尹璇,張昊,陳建平,馬莉,張春江,楊曉萍△
1,25(OH)2D3對(duì)人腎小球系膜細(xì)胞增殖及PCNA表達(dá)的影響
尹璇1,張昊1,陳建平1,馬莉1,張春江2,楊曉萍2△
目的探討1,25-二羥基維生素D3[1,25(OH)2D3]對(duì)人腎小球系膜細(xì)胞中增殖細(xì)胞核抗原(PCNA)表達(dá)及細(xì)胞增殖的影響。方法體外培養(yǎng)人腎小球系膜細(xì)胞,取傳代培養(yǎng)至3~8代細(xì)胞隨機(jī)分為4組:正常對(duì)照組(加含5%胎牛血清DMEM培養(yǎng)基),增殖對(duì)照組(EGF組,加10 μg/L的EGF),一般干預(yù)組[VD組,加10-8mol/L 1,25(OH)2D3],增殖干預(yù)組[EGF+VD組,加10 μg/L EGF及10-8mol/L1,25(OH)2D3],均作用48 h。流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)各組細(xì)胞周期;Western blot檢測(cè)各組PCNA表達(dá)的情況。結(jié)果(1)細(xì)胞周期。與正常對(duì)照組相比,EGF組G1期細(xì)胞明顯減少,S、G2/M期細(xì)胞增多,增殖指數(shù)(PI)較高;VD組G1期細(xì)胞明顯增多,S、G2/M期細(xì)胞減少,PI較低;與EGF組相比,VD組和EGF+VD組G1期細(xì)胞增多,S、G2/M期細(xì)胞減少,PI較低,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。(2)系膜細(xì)胞中PCNA蛋白的表達(dá)。與正常對(duì)照組相比,EGF組PCNA的表達(dá)較高,VD組PCNA的表達(dá)較低;與EGF組相比,VD組和EGF+VD組PCNA的表達(dá)較低。結(jié)論1,25(OH)2D3通過(guò)阻滯細(xì)胞周期、抑制PCNA的表達(dá),從而抑制人腎小球系膜細(xì)胞的增殖。
腎小球系膜細(xì)胞;增殖細(xì)胞核抗原;表皮生長(zhǎng)因子;細(xì)胞增殖;細(xì)胞周期;1,25-二羥基維生素D3
腎小球硬化是慢性腎臟?。╟hronic kidney disease,CKD)最常見(jiàn)的病理表現(xiàn),其特征是腎小球系膜細(xì)胞(mesangial cells,MC)過(guò)度增殖和細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)(ECM)的積聚。研究與腎小球系膜細(xì)胞增殖有關(guān)的因素,對(duì)腎小球損傷的逆轉(zhuǎn)非常重要[1]。增殖細(xì)胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)是一種在細(xì)胞周期的G1晚期和S期合成的蛋白質(zhì),在DNA合成與修復(fù)和細(xì)胞周期調(diào)控中被作為常用的增殖標(biāo)志物,檢測(cè)PCNA是研究細(xì)胞的增殖活性的既定方法[2]。腎小球系膜細(xì)胞增生的程度可以由免疫染色PCNA或巨噬細(xì)胞抗原(ED-1)進(jìn)行評(píng)估[3]。1,25-二羥基維生素D3[1,25(OH)2D3]是維生素D3的生物活性形式,具有多種新型生物學(xué)效應(yīng),包括促使腫瘤細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)停滯,誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡和分化。已有研究表明1,25(OH)2D3可顯著抑制大鼠腎小球系膜細(xì)胞增殖[4]。本研究探討1,25(OH)2D3對(duì)人腎小球系膜細(xì)胞增殖及PCNA表達(dá)的影響,為1,25(OH)2D3的臨床應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)。
1.1 材料(1)細(xì)胞株。人腎小球系膜細(xì)胞株(4200)購(gòu)于湘雅醫(yī)學(xué)院中心實(shí)驗(yàn)室。(2)試劑。低糖DMEM、胰蛋白酶(美國(guó)Gibco公司);胎牛血清(杭州四季青生物有限公司);青鏈霉素混合液、二甲基亞砜(DMEO,北京索萊寶生物科技有限公司);磷酸鹽緩沖液即PBS、1,25(OH)2D3、表皮生長(zhǎng)因子(EGF)、碘化丙啶(美國(guó)Sigma公司);小鼠抗人β-actin單克隆抗體、兔抗人PCNA單克隆抗體(Cell Signaling公司);山羊抗兔IgG二抗、山羊抗小鼠IgG二抗(北京中杉金橋生物技術(shù)有限公司)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)及分組用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM完全培養(yǎng)基復(fù)蘇腎小球系膜細(xì)胞,取傳代培養(yǎng)至3~8代細(xì)胞用于實(shí)驗(yàn),采用完全隨機(jī)法將其分為4組:正常對(duì)照組(加含5%胎牛血清DMEM培養(yǎng)基),增殖對(duì)照組(EGF組,加10 μg/L的EGF),一般干預(yù)組[VD組,加10-8mol/L的1,25(OH)2D3],增殖干預(yù)組[EGF+VD組,加10 μg/L EGF以及10-8mol/L 1,25(OH)2D3],均作用48 h。
