應(yīng)用Bioz.com系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)全麻中右美托咪定和丙泊酚的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)變化
張敬敏,周國明
(承德醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院疼痛科,河北承德067000)
摘要:目的:評(píng)價(jià)全麻過程中右美托咪定和丙泊酚在同等麻醉深度下無創(chuàng)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)影響。方法:擇期行甲狀腺大部切除術(shù)患者64例,ASA分級(jí)或Ⅱ級(jí)。采用隨機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)表法,分成兩組(n=32):右美托咪定組(D組)和丙泊酚組(C組)。D組入手術(shù)室后給以阿托品0.5mg,咪唑4mg,右美托咪定1.0μg/kg負(fù)荷量10min內(nèi)注完,芬太尼0.25mg,羅庫溴銨50mg誘導(dǎo)插管,后右美托咪定0.5μg·kg-1·h-1麻醉維持。C組給予丙泊酚100mg,其它相同誘導(dǎo)插管,后丙泊酚以靶質(zhì)量濃度設(shè)定為4~5mg/L維持麻醉。兩組術(shù)中均用順阿曲庫銨,瑞芬太尼麻醉維持,用Bioz.com系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測無創(chuàng)血流動(dòng)力學(xué),BIS40~50。于入室(T1),插管前(T2)、后(T3),手術(shù)開始(T4),10min(T5)、拔管前(T6)、后(T7)記錄患者的心率(HR)、平均動(dòng)脈壓(MAP)、心臟指數(shù)(CI)、每搏指數(shù)(SI)、外周循環(huán)阻力(SVR)。結(jié)果:在同等BIS水平,兩組患者瑞芬太尼的劑量D組低于C組。HR、MAP、SI、SVR不同麻醉方法不同麻醉時(shí)相變化趨勢不同,除HR外,D組均比C組穩(wěn)定(P<0.05),CI不同麻醉時(shí)相變化趨勢相同。結(jié)論:右美托咪定負(fù)荷量1.0μg/kg,0.5μg·kg-1·h-1用于全麻誘導(dǎo)和維持,具有鎮(zhèn)靜鎮(zhèn)痛作用,抑制應(yīng)激反應(yīng),血流動(dòng)力學(xué)較穩(wěn)定。
關(guān)鍵詞:右美托咪定;丙泊酚;血流動(dòng)力學(xué);麻醉藥
文章編號(hào):1006-6233(2015)11-1805-03
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:B
Comparing the Hemodynamic Effection of General Anesthesia
Given Dexmedetomidine and Propofol with Bioz.com System
ZHANGJingmin,ZHOUGuoming
(The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Hebei Chengde 067000, China)
Abstract:Objective: To investigate the non-invasive hemodynamic effection during the general anesthesia given dexmedetomidine and propofol under the same anesthesia depth. Method: 64 patients ,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ level,under the elective subtotal thyroidectomy, were randomly divided into two groups: dexmedetomidine group (group D,n=32) and propofol group ( group C,n=32), Atropine 0.5mg, imidazole 4mg, Dexmedetomidine [1.0μg/kg at induction of anesthesia with 10min ,then 0.5 μg·kg-1·h-1 for maintenance of anesthesia] fentanyl 0.25mg, rocuronium 50mg were given to intubate, while Propofol [100mg at induction of anesthesia,then set to target the mass concentration of 4~5mg/L for maintenance of anesthesia]were given to the group C, and the others were the same.During the intraoperative,both of the groups were used the cis-atracurium and remifentanil to maintain of anesthesia, used the Bioz.com to monitor the noninvasive hemodynamic reaction and used the BIS to maintain the same anesthesia depth 40~50. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure(MAP), cardiac index(CI), stroke volume index (SI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR)were recorded before the operation(T1), before the intubation(T2), after the intubation (T3), the beginning of operation (T4), 10min of the operation(T5), before the extubation(T6),after the extubation(T7). Result: In the entire surgical procedure, under the same level of the BIS, two groups of patients in the use of remifentanil dose per unit time difference has statistical significance ,dose was significantly lower in group D. For HR, MAP, SI, SVR,with different anesthetic methods and phase, the change tendency is different,except the HR, group D is more steady (P <0.05). For CI,with different anesthesia phase, change tendency is not different. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine [1.0μg/kg at induction of anesthesia with 10min,then 0.5 μg·kg-1·h-1for maintenance of anesthesia] have sedation analgesia effect, inhibition of stress reaction, and is more stabile than propofol for hemodynamic effection.
