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大口黑鱸GHRH基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)域序列分析及其活性檢測(cè)

2016-03-04 08:31:52馬冬梅韓林強(qiáng)白俊杰
海洋漁業(yè) 2016年4期
關(guān)鍵詞:內(nèi)含子大口斑馬魚

馬冬梅,韓林強(qiáng),白俊杰

(1.中國(guó)水產(chǎn)科學(xué)研究院珠江水產(chǎn)研究所,農(nóng)業(yè)部熱帶亞熱帶魚類選育與養(yǎng)殖重點(diǎn)開放實(shí)驗(yàn)室,廣州 510380;2.淡水水產(chǎn)健康養(yǎng)殖湖北省協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心,武漢 430070)

大口黑鱸GHRH基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)域序列分析及其活性檢測(cè)

馬冬梅,韓林強(qiáng),白俊杰

(1.中國(guó)水產(chǎn)科學(xué)研究院珠江水產(chǎn)研究所,農(nóng)業(yè)部熱帶亞熱帶魚類選育與養(yǎng)殖重點(diǎn)開放實(shí)驗(yàn)室,廣州 510380;2.淡水水產(chǎn)健康養(yǎng)殖湖北省協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心,武漢 430070)

生長(zhǎng)激素釋放激素(growth hormone releasing hormone,GHRH)是下丘腦弓狀核合成和分泌的小分子多肽,其主要功能是調(diào)節(jié)垂體細(xì)胞合成和釋放生長(zhǎng)激素。為研究大口黑鱸(Micropterus salmoides)GHRH基因5’側(cè)翼啟動(dòng)子區(qū)域的活性和該區(qū)域中潛在的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子對(duì)GHRH基因表達(dá)的調(diào)控作用,對(duì)該基因5’端啟動(dòng)子區(qū)域約1400 bp長(zhǎng)度的片段進(jìn)行序列分析,預(yù)測(cè)順式作用元件,獲得了Oct-1、SP1、NF-1、C/EBPalp和C/EBP等多個(gè)潛在的調(diào)控GHRH基因表達(dá)的調(diào)節(jié)因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn)序列。在包括外顯子1和內(nèi)含子1的GHRH基因5’側(cè)翼區(qū)兩側(cè)加入兩個(gè)限制性酶切位點(diǎn)Xho I和Bam H I,對(duì)其進(jìn)行改造,并將該片段插入紅色熒光蛋白報(bào)告基因載體pDsRed2-1,構(gòu)建了重組表達(dá)質(zhì)粒pGHRH1-RFP。同時(shí),用不含有外顯子1和內(nèi)含子1的GHRH基因5’側(cè)翼區(qū)構(gòu)建重組表達(dá)質(zhì)粒pGHRH-RFP。將質(zhì)粒pGHRH1-RFP和pGHRH-RFP轉(zhuǎn)染鯉(Cyprinus carpio)上皮細(xì)胞(epithelioma papillosum cyprinid,EPC)。經(jīng)過48 h的培養(yǎng),在pGHRH1-RFP轉(zhuǎn)染的部分細(xì)胞中檢測(cè)到紅色熒光蛋白表達(dá)。又將pGHRH1-RFP或pGHRH-RFP質(zhì)粒注射到斑馬魚(Danio rerio)一細(xì)胞或二細(xì)胞期的胚胎中,注射了pGHRH1-RFP的胚胎在受精后48 h約有22.5%能檢測(cè)到有紅色熒光蛋白表達(dá),受精后72 h約有29%的仔魚檢測(cè)到紅色熒光蛋白表達(dá)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,目前分離到的GHRH基因5’側(cè)翼序列具有啟動(dòng)基因表達(dá)的活性,且該基因的內(nèi)含子1和外顯子1是啟動(dòng)子的活性所必需的。另外,pGHRH1-RFP質(zhì)粒注射的斑馬魚胚胎只能在胚胎和仔魚的脊椎和肌肉中檢測(cè)到RFP的表達(dá),而在腦中沒有檢測(cè)到表達(dá)。推測(cè)擴(kuò)增到的大口黑鱸GHRH啟動(dòng)子序列1407 bp(-1043 bp~362 bp)只是起到了驅(qū)動(dòng)RFP脊椎和骨骼肌表達(dá)的作用,而不包括驅(qū)動(dòng)在腦組織中特異性表達(dá)的啟動(dòng)子,本研究為GHRH基因功能的深入分析奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

