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(Department of Oncology of Interventional Radiology, Beijing DitanHospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China)
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Child-Turcotte-Pugh score and model for end-stage liver disease in judging prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in peri-inventional period
WEIJian,LIHonglu,GUOJiang,LIChangqing*
(DepartmentofOncologyofInterventionalRadiology,BeijingDitanHospitalofCapitalMedicalUniversity,Beijing100015,China)
Objective To compare the value of Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) in judging prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in peri-inventional period. Methods Totally 100 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were collected and underwent TACE. Before TACE, the MELD value for each patient were calculated according to MELD formula, and at the same time CTP score were calculated. The value of MELD and CTP score in judging the prognosis of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed and compared by the ROC curves and the area under the curve (AUC). Results The AUC of CTP score in judging survival time before and 3, 6 months after TACE were 0.540, 0.754, 0.889, while the AUC of MELD was 0.682, 0.701, 0.801, and the differences were statistically significant (allP<0.05). Conclusion MELD score is a method as good as CTP in judging the prognosis of advanced liver cancer.
Liver neoplasmas; Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; Model for end-stage liver disease; Overall survival
TACE對無法接受外科手術(shù)的肝癌患者可明顯延長生存期、提高生活質(zhì)量[1-2],但TACE可導(dǎo)致正常肝組織缺血缺氧,從而引起肝功能損害[3-5]。因此,圍介入手術(shù)期準(zhǔn)確判斷肝功能具有重要意義。研究[6]報(bào)道,意大利肝癌分期(cancer of the liver Italian program, CLIP)評分系統(tǒng)是評價(jià)TACE術(shù)后發(fā)生急性肝損傷及肝功能衰竭的有效手段,尤其對于急性肝損傷的判斷具有獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢。張珂等[7]以吲哚氰綠實(shí)驗(yàn)及血栓彈力圖(thrombelastography, TEG)建立的肝儲備功能定量評估系統(tǒng),并結(jié)合Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP)評分系統(tǒng),形成了新的肝臟儲備評分系統(tǒng)(Ditan分級),發(fā)現(xiàn)其能夠更全面地評價(jià)肝硬化圍手術(shù)期肝功能。而實(shí)踐中探索發(fā)現(xiàn),CTP評分亦具有一定的局限性[8]。另一種評價(jià)體系,即終未期肝病模型(model for end-stage liver disease, MELD),可用于較準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測肝硬化患者生存期,尤其在判斷終末期肝病病情方面,效果優(yōu)于CTP評分。CTP評分及MELD均可用于評估肝硬化患者肝功能及預(yù)測生存期,但二者的價(jià)值存在爭議,且MELD應(yīng)用于晚期肝癌介入圍手術(shù)期評估方面的研究較少。本研究采用MELD評分評價(jià)介入術(shù)前肝功能及病情程度,并比較CTP評分與MELD對于晚期肝癌患者失代償期肝硬化預(yù)后的評估價(jià)值。
1.1一般資料 收集2008年10月—2010年10月于我院住院接受治療的肝癌患者100例,其中男76例,女24例,年齡36~86歲,平均(65.14±12.4)歲。TACE術(shù)前均經(jīng)CT增強(qiáng)掃描、腫瘤標(biāo)記物甲胎蛋白(alpha fetoprotein, AFP)檢查,符合1990年全國肝癌學(xué)術(shù)會議修訂的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。巴塞羅那臨床分期(Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer, BCLC)為C、D期。術(shù)前根據(jù)MELD公式計(jì)算患者的MELD值,并同時(shí)計(jì)算CTP評分。
1.2儀器與方法 采用GE Corpration Innova DSA機(jī)作為引導(dǎo)設(shè)備,對所有患者均行TACE治療。以2%利多卡因局部麻醉,應(yīng)用Seldinger技術(shù)穿刺右側(cè)股動脈,而后將5F肝管(泰爾茂公司,日本)置入腹腔干,造影發(fā)現(xiàn)肝內(nèi)病灶位置后,將2.7F微導(dǎo)管(Progreat,泰爾茂公司,日本)超選擇至病灶靶血管,局部給予吡柔吡星及羥基喜樹堿化療灌注,再給予碘化油局部栓塞。見圖1。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析 采用SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件包進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。應(yīng)用ROC曲線及曲線下面積(area under the curve, AUC)分析并比較MELD、CTP評分預(yù)測患者生存期的價(jià)值,以Youden指數(shù)最大確定界值。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