1.2.2 流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)細(xì)胞周期取對(duì)數(shù)期細(xì)胞,以2×105個(gè)/mL、2 mL/孔接種于6孔板內(nèi),按實(shí)驗(yàn)分組培養(yǎng)48 h,用胰蛋白酶消化細(xì)胞并收集,加入75%冰乙醇,吹打均勻,-20℃固定過(guò)夜,上機(jī)前再次離心,并用PBS洗滌1遍后,加500 μL PBS重懸細(xì)胞,加入RNA酶使其終濃度為10 g/L,30 min后加PI染色,終濃度變?yōu)?0 mg/L,37℃避光保存,30 min后流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)細(xì)胞周期,計(jì)算增殖指數(shù)[PI=(S+G2M)/(G1+ S+G2M)]。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.2.3 Western blot檢測(cè)人腎小球系膜細(xì)胞中PCNA的表達(dá)取對(duì)數(shù)期細(xì)胞,胰蛋白酶消化計(jì)數(shù)后,接種于一次性培養(yǎng)瓶,24 h后細(xì)胞貼壁,用無(wú)血清DMEM培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)24 h,同步化于G0期,按實(shí)驗(yàn)分組培養(yǎng)48 h,收集并裂解細(xì)胞,高速低溫離心25 min,取上清煮沸5~10 min使蛋白變性,上樣電泳,PVDF轉(zhuǎn)膜,5%奶粉封閉,將PVDF膜置于一抗孵育(4℃過(guò)夜),TBST洗滌3×10 min,二抗孵育(室溫1 h),TBST洗滌3×10 min,加ECL發(fā)光試劑,暗室曝光。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法應(yīng)用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件處理數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,多組間比較采用方差分析,組間多重比較用LSD法,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 各組腎小球系膜細(xì)胞形態(tài)及生長(zhǎng)情況的比較正常對(duì)照組胞體透亮,形態(tài)呈梭形,不規(guī)則星形、樹(shù)枝狀,密集處細(xì)胞重疊呈網(wǎng)狀,胞漿、胞質(zhì)較清楚;EGF組數(shù)目較多,形態(tài)與正常對(duì)照組相比無(wú)明顯改變;VD組呈現(xiàn)一定程度的細(xì)胞凋亡,細(xì)胞體積縮小,胞核皺縮,數(shù)目較正常對(duì)照組減少,部分細(xì)胞漂??;EGF+VD組細(xì)胞形態(tài)及生長(zhǎng)情況與正常對(duì)照組大致相同,數(shù)目略有增加,見(jiàn)圖1。
Fig.1Changes of mesangial cell morphology after 48-h drug intervention圖1 藥物干預(yù)48 h后系膜細(xì)胞形態(tài)的變化(×200)
2.2 1,25(OH)2D3對(duì)腎小球系膜細(xì)胞周期的影響與正常對(duì)照組相比,EGF組G1期細(xì)胞明顯減少,S、G2/M期細(xì)胞增多,PI較高;VD組G1期細(xì)胞明顯增多,S、G2/M期細(xì)胞減少,PI較低,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05);EGF+VD組細(xì)胞周期各時(shí)相分布與正常對(duì)照組差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。與EGF組相比,VD組和EGF+VD組G1期細(xì)胞增多,S、G2/M期細(xì)胞減少,PI較低,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.3 腎小球系膜細(xì)胞中PCNA的表達(dá)情況正常對(duì)照組、EGF組、VD組和EGF+VD組PCNA/β-actin灰度值比值分別是1.09±0.15、1.62±0.20、0.69±0.14和1.14±0.24,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=15.720,P<0.05)。與正常對(duì)照組相比,EGF組PCNA的表達(dá)較高,VD組PCNA的表達(dá)較低,EGF+VD組與正常對(duì)照組差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;與EGF組相比,VD組和EGF+VD組PCNA的表達(dá)較低。與正常對(duì)照組比較,EGF組可見(jiàn)蛋白條帶明顯粗而深,VD組蛋白條帶則變淺變細(xì),EGF+VD組與正常對(duì)照組接近,見(jiàn)圖2。
Tab.1The distribution of cell cycle detected by flow cytometry in four groups表1 4組細(xì)胞周期各時(shí)相分布比較(n=10,%,)
