建筑設(shè)計(jì)：陳浩如/杭州山上建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所

太陽公社竹構(gòu)系列，杭州，浙江，中國

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：陳浩如/杭州山上建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所

1 豬圈外景/Exterior view of pigsty

鄉(xiāng)村實(shí)驗(yàn)中的自然構(gòu)筑

項(xiàng)目基地位于杭州西部山區(qū)中，是一個(gè)擁有140戶農(nóng)戶的自然村落。豬圈的主要建筑材料采用了原場地生長的毛竹構(gòu)建和溪坑卵石砌筑，工匠陳師傅是場地農(nóng)民的大兒子，工人和材料均來自當(dāng)?shù)亍ＴO(shè)計(jì)過程中對動(dòng)物的習(xí)性做了研究，并將輪牧方式和飼養(yǎng)場地做了規(guī)劃。豬群有專門的宿舍、喂食區(qū)、外置的廁所、室外活動(dòng)場和泳池。場地上不再動(dòng)土開挖，巨型青竹構(gòu)筑連成一個(gè)自我穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu)體，如同一只大鳥落在石砌矮墻上。手工編織的茅草采自附近山區(qū)，由公社發(fā)動(dòng)村民集體編制后，再由工人干掛到竹構(gòu)屋頂上。

雞舍基地在山谷盡端的農(nóng)業(yè)小水庫和北側(cè)山地之間夯實(shí)的平地上，由小細(xì)木均勻插入地面形成淺基礎(chǔ)。木基礎(chǔ)的頂部以毛竹搭出一個(gè)平臺(tái)，兩個(gè)8m×8m的竹構(gòu)單元置于其上，形成一個(gè)開敞而結(jié)實(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)，屋頂為簡單快速的竹瓦構(gòu)造，對結(jié)構(gòu)起到穩(wěn)定作用。竹構(gòu)內(nèi)部高挑寬敞，密布桿件，可容納禽類棲居其上。

根據(jù)季節(jié)的不同，山谷里收割不到茅草，但是竹子到處都是，于是改用竹瓦做這個(gè)竹構(gòu)的屋頂。每一條做瓦片的竹子會(huì)被竹匠從中間一切為二，弧形的竹條成為自然的瓦片，人們只需要將竹節(jié)打穿，這半條竹子就能成為一條非常理想的連續(xù)瓦片。每一條竹瓦的竹節(jié)都是竹匠彎腰用榔頭清理過。正反面的竹瓦相互扣置，為了使之連接平滑，竹瓦中竹節(jié)的清理也分外講究。整個(gè)竹構(gòu)屋頂用去了超過200根青竹，而屋頂上沒有用一塊化工材料做防水。

長亭基地在水庫堤壩上，視野開闊，通風(fēng)良好。其基礎(chǔ)為堤壩頂部，早已夯實(shí)，在其上放置6根原木作為基礎(chǔ)，上鋪木板相連，5開間的竹構(gòu)和底部的原木和木板形成一個(gè)獨(dú)立而緊密的結(jié)構(gòu)體。每個(gè)單元的開間為4m×3m，尺度適合人居，功能為農(nóng)人在工作時(shí)休憩使用。

2 長亭外景/Exterior view of pavilion

Natural Construction in Rural Experiments

This project is located in the mountain area in West Hangzhou, in a natural village with 140 farmer households. The main material of the pigsty is the native bamboo and pebbles picked from rivulet. The craftsman Chen is the eldest son of a farmer on the farm, other workers and materials are all local. During the design process, animal behavior was studied. Rotational grazing and feedlot were planned at the same time. Special dormitory, feeding area, outdoor toilet, exercise field and swimming pool were designed for the pigs. Excavation was no longer needed on the site, instead, a self-stable bamboo structure, like a big bird, landed on the stone parapets. Thatch picked from the mountains nearby was first knitted by the villagers at the call of the commune and hanged onto the roof of the structure by the workers.

The henhouse was built on the compacted flat ground at the end of the valley, between the small agricultural reservoir and the hills in the north. A shallow foundation was formed by inserting tiny wood into the ground uniformly. On the top of the wood foundation a bamboo platform was built and on the platform two 8m×8m bamboo units were used to form an open and sturdy structure. The roof, a simple structure of bamboo tiles, brought stability to the whole construction. The interior space, tall and spacious, was densely decorated with bars for the poultry rest on.

Due to the changing of the seasons, thatch is impossible to harvest throughout the whole year, whereas bamboo can be found anywhere anytime in the mountain. Therefore, instead of thatch, bamboo tiles were applied to the roof. Each bamboo was split into two arch-shaped pieces to become natural tiles. When the joints were pierced, the bamboo stem turned into an ideal strip of continuous tiles. The joints on each bamboo were cleaned by craftsmen with hammers to make the front and the back of bamboo tiles buckled perfectly together. In order to smooth the connection, strict cleaning process was required. The roof of the whole structure was made with more than two hundred pieces of bamboo. No chemical material was needed for water resistance.