Key words: Dexmedetomidine;Propofol;Hemodynamic;Anesthetics
甲狀腺疾病患者激素分泌異常,在手術(shù)及麻醉的刺激下,血流動(dòng)力學(xué)波動(dòng)更加明顯。因此在適當(dāng)?shù)穆樽砩疃群吐樽硭幬镞x擇維持血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的穩(wěn)定起到至關(guān)重要的作用。該類手術(shù)患者多采用丙泊酚復(fù)合麻醉,但異丙酚對(duì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)影響較大。右美托咪定是一種α2-腎上腺素受體激動(dòng)劑,具有鎮(zhèn)靜、鎮(zhèn)痛作用,不良反應(yīng)少,可維持血流動(dòng)力學(xué)穩(wěn)定[1~3]。右美托咪定是否可以用于該類患者麻醉誘導(dǎo)和維持有待探討,本研究擬在同等麻醉深度下,與丙泊酚復(fù)合麻醉比較,評(píng)價(jià)右美托咪定復(fù)合麻醉對(duì)甲狀腺切除術(shù)患者血流動(dòng)力學(xué)影響,從此角度探討右美托咪定是否可以用于全麻誘導(dǎo)和維持。
1資料與方法
本研究已獲本院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患者及其家屬簽署知情同意書。擇期行甲狀腺大部切除術(shù)患者64例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ級(jí),無高血壓、冠心病、糖尿病、中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病,各臟器功能未見異常。采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分成兩組(n=32):右美托咪定組(D組)和丙泊酚組(C組)。
1.1麻醉方法:所有患者于術(shù)前進(jìn)行常規(guī)監(jiān)測,連接監(jiān)護(hù)儀(Intellivue MP30,PHILIPS),連接數(shù)字化無創(chuàng)血流檢測系統(tǒng)(Boiz.com系統(tǒng),美國CardioDynamics公司)和麻醉深度檢測儀(BIS VISTA,美國Aspect Medical Systems.Inc.)進(jìn)入監(jiān)測狀態(tài),右美托咪定組(D組):入手術(shù)室后給以麻醉誘導(dǎo)阿托品0.5mg,咪唑4mg,鹽酸右美托咪定注射液(江蘇恒瑞醫(yī)藥股份有限公司)1.0μg/kg負(fù)荷量10min內(nèi)注完,芬太尼0.25mg,羅庫溴銨50mg后右美以0.51.0μg·kg-1·h-1用于麻醉維持。丙泊酚組(C組):入手術(shù)室后給以麻醉誘導(dǎo)丙泊酚注射液(Corden Pharma S.P.A.)100mg,其他均相同后丙泊酚給靶質(zhì)量濃度設(shè)定為4~5mg/L用于麻醉維持。術(shù)中均以順阿曲庫銨,瑞芬太尼維持麻醉,連接麻醉機(jī)(Datex-Ohmeda Aespire,美國Datex-Ohmeda .Inc.), BIS值 40~50,術(shù)前停藥等待患者蘇醒拔管,送往麻醉恢復(fù)室。
1.2監(jiān)測指標(biāo):分別于入室(T1),插管前(T2)、后(T3),術(shù)開始(T4),10min(T5)、拔管前(T6)、后(T7)不同時(shí)間記錄患者的HR、MAP、CI、SI、SVR值并討論。
2結(jié)果
在同等BIS水平下,兩組患者在單位時(shí)間內(nèi)瑞芬太尼的使用劑量D組低于C組。見表1。HR、MAP、SI、SVR不同麻醉方法不同麻醉時(shí)相變化趨勢不同;CI不同麻醉時(shí)相變化趨勢不同,除HR外,D組均比C組穩(wěn)定(P<0.05),見表2。
歡迎投稿歡迎指正
表1 兩組患者一般情況各指標(biāo)麻醉時(shí)間和用藥劑量的比較 ±s)
注:與C組比較,aP<0.05
表2 兩組患者各時(shí)間點(diǎn)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)指標(biāo)的比較 ±s)
注:組間比較,bP<0.05;組內(nèi)比較,cP<0.05
3討論
Boiz.com系統(tǒng)利用胸電生物阻抗技術(shù)進(jìn)行數(shù)字化無創(chuàng)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)監(jiān)測,在臨床診療過程,參數(shù)的絕對(duì)精確度和相對(duì)精確度與有創(chuàng)方法的良好相關(guān)性已經(jīng)得到驗(yàn)證[4],而且影響相關(guān)性的因素的全面分析,可以和漂浮導(dǎo)管熱稀釋法相媲美。
右美托咪定是相對(duì)選擇性α2-腎上腺素受體激動(dòng)劑,具有鎮(zhèn)靜作用,實(shí)驗(yàn)證明右美托咪定有鎮(zhèn)痛作用,而鎮(zhèn)痛作用的具體分子生物學(xué)和細(xì)胞生物學(xué)機(jī)制還沒有具體共識(shí),需進(jìn)一步探討。
丙泊酚通過配基門控GABAA受體對(duì)神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)GABA的抑制功能產(chǎn)生正向調(diào)節(jié)作用,起到鎮(zhèn)靜和麻醉效應(yīng),右美托咪定同樣具有鎮(zhèn)靜作用,不曾用于全麻維持,實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,右美托咪定用于甲狀腺術(shù)中全麻誘導(dǎo)和維持血流動(dòng)力學(xué)更加穩(wěn)定,同時(shí)抑制了應(yīng)激反應(yīng)。右美托咪定有效降低患者心率,對(duì)于術(shù)前心動(dòng)過緩患者應(yīng)慎重使用。
綜上所述,右美托咪定負(fù)荷量1.0μg/kg,0.5μg·kg-1·h-1用于全麻誘導(dǎo)和維持,具有鎮(zhèn)靜鎮(zhèn)痛作用,抑制應(yīng)激反應(yīng),血流動(dòng)力學(xué)較穩(wěn)定。
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