康正常人群(對(duì)照組)和68例肺癌患者(肺癌組)放化療前后的外周血T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群、B淋巴細(xì)胞及NK細(xì)胞等進(jìn)行檢測(cè),并比較分析健康人群和肺癌患者的變化情況.結(jié)果 肺癌組放療前外周血中CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,CD19+與對(duì)照組相比均有所下降,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);CD8+比例較對(duì)照組升高,且差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);而CD56+比例較對(duì)照組升高,但結(jié)果無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05).肺癌患者放化療后淋巴細(xì)胞亞群CD3+降低,CD56+有所升高,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);CD4+,CD4+/CD8+較治療前降低,CD8+,CD19+較治療前升高,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05).結(jié)論 肺癌患者在疾病發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程中存在淋巴細(xì)胞免疫異常和免疫功能紊亂的現(xiàn)象,外周血T,B淋巴細(xì)胞及NK細(xì)胞的檢測(cè)對(duì)判斷患者的免疫功能有一定參考作用.
關(guān)鍵詞:肺癌;淋巴細(xì)胞亞群;流式細(xì)胞術(shù)
【引用格式】李海洋,趙振山.肺癌患者放療前后外周血淋巴細(xì)胞亞群變化研究[J].北華大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版),2016,17(2):213-216.
肺癌是我國(guó)常見的惡性腫瘤之一,發(fā)病率和死亡率已高居首位,成為嚴(yán)重危害人類健康和生命的惡性腫瘤.腫瘤免疫學(xué)研究表明:人體的免疫調(diào)節(jié)與腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展有著密切關(guān)系[1];T淋巴細(xì)胞是最重要的抗腫瘤免疫細(xì)胞之一,T淋巴細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞殺傷作用在機(jī)體抗腫瘤免疫中起主導(dǎo)作用,能夠識(shí)別和清除腫瘤細(xì)胞.淋巴細(xì)胞亞群是反映細(xì)胞免疫功能的重要指標(biāo),在腫瘤免疫監(jiān)測(cè)中起著重要的作用[2-3].因此,監(jiān)測(cè)外周血淋巴細(xì)胞亞群的變化來評(píng)價(jià)肺癌患者的免疫功能改變,其結(jié)果對(duì)臨床具有一定指導(dǎo)意義.本研究通過檢測(cè)肺癌患者放療前后外周血淋巴細(xì)胞亞群水平,提示肺癌患者機(jī)體免疫功能的變化,指導(dǎo)臨床治療.
1資料與方法
1.1研究對(duì)象
選擇2014年1月—2015年6月唐山開灤總醫(yī)院收治的具有完整臨床資料的肺癌患者68例,入選患者均經(jīng)組織病理學(xué)或細(xì)胞學(xué)等相關(guān)檢查確診,所有病例均無糖尿病、嚴(yán)重感染及其他與自身免疫相關(guān)疾病,且不合并其他惡性腫瘤,3個(gè)月以內(nèi)未接受過化、放療及免疫治療;所有肺癌患者入院后接受國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化放化療治療方案.驗(yàn)血前3個(gè)月無任何使用免疫抑制劑史,無影響免疫功能的內(nèi)科并發(fā)癥.68例肺癌患者一般情況見表1.
表1 肺癌患者一般特征
1.2主要儀器、試劑以及淋巴細(xì)胞亞群檢測(cè)方法
BCL-MCL(4C)流式細(xì)胞儀(美國(guó)Beckman-coulter公司);配套的淋巴細(xì)胞亞群檢測(cè)試劑盒(CD4/CD8/CD3熒光單克隆抗體)(美國(guó)Beckman-coulter公司);SimulSET(BD公司 );自動(dòng)分析軟件進(jìn)行T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群測(cè)定和分析,計(jì)數(shù)成熟的T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群所占的百分率,總T淋巴細(xì)胞(CD3+)、T輔助誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞亞群(CD3+CD4+)、T抑制毒性細(xì)胞亞群(CD3+CD8+)、T輔助細(xì)胞T抑制細(xì)胞的比值(CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+)以及總B細(xì)胞(CD3-CD19+)和NK細(xì)胞(CD3-CD56+).所有血液標(biāo)本與患者治療前和治療結(jié)束后28 d采集.
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
2結(jié)果
2.1肺癌組與對(duì)照組外周血淋巴細(xì)胞亞群比例比較
肺癌患者外周血淋巴細(xì)胞亞群CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,CD19+比例與正常組比較差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,其中CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,CD19+與對(duì)照組顯著降低(P<0.05);CD8+比例較對(duì)照組升高,且差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;CD56+比例較對(duì)照組升高,但結(jié)果無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義.外周血淋巴細(xì)胞亞群比例的改變提示肺癌患者存在免疫功能紊亂現(xiàn)象.見表2,圖1.
±s,η/%)
2.2放療前后肺癌患者T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群水平比較
肺癌患者放化療后淋巴細(xì)胞亞群CD3+(t=1.432,P=0.147)降低,CD56+(t=-0.374,P=0.810)升高,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);CD4+,CD4+/CD8+(t=4.263,P=0.002;t=5.432,P=0.000)較治療前降低,CD8+,CD19+(t=-2.832,P=0.004;t=-2.583,P=0.001)較治療前升高,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(見表3、圖2).
