嚴(yán)梅娣
浙江省寧波市第七醫(yī)院普外科,浙江寧波 315202
1MTA2基因沉默對(duì)人乳腺癌MCF-7/ADR多藥耐藥的逆轉(zhuǎn)作用
嚴(yán)梅娣
浙江省寧波市第七醫(yī)院普外科,浙江寧波 315202
目的乳腺癌是女性中最常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤,本研究探討MTA2對(duì)乳腺癌耐藥的作用及機(jī)制。方法CCK-8檢測(cè)MCF-7/ADR和MCF-7細(xì)胞株對(duì)阿霉素的耐藥情況。體外化學(xué)合成MTA2序列特異性的shRNA,經(jīng)慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)染人乳腺癌細(xì)胞系,Western blot檢測(cè)慢病毒介導(dǎo)的MTA2敲減效率以及PI3K/AKT/ NF-κB信號(hào)通路蛋白。Annexin V-FITC和DAPI染色檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡情況。結(jié)果MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞中MTA2表達(dá)量顯著高于MCF-7細(xì)胞株,慢病毒介導(dǎo)的基因沉默顯著的敲減了MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞中的MTA2。敲除MTA2逆轉(zhuǎn)MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞的耐藥作用并促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡。敲除MTA2通過(guò)抑制PI3K/AKT通路抑制下游NF-κB通路活化,并下調(diào)p-gp蛋白表達(dá)而逆轉(zhuǎn)耐藥性。結(jié)論敲除MTA2可以逆轉(zhuǎn)MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞的耐藥作用,表明MTA2可能參與調(diào)節(jié)乳腺癌多藥耐藥作用。
MTA2;乳腺癌;耐藥
乳腺癌是女性最常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤之一[1],化療是乳腺癌重要的治療手段,然而化療過(guò)程乳腺癌容易對(duì)藥物產(chǎn)生耐受,嚴(yán)重影響了乳腺癌化療的效果。隨著近年來(lái)對(duì)腫瘤分子生物學(xué)和基因功能學(xué)研究的深入,人們逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到某些腫瘤產(chǎn)生耐藥的內(nèi)在原因。因此,尋找調(diào)控乳腺癌耐藥的關(guān)鍵基因,明確其在乳腺癌耐藥機(jī)制產(chǎn)生過(guò)程中的病理機(jī)制,是乳腺癌治療領(lǐng)域重要的研究方向。
MTA2基因存在于大多數(shù)人體組織和器官,特別是在腦組織中的含量,肝臟和睪丸豐富[2-6]。目前研究發(fā)現(xiàn)MTA2主要是通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)雌激素通路,細(xì)胞凋亡和細(xì)胞骨架形成,共同促進(jìn)腫瘤的侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移的過(guò)程[2,7,8]。相關(guān)的研究表明組織中MTA2過(guò)表達(dá)與人類惡性腫瘤的發(fā)展有密切關(guān)系,如在乳腺癌、結(jié)腸癌、肺癌、食管癌、胃癌等腫瘤中[9-15],MTA2均成過(guò)度表達(dá)。然而MTA2與腫瘤耐藥的相關(guān)研究較少,本研究擬通過(guò)檢測(cè)耐藥細(xì)胞株MCF-7/ADR中MTA2的表達(dá)情況以及沉默MTA2后MCF-7/ ADR對(duì)阿霉素的耐藥情況,探討MTA2在乳腺癌耐藥中的作用及機(jī)制。
1.1 材料
人乳腺癌細(xì)胞株MCF-7購(gòu)自于中科院細(xì)胞庫(kù),MCF-7/ADR購(gòu)自于上海博谷生物科技有限公司。細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)于37℃,5%CO2,含10%胎牛血清的RPM1640培養(yǎng)基(培養(yǎng)基和血清均購(gòu)于Gibco)。兔抗AKT、P-AKT、g-pg抗體(Epitomics),鼠抗I κBα、NF-κB、cleaved-caspased-3、GAPDH抗體(ProteinTech),羊抗兔HRP抗體,羊抗鼠HRP抗體(Santa Cruz Biotechnology),CCK-8試劑盒購(gòu)自Dojindo,Annexin V/PI凋亡試劑盒購(gòu)自Invitrogen。MTA2敲減慢病毒購(gòu)自上海ji'man吉滿生物科技公司。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 蛋白免疫印跡雜交(Western blot) 乳腺癌細(xì)胞用阿霉素處理48h后,收集細(xì)胞沉淀,提取細(xì)胞總蛋白,BCA法測(cè)定蛋白濃度后,每個(gè)樣品上樣40g,進(jìn)行蛋白電泳,電轉(zhuǎn)移到PVDF膜(美國(guó)MiLLipore公司)上,5%牛奶封閉后順序加一抗(1∶1000),二抗(1∶5000),進(jìn)行雜交,ECL化學(xué)發(fā)光試劑盒(美國(guó)MiLLipore公司)檢測(cè)雜交信號(hào)。