Tab.1The distribution of cell cycle detected by flow cytometry in four groups表1 4組細(xì)胞周期各時(shí)相分布比較(n=10,%,)
*P<0.05;a與正常對(duì)照組比較,b與EGF組比較,P<0.05
組別正常對(duì)照組EGF組VD組EGF+VD組F細(xì)胞周期各時(shí)相分布G1期S期G2/M期74.38±1.63 64.71±1.70a80.89±1.47ab73.88±1.37b184.350*19.75±1.27 26.73±1.48a14.54±1.11ab20.58±1.72b124.391*5.08±1.87 7.44±2.26a4.42±2.00ab6.08±1.89b4.283*PI 25.02±1.11 34.52±1.97a18.98±1.58ab26.48±2.12b135.424*
Fig.2PCNA expression of mesangial cells detected by Western-blot assay in four groups圖2 Western-blot檢測(cè)各組系膜細(xì)胞中PCNA表達(dá)的情況
1,25(OH)2D3是維生素D3的生物活性形式,具有多種生物學(xué)效應(yīng)。除了經(jīng)典的鈣、磷調(diào)節(jié)作用外,1,25(OH)2D3可通過(guò)誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡及阻滯細(xì)胞周期,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞凋亡及生長(zhǎng)停滯[5]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)1,25(OH)2D3干預(yù)后,腎功能衰竭(腎衰)大鼠模型中系膜細(xì)胞減少,PCNA染色表達(dá)量也降低,提示PCNA可用來(lái)檢測(cè)腎小球系膜細(xì)胞的增殖情況[6]。另有研究表明1, 25(OH)2D3在治療大鼠腎炎模型的過(guò)程中可減少蛋白尿,炎性細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),抑制腎小球系膜細(xì)胞增殖,加速腎小球損傷修復(fù)等重要作用[7]。
PCNA作為反映細(xì)胞增殖最主要的標(biāo)志物之一,PCNA mRNA的表達(dá)存在于細(xì)胞周期的所有階段,在多種細(xì)胞中發(fā)現(xiàn)其具有調(diào)控細(xì)胞周期和DNA復(fù)制的功能[8-9]。本課題組前期研究1,25(OH)2D3對(duì)大鼠系膜增生性腎炎的作用發(fā)現(xiàn),1,25(OH)2D3可從多方面抑制PCNA的表達(dá),并抑制腎小球系膜細(xì)胞增殖,從而延緩腎小球疾病的進(jìn)展[10]。本研究進(jìn)一步探討1,25(OH)2D3對(duì)人腎小球系膜細(xì)胞中PCNA表達(dá)的影響,結(jié)果顯示,1,25(OH)2D3干預(yù)腎小球系膜細(xì)胞后,與正常對(duì)照組比較,光鏡下細(xì)胞數(shù)目明顯減少,呈現(xiàn)一定程度的細(xì)胞凋亡,細(xì)胞體積縮小,胞核皺縮;G1期細(xì)胞顯著增多,S期、G2/M期細(xì)胞數(shù)量明顯減少,提示1,25(OH)2D3可通過(guò)阻滯細(xì)胞周期,使細(xì)胞停滯在G1靜止期,不轉(zhuǎn)入S期、G2期進(jìn)行DNA復(fù)制、有絲分裂,從而抑制細(xì)胞增殖;本研究中VD組PCNA表達(dá)量較正常對(duì)照組顯著降低,進(jìn)一步證實(shí)1,25(OH)2D3通過(guò)抑制人腎小球系膜細(xì)胞中PCNA的表達(dá)來(lái)抑制細(xì)胞增殖。
EGF是一種小肽,由53個(gè)氨基酸殘基組成,是在體內(nèi)體外都對(duì)多種組織細(xì)胞有強(qiáng)烈的促分裂作用的一種多功能生長(zhǎng)因子。EGF可減少細(xì)胞凋亡,并促進(jìn)細(xì)胞增殖[11]。研究表明醛固酮通過(guò)激活依賴(lài)EGF結(jié)合EGFR的PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路刺激腎小球系膜細(xì)胞增殖[12]。因此本研究設(shè)立EGF誘導(dǎo)腎小球系膜細(xì)胞增殖的微環(huán)境,進(jìn)一步觀察1,25(OH)2D3是否在細(xì)胞被誘導(dǎo)增殖的情況下,同樣可以抑制細(xì)胞周期。結(jié)果顯示,1,25(OH)2D3聯(lián)合EGF干預(yù)后與EGF組比較,G1期細(xì)胞顯著增多,S期、G2/M期細(xì)胞數(shù)目明顯減少,提示1,25(OH)2D3可通過(guò)抑制細(xì)胞周期來(lái)抑制正常腎小球系膜細(xì)胞增殖,也可抑制EGF作用下的腎小球系膜細(xì)胞增殖;研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)1,25 (OH)2D3聯(lián)合EGF干預(yù)后與EGF組比較,腎小球系膜細(xì)胞中的PCNA表達(dá)量也明顯下降,提示1,25 (OH)2D3可通過(guò)抑制EGF作用下細(xì)胞PCNA的表達(dá)來(lái)抑制細(xì)胞增殖。