生長(zhǎng)激素釋放激素;啟動(dòng)子活性;大口黑鱸

生長(zhǎng)激素釋放激素(growth hormone releasing hormone,GHRH)是一種小分子多肽,為PACAP/胰高血糖素(pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide,PACAP/glucagon)超家族成員,主要由丘腦下部的弓狀核合成和分泌[1-2],其主要的功能是通過與GHRH受體結(jié)合刺激垂體合成和分泌生長(zhǎng)激素(growth hormone,GH)[3]。GHRH在胚胎期對(duì)調(diào)節(jié)生長(zhǎng)激素細(xì)胞增殖分化、腦垂體形成等有重要作用[4];外源適度增加動(dòng)物體內(nèi)GHRH的含量能夠加快動(dòng)物的生長(zhǎng)[5];人類GHRH受體基因的突變或缺失會(huì)導(dǎo)致侏儒癥、巨人癥等疾?。?],但人類GHRH基因本身的突變或缺失引起的疾病還未見報(bào)道[7]。GHRH的精確表達(dá)以及對(duì)GH時(shí)空表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確調(diào)節(jié),對(duì)于動(dòng)物器官的形成和發(fā)育來說是必不可少的,該基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)域順式調(diào)控元件的突變極可能會(huì)影響到啟動(dòng)子的活性,從而影響到基因的正確表達(dá),因此分析GHRH基因啟動(dòng)子的序列和活性是十分有意義的一項(xiàng)工作,可為分析啟動(dòng)子序列突變對(duì)其活性的影響奠定基礎(chǔ)。

在魚類啟動(dòng)子的研究中,管家基因β-actin的啟動(dòng)子研究得最為深入[8-9],并在轉(zhuǎn)基因魚研究中得到了較為廣泛應(yīng)用[10-11]。而熱激蛋白70(HSP 70)[12]、肌肉生長(zhǎng)抑制素(myostatin)[13]、促甲狀腺激素(TSHβ)[14]、胰島素樣生長(zhǎng)因子-II(IGF-II)[15]等多種基因的啟動(dòng)子也得到了研究,為深入研究基因功能、基因表達(dá)調(diào)控和基因之間相互作用奠定了基礎(chǔ)。目前,GHRH基因啟動(dòng)子在人(Homo sapiens)、小鼠(Musmusculus)和大鼠(Rattus norregicus)中都有研究[16-19],且Gsh-1基因?qū)Υ笫驡HRH表達(dá)的調(diào)控功能得到了深入的分析[19]。但魚類GHRH啟動(dòng)子研究較少,對(duì)大口黑鱸(Micropterus salmoides)GHRH基因的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),其5’側(cè)翼序列中存在一個(gè)66 bp的插入/缺失位點(diǎn)(c.-923_-858del),該插入/缺失位點(diǎn)為隱性致死位點(diǎn)[20]。

為進(jìn)一步探討大口黑鱸GHRH基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)域突變對(duì)其功能的影響,本研究分析了大口黑鱸GHRH基因5’側(cè)翼約1400 bp序列潛在的順式作用調(diào)控元件,并構(gòu)建了重組紅色熒光蛋白質(zhì)粒,在鯉(Cyprinus carpio)上皮細(xì)胞(EPC)和斑馬魚(Danio rerio)體內(nèi)初步分析了該片段的啟動(dòng)子活性,以為深入分析GHRH基因功能奠定基礎(chǔ)。

1 材料和方法

1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)魚和細(xì)胞系

用于實(shí)驗(yàn)的AB品系斑馬魚由本實(shí)驗(yàn)室繁育、飼養(yǎng)。選擇6月齡斑馬魚成魚雌魚5 ind、雄魚5 ind,平均體質(zhì)量1.2 g,平均全長(zhǎng)4.5 cm,雌雄分別飼養(yǎng),繁殖斑馬魚時(shí)一雌一雄配對(duì),收集受精卵用于顯微注射。實(shí)驗(yàn)用鯉上皮細(xì)胞系(EPC)由中國(guó)水產(chǎn)科學(xué)研究院珠江水產(chǎn)研究所實(shí)驗(yàn)室保存。