The Pavilion is located on the dam of the reservoir with great view and good ventilation. The top of the dam is compacted and serves as the foundation of the Pavilion. The base consists of six logs, connected and covered by planks. Together with the 5-bay bamboo structure, they form an independent and compact unity. Each bay covers an area of 4m×3m, a suitable scale for people to live in. It functions as a resting place for the farmers at work.

3 長亭外景/Exterior view of pavilion

4 環(huán)境/Envionment

5 長亭內(nèi)景/Interior view of pavilion

6 豬圈剖面/Section of pigsty

7 豬圈內(nèi)景/Interior view of pigsty

8 雞舍剖面/Section of henhouse

9 長亭立面/Elevation of pavilion

10-12 細(xì)部/Details

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client：臨安太陽公社生態(tài)農(nóng)場/Taiyang Organic Farming Commune

主持建筑師/Principal Architect：陳浩如/CHEN Haoru

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team：陳浩如，謝晨云，馬成龍，王春威，朱驍成，顧安婕/CHEN Haoru, XIE Chenyun, MA Chenglong, WANG Chunwei, ZHU Xiaocheng, GU Anjie

項(xiàng)目功能/Program：豬圈，雞舍，長亭/Pigsty, henhouse, pavilion

豬圈場地面積/Land scale of the Pigsty：2000m2

豬圈建筑面積/Pigsty Floor Area：256m2

雞舍建筑面積/Henhouse Floor Area：130m2

長亭建筑面積/Pavilion Floor Area：120m2

建筑材料/Materials：青竹，溪坑石，茅草/Bamboo, creek pebbles, thatch

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period：2013

攝影/Photos：呂恒中/LU Hengzhong

13.14 環(huán)境/Environment

15 雞舍軸測/Concept diagram of henhouse

評論

方曉風(fēng)：豬圈、雞舍能進(jìn)入業(yè)界乃至大眾的視界，確乎是有點(diǎn)邪性的故事，但細(xì)究之下，仍不外乎因?yàn)橐环N不茍且的設(shè)計(jì)態(tài)度。建筑師依據(jù)現(xiàn)實(shí)的條件，發(fā)展出了一套簡明而成熟的竹構(gòu)體系，用平實(shí)的語言將田園風(fēng)情渲染得讓人沉醉。簡單的事情用心做，做好了，爆發(fā)出的力量或許也是建筑師未曾預(yù)料的。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目更大的意義在于，告訴廣大設(shè)計(jì)師們，機(jī)會(huì)是自己創(chuàng)造的，關(guān)于機(jī)運(yùn)喋喋不休的抱怨，可以休矣。

張曉春：與其說是單純的建造過程，不如說是建筑師用專業(yè)知識(shí)來學(xué)習(xí)鄉(xiāng)土和挖掘鄉(xiāng)土的過程。從比例協(xié)調(diào)、尺度適宜的體量、形態(tài)以及建造方式看，“青竹+茅草+溪坑石”的構(gòu)筑和場地形成了簡潔而默契的關(guān)系，青竹的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)架和節(jié)點(diǎn)構(gòu)造、青竹和其他材料（茅草、溪坑石）的組合關(guān)系也明確清晰。建筑師的專業(yè)知識(shí)和鄉(xiāng)村傳統(tǒng)的環(huán)境觀、對自然材料的理解、使用方式和加工工藝之間也達(dá)成了某種默契。

Comments

FANG Xiaofeng: The selection of sty and coop into professional and public publications, at first sight, seems irrelevant and ridiculous, however, a close examination reveals that it stemmed from a serious design practice. Based on realities, the architect developed a series of concise and mature bamboo systems that enhanced the pastoral scenery through vernacular language. If we can put all our heart into simple things, powerful result can be stimulated unexpectedly. The significance of this project is to tell designers that opportunities can be created, thereby it is time to stop the endless complaints.

ZHANG Xiaochun: Rather than a simple construction, this project is better to be regarded as a process during which the architect uses his expertise to study and explore local features. In view of the appropriate volume, form, and construction methods, the construction of "bamboo + thatch + creek pebbles" forms a concise and tacit relationship with the project site. The bamboo structure framework and the joint tectonics, as well as the combination of bamboo and other materials (thatch and creek pebbles), are clear and explicit.The expertise of the architect, the traditional view of the rural environment, and the understanding, use, and processing of natural materials have also worked with each other in a tacit manner.

Bamboo Design in Taiyang Farming Commune, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 2014

Architects：CHEN Haoru/Citiarc Design Office