綜上所述,1,25(OH)2D3可通過(guò)阻滯細(xì)胞周期和抑制PCNA的表達(dá)來(lái)抑制人腎小球系膜細(xì)胞的增殖,并可抑制EGF對(duì)人腎小球系膜細(xì)胞的增殖作用,但其具體作用機(jī)制有待進(jìn)一步研究證實(shí)。
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(2014-09-03收稿2014-09-28修回)
(本文編輯陳麗潔)
Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3on proliferation and expression of PCNA of human glomerular mesangial cells
YIN Xuan1,ZHANG Hao1,CHEN Jianping1,MA Li1,ZHANG Chunjiang2,YANG Xiaoping2△
1 Medical College of Shihezi University,Xinjiang 832000,China;2 Department of Nephrology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shihezi University△
ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3]on PCNA expression and cell proliferation in human glomerular mesangial cells.MethodsThe cultured human mesangial cells,which was subcultured 3-8 generations,were randomly divided into four groups:normal control group(plus the DMEM medium containing 5%fetal bovine serum),proliferation in the control group(EGF group,plus 10 μg/L of EGF),general intervention group[VD group,plus 10-8mol/L of 1,25(OH)2D3],proliferation in the intervention group[EGF+VD group,plus 10 μg/L EGF and 10-8mol/L 1,25(OH)2D3]for treatment of 48 h.The cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry,and the expression of PCNA was detected by Western blot assay in four groups.Results(1)Compared with normal control group,G1phase cells were significantly reduced,S,G2/M phase cells were increased and PI index was higher in EGF group.And G1phase cells were significantly increased,S and G2/M phase cells were significantly decreased,and PI index was lower in VD group.Compared with the EGF group,G1phase cells were significantly increased in VD group and EGF+VD group,and S,G2/M phase cells decreased,PI index was lower.(2)Compared with normal control group,the expression of PCNA was higher in EGF group,and lower in VD group.Compared with EGF group,the expression of PCNA was lower in VD group and EGF+VD group.Conclusion1,25(OH)2D3inhibits the proliferation of human glomerular mesangial cells by arresting cell cycle and inhibiting the expression of PCNA protein.
glornerular mesangial cells;proliferating cell nuclear antigen;epidermal growth factor;cell proliferation; cell cycle;1,25(OH)2D3
R692
A
10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.01.005
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(81160090)
1新疆石河子大學(xué)(郵編832000);2新疆石河子大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院腎病科
尹璇(1988),女,碩士在讀,主要從事腎小管疾病研究
△通訊作者E-mail:sbkyxp@163.com