1.2 啟動(dòng)子區(qū)域的轉(zhuǎn)錄元件分析

用Transcription Element Search System軟件(http://www.cbil.upenn.edu/cgi-bin/tess/tess)預(yù)測(cè)大口黑鱸GHRH基因5’側(cè)翼區(qū)[20]1451 bp片段上順式作用元件,所有參數(shù)設(shè)置均使用默認(rèn)值,核心序列矩陣相似度與序列矩陣相似度比值均大于0.8。

1.3 表達(dá)質(zhì)粒的構(gòu)建

根據(jù)大口黑鱸GHRH基因的5’側(cè)翼序列[20]設(shè)計(jì)特異引物,轉(zhuǎn)錄啟始位點(diǎn)定義為 +1,GHRH1-pF:5’-CCGCTCGAGCGGGCTGGTCTGTT AAATACAAGGT-3’和GHRH1-pR:5’-CGGGATC CAGCTAGTCGTGGAGAAGAATGGACAG-3’(-1043 bp~362 bp,擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物包括內(nèi)含子1和外顯子1);GHRH-pR:5’-CGGGATCCTTCACTCTCAT CTCTCATCCTC-3’(-1043 bp~50 bp,擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物不包括完整的內(nèi)含子1和外顯子1),在擴(kuò)增引物兩端引入XhoI和BamH I酶切位點(diǎn),以大口黑鱸基因組為模板進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增。擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物經(jīng)限制性內(nèi)切酶Xho I和Bam H I(Fermentas公司)酶切純化后,插入紅色熒光蛋白報(bào)告基因載體pDsRed2-1(Clontech公司),轉(zhuǎn)化大腸桿菌E.coliDH5α,測(cè)序驗(yàn)證重組質(zhì)粒。得到的重組質(zhì)粒命名為pGHRH1-RFP和pGHRH-RFP。

1.4 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)和轉(zhuǎn)染

用質(zhì)粒DNA提取試劑盒(北京天根公司)提取并純化質(zhì)粒pGHRH1-RFP和pGHRH-RFP,溶解于H2O中至終濃度為50μg·mL-1。將凍存的鯉上皮瘤細(xì)胞(epithelioma papulosum cyprini,EPC)復(fù)蘇后,在CO2培養(yǎng)箱中用含有10%小牛血清(Gibco公司)的M199培養(yǎng)基37℃培養(yǎng)至單層,然后將EPC細(xì)胞接種到24孔板內(nèi),每孔約1 ×105cell細(xì)胞,37℃培養(yǎng)22~24 h后用于轉(zhuǎn)染。當(dāng)24孔板的細(xì)胞密度達(dá)到90%時(shí)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)染,分別將800 ng的pGHRH1-RFP和pGHRH-RFP質(zhì)粒與2μL脂質(zhì)體2000轉(zhuǎn)染試劑(Invitrogen公司)混合,加入Opti-MEM培養(yǎng)基至100μL用于每一孔的轉(zhuǎn)染,同時(shí)以800 ng不含GHRH基因啟動(dòng)子的pDsRed2-1質(zhì)粒作為對(duì)照。轉(zhuǎn)染方法參照轉(zhuǎn)染試劑說明書。培養(yǎng)48 h,在Nikon熒光顯微鏡下觀察紅色熒光蛋白在EPC細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)。

1.5 顯微注射

將重組質(zhì)粒注射到斑馬魚受精卵內(nèi)瞬時(shí)表達(dá)進(jìn)行啟動(dòng)子活性分析。在斑馬魚受精卵一細(xì)胞或二細(xì)胞時(shí)分別注射約2 nL pGHRH1-RFP或pGHRH-RFP質(zhì)粒DNA溶液至細(xì)胞質(zhì),同時(shí)以注射空載體pDsRed2-1為對(duì)照。胚胎在曝氣水中培養(yǎng),用MS222麻醉后,在Zeiss熒光顯微鏡下觀察紅色熒光蛋白在斑馬魚體內(nèi)的表達(dá)。