TACE術(shù)前采用MELD評分與CTP評分預(yù)測晚期肝癌患者生存期的AUC分別為0.682[95%CI(0.549,0.814)]、0.540[95%CI (0.381,0.698)],二者差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),CTP評分的界值為9.5、MELD評分的界值為19.5。見圖2。
TACE術(shù)后3個(gè)月采用MELD評分與CTP評分預(yù)測晚期肝癌患者生存期的AUC分別為0.701[95%CI(0.566,0.836)]、0.754[95%CI(0.645,0.863)],二者差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),CTP評分的界值為9.5、MELD評分的界值為19.5。見圖3。
TACE術(shù)后6個(gè)月采用MELD評分與CTP評分預(yù)測晚期肝癌患者生存期的AUC分別為0.801[95%CI(0.638,0.964)]、0.889[95%CI (0.775,1.000)],二者差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),CTP評分的界值為9.5、MELD評分的界值為19.5。見圖4。
將CTP評分與MELD評分組成M-C評價(jià)體系,TACE術(shù)前、術(shù)后3、6個(gè)月M-C評價(jià)體系、MELD和CTP評分的AUC值見圖5,M-C評價(jià)體系的AUC高于單純MELD、CTP評分。
根據(jù)BCLC分期系統(tǒng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),晚期肝癌基本包括C和D期。張俊勇等[9]采用ROC曲線及AUC比較MELD、CTP判斷患者生存期的準(zhǔn)確性。TACE可造成一定程度的肝損傷、影響肝功能,尤其對于肝癌合并不同分級的門靜脈癌栓患者,往往造成嚴(yán)重的肝功能損害。Caturelli等[10]報(bào)道無癌栓者雖有CTP評分升高,但一般無肝功能分級變化,但本研究納入對象均為晚期肝癌患者,門靜脈多有不同分級的癌栓,術(shù)后雖經(jīng)過保肝治療,但難以達(dá)到術(shù)前肝功能水平,甚至出現(xiàn)不可逆損傷。TACE術(shù)后早期丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶、總膽紅素等快速升高,代表急性肝功能損傷,考慮除肝細(xì)胞損傷外,還有毛細(xì)膽管損傷。筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)白蛋白呈緩慢下降的趨勢,從大部分病例的病程來看,有不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的趨勢,表現(xiàn)為持續(xù)低蛋白血癥及腹腔積液。國內(nèi)學(xué)者胡凱等[11]利用ROC曲線的AUC進(jìn)行評價(jià)并經(jīng)隨訪證實(shí),MELD及CTP評分系統(tǒng)均能準(zhǔn)確評估生存期及其預(yù)后,與國外研究[12-13]結(jié)果一致。
MELD雖然克服了CTP評分的諸多缺點(diǎn),但在判斷肝功能方面并不顯著優(yōu)于CTP評分[14-17]。雖然CTP評分應(yīng)用了肝性腦病和腹腔積液2個(gè)主觀性指標(biāo),且存在分級范圍有限的缺點(diǎn),但具有指標(biāo)簡便易算等特點(diǎn)。Huo等[18]觀察192例經(jīng)TACE治療的原發(fā)性肝癌患者(無肝外轉(zhuǎn)移,且因肝功能差無手術(shù)切除機(jī)會),分別統(tǒng)計(jì)其圍介入術(shù)期MELD分值,發(fā)現(xiàn)MELD為評估預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,且證實(shí)MELD評分系統(tǒng)可用以監(jiān)測患者肝功能。Kamath等[19]報(bào)道30天內(nèi)MELD的差值(即△MELD)具有重要意義,如△MELD>0表明肝功能惡化,如△MELD=0或<0表明疾病處于平穩(wěn)期或好轉(zhuǎn)。提示MELD和CTP在判斷肝功能情況方面可能具有互補(bǔ)作用。
本研究通過ROC曲線分析發(fā)現(xiàn),MELD同CTP一樣,是判斷晚期肝癌患者中短期預(yù)后的較好的模型,但MELD的判斷能力并不優(yōu)于CTP評分,與Botta等[14,16-17,20]的研究結(jié)果一致。本研究聯(lián)合應(yīng)用MELD及CTP評分組成的M-C評價(jià)體系能夠更準(zhǔn)確評估預(yù)后,且在病情發(fā)展不同階段采用不同預(yù)測方法能夠更接近精準(zhǔn)醫(yī)學(xué)評估,可用于指導(dǎo)醫(yī)師確定介入治療方案。
總之,在判斷晚期肝癌短期預(yù)后方面,MELD與CTP評分均為較好的指標(biāo)。系統(tǒng)介入治療前后聯(lián)合應(yīng)用MELD及CTP組成的M-C評價(jià)體系能夠更準(zhǔn)確地評估預(yù)后。
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魏建(1979—),河北保定人,碩士,主治醫(yī)師。研究方向:腫瘤介入治療。E-mail: helloweijian@163.com
李常青,首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬北京地壇醫(yī)院腫瘤介入科,100015。E-mail: changqing0402@163.com
2016-03-15
2016-06-27
Child-Turcotte-Pugh評分與終未期肝病模型對晚期肝癌患者圍介入術(shù)期的預(yù)后評估
魏 建,李洪璐,郭 江,李常青*
(首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬北京地壇醫(yī)院腫瘤介入科,北京 100015)
目的 探討Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP)評分與終未期肝病模型(MELD)預(yù)測晚期肝癌圍介入手術(shù)期患者生存期的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)及互補(bǔ)性。方法 收集100例晚期肝癌患者,均行TACE,術(shù)前根據(jù)MELD公式計(jì)算患者的MELD值,并同時(shí)計(jì)算CTP評分。應(yīng)用ROC曲線及其曲線下面積(AUC)分析并比較MELD、CTP評分預(yù)測患者生存時(shí)間的價(jià)值。結(jié)果 采用CTP評分判斷患者TACE術(shù)前、術(shù)后3、6個(gè)月生存期的的AUC分別為0.540、0.754、0.889,而采用MELD評分時(shí)分別為0.682、0.701、0.801。2種模型判斷患者生存時(shí)間的AUC差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05)。結(jié)論 在判斷晚期肝癌短期預(yù)后方面,MELD與CTP評分均為較好的指標(biāo)。
肝腫瘤;肝動脈化療栓塞術(shù);終未期肝病模型;生存期
R816; R735.7
A
1672-8475(2016)10-0596-04
10.13929/j.1672-8475.2016.10.004