±s,η/%)
3討論
肺癌是一種原發(fā)于肺、氣管及支氣管的惡性腫瘤,大多數(shù)肺癌起源于支氣管黏膜上皮,因此也稱支氣管肺癌.研究數(shù)據(jù)顯示:肺癌是全世界死亡率最高的癌癥,占新發(fā)腫瘤病例的17%左右,約占腫瘤死亡病例的23%[4-5].大多數(shù)臨床就診的肺癌患者已為晚期,治療以化療或放療為主,目前臨床化療方案以鉑類藥物為主,其對(duì)患者免疫功能往往影響較大,故監(jiān)測(cè)肺癌患者免疫功能變化,尋求放化療療效個(gè)體化差異的原因,可為肺癌尋求新的治療途徑提供一定的理論依據(jù)[6].研究證實(shí):在腫瘤免疫中T細(xì)胞亞群是最關(guān)鍵的細(xì)胞亞群,其在腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程中發(fā)揮了重要的作用[7];腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展及轉(zhuǎn)移與機(jī)體的免疫功能低下有關(guān),而機(jī)體的抗腫瘤免疫反應(yīng)主要是細(xì)胞免疫反應(yīng),其中T淋巴細(xì)胞是最重要的抗腫瘤免疫細(xì)胞[8-9].目前研究將外周淋巴細(xì)胞分為CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD19,CD56+等主要亞群.CD3+為全T細(xì)胞標(biāo)志,代表了總T細(xì)胞水平,反映機(jī)體總的細(xì)胞免疫狀態(tài),一般為CD4+和CD8+細(xì)胞數(shù)之和.CD4+又稱T輔助或誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞,其主要功能是通過分泌淋巴因子增加和擴(kuò)大免疫應(yīng)答過程,輔助誘導(dǎo)其他免疫細(xì)胞共同發(fā)揮抗腫瘤作用,CD4+淋巴細(xì)胞數(shù)量減少可導(dǎo)致免疫功能低下;CD8+具有負(fù)調(diào)節(jié)效應(yīng),并能抑制B細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生抗體.CD8+又分為T抑制細(xì)胞或細(xì)胞毒T細(xì)胞,其通過自身及抑制因子在免疫反應(yīng)中起負(fù)向作用,抑制CD4+細(xì)胞和B細(xì)胞功能,從而抑制抗體形成及細(xì)胞免疫反應(yīng),CD8+細(xì)胞增多有利于腫瘤持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),同而促進(jìn)腫瘤增殖[10-11];其中T細(xì)胞各亞群中CD4+與CD8+的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡以及相互制約是維持機(jī)體免疫功能處于正常狀態(tài)的關(guān)鍵因素,通過這種動(dòng)態(tài)平衡以維持機(jī)體免疫內(nèi)環(huán)境及腫瘤微環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定[12-13].
本此研究中,肺癌患者進(jìn)行放化療治療前,外周血淋巴細(xì)胞亞群CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+,CD19+比例與正常人相比有很大差異,有免疫紊亂現(xiàn)象,其中CD3+,CD4+降低明顯,反映機(jī)體總的細(xì)胞免疫狀態(tài)不佳,呈降低趨勢(shì).NK細(xì)胞(CD56+)雖有所升高,對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞有一殺傷作用,但其升高不明顯,與對(duì)照組相比無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義.68例肺癌患者在接受正規(guī)的放化療治療后,T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群CD3+均值變化差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;放化療后CD8+,CD19+均值明顯高于放療前,且P>0.05,而CD4+,CD4+/CD8+較治療前有所降低,CD4+/CD8+比例倒置,提示放化療治療以及其相關(guān)副作用可能均會(huì)對(duì)機(jī)體的免疫力產(chǎn)生影響.患者治療后B細(xì)胞(CD19+)、NK細(xì)胞(CD56+)均有所增高,與相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道相似,放化療治療一定程度上會(huì)增強(qiáng)NK細(xì)胞的殺傷效應(yīng)[14-17].
通過對(duì)肺癌患者外周血淋巴細(xì)胞亞群表達(dá)水平的檢測(cè)并結(jié)合臨床病例資料,觀察肺癌患者治療過程免疫功能變化規(guī)律,可初步證實(shí)肺癌患者疾病發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程中存在淋巴細(xì)胞免疫異常和免疫功能紊亂的現(xiàn)象;通過流式細(xì)胞學(xué)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,可實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)掌握患者的免疫功能變化情況,適時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)T,B細(xì)胞的分化,盡可能最大限度增強(qiáng)機(jī)體的免疫功能,發(fā)揮對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的抑制和殺傷作用,期望為肺癌的診斷治療、療效判斷、開辟新的治療方法等提供依據(jù).
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【責(zé)任編輯:陳麗華】
On the Changes of Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subsets in Patients with Lung Cancer before and after Radiotherapy
Li Haiyang,Zhao Zhenshan
(KailuanGeneralHospital,Tangshan063000,China)
Abstract:Objective To explore the changes of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with lung cancer before and after chemoradiotherapy.Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect blood T lymphocyte subsets,B lymphocytes and NK cells of 30 healthy people(control group)and 68 cases of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma(observation group)before and after chemoradiotherapy.Comparisons were made in the testing results between the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the healthy people before and after chemoradiotherapy.Results Compared with the control group,CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ ,CD19+ significantly decreased(P<0.05).The proportion of CD8+ was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),while the CD56+ ratio was higher than that of the control group without statistical significance.After radiotherapy,CD3+ decreased and CD56+ increased,but the differences were not statistically significant(P<0.05).CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were significantly lower than before,CD8+ and CD19+ were significantly higher than before,and all the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion All the patients show abnormal immune function and low immune function.The detection results of T,B lymphocyte and NK cells in peripheral blood can be a certain reference to determine the immune function of the patients.
Key words:lung cancer;lymphocyte subsets;flow cytometry
中圖分類號(hào):R734
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
作者簡(jiǎn)介:李海洋(1979-),女,主治醫(yī)師,主要從事腫瘤學(xué)研究,E-mail:firstramp@163.com.
收稿日期:2015-10-02
文章編號(hào):1009-4822(2016)02-0213-04
DOI:10.11713/j.issn.1009-4822.2016.02.015