2 結(jié)果與分析

2.1 大口黑鱸GHRH基因5’側(cè)翼區(qū)域轉(zhuǎn)錄因子作用位點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)

用Transcription Element Search System軟件預(yù)測(cè)分析了GHRH基因從-1803 bp到362 bp(以轉(zhuǎn)錄起始位點(diǎn)記為+1)潛在啟動(dòng)子區(qū)域上的順式作用元件,預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果見圖1。在GHRH基因5’側(cè)翼及內(nèi)含子1和外顯子1區(qū)域內(nèi)存在啟動(dòng)子轉(zhuǎn)錄元件TATA框和GATA框各1個(gè),八聚體轉(zhuǎn)錄因子1(Oct-1)結(jié)合位點(diǎn)6個(gè),核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子SP1結(jié)合位點(diǎn)4個(gè),肝細(xì)胞核因子HNF-1結(jié)合位點(diǎn)2個(gè),核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子NF-1結(jié)合位點(diǎn)4個(gè),Homeobox結(jié)合位點(diǎn)3個(gè),脂肪形成轉(zhuǎn)錄因子C/EBPalp結(jié)合位點(diǎn)13個(gè),增強(qiáng)子結(jié)合蛋白C/EBP結(jié)合位點(diǎn)8個(gè),垂體特異性轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Pit-1a和Pit-1結(jié)合位點(diǎn)3個(gè),同源轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Gsh-1、上游激活因子USF、激活蛋白AP-1轉(zhuǎn)錄因子、生物鐘基因REV-ErbA、環(huán)磷腺苷效應(yīng)元件結(jié)合蛋白CREB、小眼畸形相關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子MITF、抑制糖皮質(zhì)激素受體GR、原癌基因c-Jun、轉(zhuǎn)錄因子PU.1和轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Oct-2.1結(jié)合位點(diǎn)各1個(gè)。

2.2 pGHRH1-RFP質(zhì)粒在真核細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)

利用脂質(zhì)體2000轉(zhuǎn)染試劑將重組質(zhì)粒pGHRH1-RFP、pGHRH-RFP和pDsRed2-1(陰性對(duì)照)轉(zhuǎn)染EPC細(xì)胞。轉(zhuǎn)染24 h后,熒光顯微鏡下鏡檢觀察,可以看到經(jīng)pGHRH1-RFP轉(zhuǎn)染的細(xì)胞孔中,部分細(xì)胞發(fā)出明顯的紅色熒光,而質(zhì)粒pGHRH-RFP轉(zhuǎn)染的細(xì)胞和陰性對(duì)照組沒有表達(dá)紅色熒光的細(xì)胞,結(jié)果見圖2。

2.3 pGHRH1-RFP質(zhì)粒在斑馬魚體內(nèi)的表達(dá)

將pGHRH1-RFP質(zhì)粒注射到斑馬魚的受精卵中,48 h后在熒光顯微鏡下觀察,約200 cell胚胎中有45個(gè)表達(dá)紅色熒光;72h斑馬魚胚胎出膜后在熒光顯微鏡下觀察,56 ind活仔魚中有16 ind表達(dá)紅色熒光,約占存活個(gè)體的29%。紅色熒光蛋白主要表達(dá)在斑馬魚的肌肉和脊椎骨中(圖3),而腦中的表達(dá)不顯明。用pGHRH-RFP和pDsRed2-1質(zhì)粒注射的斑馬魚沒有觀察到有紅色熒光蛋白的表達(dá)。

3 討論

本研究經(jīng)軟件預(yù)測(cè)大口黑鱸GHRH基因5’側(cè)翼約1400 bp區(qū)域序列中存在多個(gè)順式調(diào)控元件,這些順式調(diào)控元件中包括多個(gè)Oct-1、SP1、C/EBPalp和C/EBP結(jié)合位點(diǎn),推測(cè)GHRH受到多種因子的精密調(diào)控,Oct-1、SP1、C/EBPalp和C/EBP可能在大口黑鱸GHRH基因的時(shí)空表達(dá)活性調(diào)節(jié)中起到重要作用。另外,順式作用元件中還包括調(diào)節(jié)因子CREB與Gsh-1的結(jié)合位點(diǎn)各1個(gè),小鼠的GHRH啟動(dòng)子的研究表明,CREB與Gsh-1的共表達(dá)對(duì)于GHRH啟動(dòng)子的活性具有重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用[19]。