1.2.2 細(xì)胞活性實(shí)驗(yàn) 將MCF-7和MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞消化后,分別以每孔10 000個(gè)細(xì)胞的密度接種于96孔培養(yǎng)板,每個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)做5個(gè)平行樣本,將培養(yǎng)板在37℃,5%CO2的條件下培養(yǎng)。12h細(xì)胞加入阿霉素(0、20、40、80、160μg/mL),處理48h,向每孔加入10μL CCK-8檢測(cè)試劑,在培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)孵育2h。用酶標(biāo)儀測(cè)定在450nm處的吸光度,計(jì)算每5孔的吸光度值的平均值和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,計(jì)算細(xì)胞的活性。
1.2.3 慢病毒感染乳腺癌細(xì)胞沉默MTA2 乳腺癌細(xì)胞MCF-7/ADR鋪于6孔板,24h后等細(xì)胞貼壁后,加入慢病毒5μL MOI為10,同時(shí)加入4μg PB。4h后換成新鮮的完全培養(yǎng)基。48h后收集細(xì)胞,Western blot檢測(cè)MTA2敲減效率,并進(jìn)行后續(xù)試驗(yàn)。
1.2.4 細(xì)胞周期與凋亡檢測(cè) 阿霉素處理48h后的細(xì)胞,用胰酶消化收集細(xì)胞(培養(yǎng)基上清一起收集),1000rpm,5min離心,然后,細(xì)胞用預(yù)冷的PBS洗兩遍。用1倍結(jié)合緩沖液重懸細(xì)胞,調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞濃度到1×106Cells/mL。接著,加入5μL Annexin V-FITC及1μL 100μg/mL的PI工作液,輕輕混勻,避光室溫反應(yīng)15min。最后加入1倍結(jié)合緩沖液400L,輕輕混勻,用流式細(xì)胞檢測(cè)儀器(貝克曼)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡。
1.2.5 DAPI染色 MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞用阿霉素處理48h收,PBS清洗3遍,4%多聚甲醛固定15min,再用PBS清洗3遍,DAPI染液染色5min,PBS清洗3遍,熒光顯微鏡下拍照,并統(tǒng)計(jì)凋亡細(xì)胞數(shù)目。
2.1 多耐藥乳腺癌細(xì)胞株MCF-7/ADR中的MTA2表達(dá)顯著高于MCF-7
首先用不同濃度的阿霉素處理MCF-7和 MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞,檢測(cè)兩組細(xì)胞的耐藥情況,結(jié)果顯示,不同濃度的阿霉素對(duì)兩組細(xì)胞的活性均有抑制作用,且呈濃度依賴性(圖1A)。其中阿霉素對(duì)MCF-7/ADR的IC50為(1567±45)μg/mL,MCF-7為(120±5)μg/mL。耐藥倍數(shù)為13倍,說(shuō)明該耐藥株MCF-7/ADR的耐藥作用顯著。Western blot檢測(cè)MCF-7和MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞中MTA2表達(dá)情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞中MTA2表達(dá)顯著高于MCF-7細(xì)胞株(圖1B)。
圖1 MCF-7/ADR中的MTA2表達(dá)顯著高于MCF-7
2.2 慢病毒介導(dǎo)的shRNA顯著的下調(diào)了乳腺癌耐藥細(xì)胞株MCF-7/ADR中MTA2
分別用對(duì)照組病毒(NC)和MTA2敲減病毒(shRNA)感染MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞,48h后在熒光顯微鏡下觀察:計(jì)數(shù)100個(gè)細(xì)胞,其中有綠色熒光的占90%以上,如圖2A。同時(shí)收集細(xì)胞沉淀,提取總蛋白,進(jìn)行Western blot檢測(cè)。Western blot結(jié)果顯示,shRNA組的MTA2水平顯著低于對(duì)照組(圖2B)。由此可見(jiàn),MTA2在人乳腺癌細(xì)胞MCF-7/ ADR細(xì)胞內(nèi)被成功敲除。