完整的內(nèi)含子1和外顯子1序列是GHRH啟動(dòng)子活性所必需的,用不完整的內(nèi)含子1和外顯子1序列構(gòu)建的重組質(zhì)粒,經(jīng)細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染和顯微注射兩種方法,都檢測(cè)不到RFP的表達(dá),說明內(nèi)含子1和外顯子1區(qū)域中含有GHRH啟動(dòng)子活性所必須的重要調(diào)節(jié)因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn),具體的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制還有待進(jìn)一步研究。人類的金屬蛋白酶1基因組織抑制劑基因(TIMP-1)的內(nèi)含子1和外顯子1序列對(duì)于該基因在成纖維細(xì)胞中的轉(zhuǎn)錄活性也是必須的[21]。

利用紅色熒光蛋白報(bào)告載體pDsRed2-1,以包括外顯子1和內(nèi)含子1在內(nèi)的1407 bp的GHRH基因5’側(cè)翼區(qū)序列為啟動(dòng)子序列,構(gòu)建GHRH啟動(dòng)子紅色熒光蛋白表達(dá)質(zhì)粒,注射斑馬魚受精卵后,檢測(cè)到紅色熒光蛋白主要在其胚胎中部分脊椎骨和骨骼肌有表達(dá),而沒有檢測(cè)到在腦組織中的明顯表達(dá)。迄今為止,尚未見魚類GHRH早期基因表達(dá)的研究報(bào)道,可見GHRH早期基因表達(dá)的復(fù)雜性,而本研究為魚類GHRH早期基因表達(dá)的研究提供了一定的數(shù)據(jù)與參考。目前,有研究者用RT-PCT的方法,分別在斑點(diǎn)叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)的骨骼肌中檢測(cè)到了GHRH-LP基因的表達(dá)[22]及在中國(guó)林蛙的脊椎中檢測(cè)到GHRH-LP明顯的表達(dá)[23]。而關(guān)于GHRH基因的進(jìn)化研究認(rèn)為,GHRH基因、GHRH-LP基因以及PHI-VIP基因是由一個(gè)共同的祖先基因進(jìn)化而來的[24]。推測(cè)GHRH和GHRH-LP這一類同源基因在進(jìn)化過程中仍保留了啟動(dòng)子功能區(qū)域的相似性,時(shí)空表達(dá)上也具有相似的特征。

圖1 大口黑鱸GHRH基因5’側(cè)翼片段轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn)分析Fig.1 Analysis of transcription factor binding sites in 5’flanking region of GHRH gene from Micropterus salmoides

圖2 pGHRH1-RFP質(zhì)粒在EPC細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)(24 h)Fig.2 Expression of pGHRH-RFP in the EPC cells(24 h)

圖3 pGHRH1-RFP質(zhì)粒在斑馬魚胚胎和仔魚中的表達(dá)Fig.3 Expression of pGHRH1-RFP in the embryos and larvae of zebrafish Danio rerio

對(duì)大口黑鱸GHRH基因mRNA的組織分布研究只在延腦和前腦組織檢測(cè)到了GHRH的表達(dá),而在肌肉中未見表達(dá)[25];對(duì)金魚(Carassiusauratus)的研究中也只在大腦(brain)內(nèi)檢測(cè)到了GHRH基因的表達(dá)[24]。本研究在斑馬魚的腦中沒有檢測(cè)到有規(guī)律的明顯的表達(dá),推測(cè)本研究擴(kuò)增到的大口黑鱸GHRH啟動(dòng)子序列1407 bp(-1043 bp~362 bp)只是起到了驅(qū)動(dòng)RFP脊椎和骨骼肌表達(dá)的作用,而不包括驅(qū)動(dòng)在腦組織中特異性表達(dá)的啟動(dòng)子。對(duì)大鼠GHRH啟動(dòng)子的研究表明,GHRH mRNA在精巢、胎盤和下丘腦中具有不同的剪切方式,精巢和下丘腦的轉(zhuǎn)錄起始位點(diǎn)相距約10.7 kb,說明該基因不同組織特異調(diào)控區(qū)域分布于GHRH基因5’側(cè)翼序列很大范圍內(nèi)的不同位置[18]。

本研究沒有采用雙熒光素酶方法檢測(cè)啟動(dòng)子活性的方法,而是采用了構(gòu)建紅色熒光蛋白報(bào)告重組質(zhì)粒細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染和顯微注射斑馬魚受精卵的方法,在轉(zhuǎn)染EPC細(xì)胞體外直接觀察的檢測(cè)方法更為簡(jiǎn)便、直接,而顯微注射斑馬魚胚胎的體內(nèi)檢測(cè)方法則可以為研究基因的表達(dá)和功能提供更為詳盡的依據(jù)。

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Sequence and activity analysis of GHRH promoter region from M icropterus salmoides

MA Dong-mei,HAN Lin-qian,BAIJun-jie
(1.Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application&Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture,Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou510380,China;2.Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province,Wuhan430070,China)

Growth hormone releasing hormone(GHRH)is a smallmolecular weight peptide released from the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus.It mainly plays the role to regulate the synthesis and release of growth hormone(GH)from the anterior pituitary somatotrophs.Non-pituitary GHRH has awide spectrum of activity,includingmodulating cell proliferation,especially in malignant tissues,regulating differentiation of some cell types,and promoting healing of skin wounds.In order to analyze the activity of GHRH 5’flanking region and themechanism of the potential transcription factors regulating GHRH gene expression in largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides),the cis-acting elementswere predicted by the transcription element search system for the 1400 bp-length fragment in 5’flanking region.Many sites related to regulating the GHRH expression were identified,includingmultiple of Oct-1,SP1,NF-1,C/EBPalp and C/EBP binding sites,which indicated that these sites probably played the key roles to regulate the spatiotemporal expression of GHRH.The GHRH 5’flanking region fragmentwith integrate exon 1 and intron 1 wasmodified by adding to two restrict enzyme sites,XhoI andBamH I,and was inserted into the red fluorescent protein(RFP)reporter gene vector pDsRed2-1.Then the recombined plasmid pGHRH1-RFP was constructed.Meanwhile,the recombinant plasmid pGHRH-RFP was constructed using the fragment without exon 1 and intron 1.The plasmids pGHRH1-RFP and pGHRH-RFPwere transfected epithelioma papillosum cyprini(EPC)cells.After 48 h of culture,the expression of the RFP was detected in EPC cells with pGHRH1-RFP,but not in the cells as negative controls or the cells transfected by pGHRH-RFP.At the same time,the plasmid pGHRH1-RFP or pGHRH-RFPwas alsomicroinjected in zebrafish embryos at the one cell or two cell stages.Embryos without microinjection served as negative controls.A total of 22.5%(n=45/200)embryos injected with pGHRH1-RFP could be detected RFP 48hpf(hours post fertilization)and 29%(n=16/56)fries could be detected RFP 72hpf.And the RFP was not detected in the zebrafish embryos and larvae microinjected with plasmid pGHRH-RFP and negative controls.The results showed that the isolated GHRH 5’flanking region had the activity of starting GHRH gene expression.And there are indispensable cis-elements in exon 1 and intron 1 of GHRH gene for promoter activity.Additionally,it is interesting that the RFP is found in spine and muscle,not in brain.In rat,GHRH gene is spliced into alternative upstream promoters in brain,gonads and placenta.It suggests that the cis-acting elements responsible for GHRH spatially specific expression in brain of largemouth bass have not been discovered yet.The current study can lay foundations for analysis of the functions of GHRH gene.

growth hormone releasing hormone(GHRH);promoter activity;largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)

Q 954

A

1004-2490(2016)04-0383-08

2015-08-27

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31001107);948計(jì)劃重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(2011-G12);廣東省省級(jí)科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2015A020209035);國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃(2012BAD26B03)

馬冬梅(1978-),女,遼寧撫順人,博士,主要研究方向?yàn)轸~類遺傳育種。Tel:020-81616127,E-mail:madongmei2003@163.com

白俊杰,研究員。Tel:020-81616129,E-mail:jjbai@163.net

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