圖2 慢病毒敲減乳腺癌耐藥細(xì)胞株MCF-7/ADR中MTA2
2.3 敲除MTA2逆轉(zhuǎn)MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞的耐藥作用并促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡
通過(guò)慢病毒介導(dǎo)的MTA2基因敲除后,MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞對(duì)阿霉素的耐藥作用大大降低,IC50為(120±21)μg/mL,在同樣阿霉素濃度處理下,敲除MTA2的MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞活性顯著低于MCF-7/ADR對(duì)照組細(xì)胞。同時(shí)在基因沉默MTA2的MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞中加入阿霉素處理48h可以顯著促進(jìn)MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞的凋亡(圖3B,C)。
圖3 敲除MTA2逆轉(zhuǎn)MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞的耐藥作用并促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡A MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞中MTA2被敲除后,耐藥性下降。B,C 敲除MTA2后,加入阿霉素處理細(xì)胞48h,Annexin V-FITC和DAPI檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡qing’l情況
2.4 敲除MTA2通過(guò)抑制PI3K/AKT通路抑制下游NF-κB通路活化,并下調(diào)p-gp蛋白表達(dá)而逆轉(zhuǎn)耐藥性
Western blot 檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn),敲除MTA2后,MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞中的p-AKT水平下調(diào),IκBα表達(dá)上調(diào),NF-κB表達(dá)下調(diào),p-gp蛋白在耐藥時(shí)處于高表達(dá)狀態(tài),當(dāng)敲除MTA2后,其表達(dá)水平下降,同時(shí),細(xì)胞凋亡蛋白cleaved-caspase-3表達(dá)水平也顯著增加。
圖4 western blot檢測(cè)敲除MTA2后MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞中AKT,IκBα,NF-κB,p-gp,cleaved-caspase-3蛋白表達(dá)情況
乳腺癌是女性最常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤之一,在我國(guó)位居女性惡性腫瘤發(fā)生率的首位。近年來(lái),女性乳腺癌的患病率顯著上升,并趨于年輕化。目前,化療是治療乳腺癌的重要手段,但是乳腺癌細(xì)胞多耐藥性的發(fā)生是導(dǎo)致化療失敗的主要原因[16]。腫瘤細(xì)胞多耐藥性產(chǎn)生的原因可能有以下幾種:p-pg介導(dǎo)的經(jīng)典多耐藥;多耐藥相關(guān)蛋白(MRP)產(chǎn)生的耐藥機(jī)制[17];拓?fù)洚悩?gòu)酶Ⅱ表達(dá)水平下降,使腫瘤對(duì)抗腫瘤藥物敏感性下降,引起耐藥[18]。
MTA2基因存在于人體內(nèi)的大部分組織及器官中,尤其是在腦組織、肝臟及睪丸中的含量較為豐富[13,19]。目前經(jīng)張順等分析認(rèn)為,MTA2主要是通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)雌激素的通路、細(xì)胞凋亡及細(xì)胞骨架等路徑來(lái)共同加速腫瘤的侵襲及轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程。相關(guān)研究現(xiàn)已明確MTA1在組織中的過(guò)度表達(dá)與多種人類惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展有著密不可分的關(guān)系,如乳腺癌、結(jié)直腸癌、胃癌、食道癌以及肝細(xì)胞肝癌[7,12,20-22]等。然而MTA2與乳腺癌耐藥相關(guān)研究未見(jiàn)報(bào)道,本研究利用MCF-7/ADR和MCF-7兩株細(xì)胞,發(fā)現(xiàn)耐藥細(xì)胞株MCF-7/ADR中的MTA2表達(dá)水平顯著高于MCF-7細(xì)胞。通過(guò)慢病毒介導(dǎo)的MTA2基因敲除可以逆轉(zhuǎn)MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞的耐藥作用并促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡。
PI3K/AKT通路參與許多腫瘤耐藥的調(diào)控,隨著PI3K/AKT信號(hào)通路與腫瘤耐藥性之間的研究越來(lái)越多,PI3K/AKT信號(hào)通路的激活被認(rèn)為使腫瘤耐藥產(chǎn)生的新機(jī)制。Western blot檢測(cè)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),MCF-7/ADR細(xì)胞中敲除MTA2后,P-AKT表達(dá)顯著下調(diào)。同時(shí)NF-κB,g-gp表達(dá)也相應(yīng)的下調(diào)。NF-κB是重要的核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,非激活狀態(tài)下與它的抑制蛋白形成復(fù)合物,PI3K/AKT可以通過(guò)磷酸化IκB解除對(duì)NF-κB的抑制。NF-κB作為重要的核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子進(jìn)入細(xì)胞核,調(diào)節(jié)p-gp的表達(dá),從而影響細(xì)胞的耐藥性。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)MTA2可以通過(guò)PI3K/AKT/ NF-κ通路影響乳腺癌細(xì)胞的耐藥性。因此通過(guò)基因沉默技術(shù)敲除MTA2來(lái)影響PI3K/AKT/NF-κ通路逆轉(zhuǎn)乳腺癌的多耐藥性,為乳腺癌化療中多見(jiàn)的多藥耐藥問(wèn)題提供一個(gè)新的治理思路。
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The reversal effect of MAT2 silencing on multidrug-resistant breast cancer cell MCF-7/ADR
YAN Meidi
Department of General Surgery,the Seventh Hospital of Ningbo,Ningbo 315202,China
ObjectiveBreast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women.To investigate the effect and mechanism of MTA2 on breast cancer drug resistance.MethodsCCK-8 was used to detect the drug resistance of MCF-7/ADR and MCF-7 cells to adriamycin.MTA2 sequence specific shRNA was synthesized in vitro and transfected into human breast cancer cell line by lentivirus.Knockdown efficiency of lentivirus mediated MTA2 and the signaling pathway protein,such as PI3K,AKT and NF-κB,were detected by Western blot.Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC and DAPI staining.ResultsMTA2 expression in MCF-7/ADR cells was significantly higher than that in MCF-7 cell line.Lentivirus-mediated gene silencing significant knockdown MTA2 in MCF-7/ADR cells.Knockdown of MTA2 inhibited the activation of the downstream NF- kappa B pathway by inhibiting the PI3K or AKT pathway,and reversed the resistance to P-gp protein expression.ConclusionKnockout MTA2 can reverse the MCF-7/ADR cells drug resistant effect and these suggest MTA2 may be involved in regulating the role of breast cancer multidrug resistance.
MTA2;Breast cancer;Drug resistant
R737.9
A
2095-0616(2016)22-22-04
2016-09-11)
浙江省寧波市醫(yī)學(xué)科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2014A39)。