建筑設(shè)計：穆魯亞-巴倫蘇埃拉建筑師事務(wù)所

Architects: Murúa-Valenzuela Arguitectos

塔爾塔爾公共圖書館，塔爾塔爾，智利

Taltal Public Library, Taltal, Chile, 2010

建筑設(shè)計：穆魯亞-巴倫蘇埃拉建筑師事務(wù)所

Architects: Murúa-Valenzuela Arguitectos

1 外景/Exterior view

塔爾塔爾是安托法加斯塔區(qū)的一個海濱城鎮(zhèn)，位于南緯25.4°，安托法加斯塔市以南306km處。

新的公共圖書館設(shè)計項目源起于塔爾塔爾市當(dāng)局2008年發(fā)起的公共競賽，我們提交的方案獲得了第一名。

新的圖書館位于市政用地上，面對塔爾塔爾中央廣場，緊鄰剛剛完成更新的阿爾罕布拉劇院。設(shè)計概念集中于構(gòu)建劇院與圖書館間的文化網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

圖書館的用地為40m×7m的長方形地塊，場地的尺度對建筑的特殊組織方式產(chǎn)生了重要影響。

設(shè)計將圖書館分為3層，根據(jù)閱覽室類型選擇不同的層高。內(nèi)部庭院將公共區(qū)域與內(nèi)部工作區(qū)域分開，同時也提供了非正式的閱讀空間。

建筑面臨的問題之一是，它的高度將超過城市中建筑的平均高度。建筑面向廣場的立面寬7m，兩面隔墻則分別長達(dá)40m，這將在城市中大部分區(qū)域都清晰可見。為解決這個問題，我們決定將總共長達(dá)80m的兩堵隔墻作為立面而不是單純意義上的隔墻來進(jìn)行設(shè)計。在這一理念指導(dǎo)下，我們設(shè)計了巨大的天窗，為大廳提供了充足光照，同時還在水泥抹灰外墻表面對其肌理進(jìn)行了視覺藝術(shù)設(shè)計。

建筑底部的兩層使用了梁柱結(jié)構(gòu)體系，以解放內(nèi)部空間。頂層則使用金屬結(jié)構(gòu)，形成多個由波浪狀金屬板包裹的體量。

為了實現(xiàn)建筑外墻的浮雕肌理，我們與水泥公司和模板公司合作，以使表面的顏色隨肌理變化而變化。墻體浮雕的圖案模仿了阿爾罕布拉劇院當(dāng)中的裝飾圖案，這些圖案在城市內(nèi)的其他建筑中也常常見到?！酰愜?譯）

項目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: Benjamin Murúa, Rodrigo Valenzuela

項目團(tuán)隊/Project Team: Ximena Vallejos, Miguel Mallea

設(shè)計時間/Design Period: 2008

建造時間/Construction Period: 2009-2010

攝影/Photos:Macarena Alvarez

2 外景/Exterior view

3 遠(yuǎn)景/Distant view

4 地段位置/Location

5 首層平面/Floor 0 plan

6 二層平面/Floor 1 plan

8. 9 立面浮雕/Relief texture on facade

10 沿街立面/Street elevation

Taltal is a coastal town in the Antofagasta Region, 306 km. south of the city of Antofagasta, at 25.4°latitude south.

The project to design the new public library arose from a public competition organized by the Municipality of Taltal in 2008. Our firm submitted a project which received the first prize.

The new library's site was a municipal plot, facing Taltal's central square, near the recently remodeled Alhambra Theater. The idea was to form a cultural network between the theater and the new library.

The dimensions of the site－40 meters long and 7 meters wide－h(huán)ighly influenced and defined the special organization of the building.

We decided to divide the design into three floors, creating spaces of varied heights that depend on the type of the reading rooms. There is also an interior patio that divides the public areas from the internal working areas, apart from serving as an informal reading space.

One of the issues that we took into consideration when developing the project was that the building would be higher than the average height of the rest of the city's buildings. There would be a 7 meter facade facing the square, and two dividing walls of 40 meters each－80 meters all together－that would be visible from a large portion of the city. Due to this factor, we decided to take the walls as facades instead of simply perceiving them as dividing walls. This idea had its influence in several ways, including the design of the large skylights that illuminate the main hall, as well as providing a texture with visual designs to the exterior cement wall.

On the first two floors of the building we used a structure involving pillars of support and beamed tiles in order to free up the interior space almost entirely. On the upper levels, we decided to create some volume with metallic structures, sheathing them with wavy metal plates.

To achieve the relief texture on the exterior cement, we worked together with both a cement company and a formwork company. The idea behind this was to create a wall whose surface changes its colors along with the changes in texture. The design pattern reproduces ornamental figures that we found in the AlhambraTheater and also in several other buildings in the city. □

11 內(nèi)景/Interior view

12 內(nèi)景/Interior view

評論

方曉風(fēng)：這個項目的華彩部分是屋頂，既是采光利器，又是造型要素，同時控制空間節(jié)奏。對于面寬只有7m的狹長用地而言，顯示了設(shè)計師純熟的專業(yè)能力。手法巧妙，使得這一低成本的建造項目呈現(xiàn)出令人驚訝的良好空間品質(zhì)，智利建筑的水準(zhǔn)由此可見一斑。低技術(shù)手段的精致化使用，是這個項目予人啟發(fā)的另一方面。

易娜：像智利這個國家的奇幻和豐富多樣，這棟不到300m2的公共圖書館，散發(fā)出那么一股子諧趣，屋頂?shù)臉?gòu)思直接起源于與城市背后那座山峰的呼應(yīng)。只有7m的面寬和長達(dá)40m的進(jìn)深，沿街的立面夾雜在身旁破敗的民房當(dāng)中并不起眼。通過剖面可以清晰地看到一層辦公、兩層閱覽空間和局部三層屋頂平臺的變化和序列。小庭院，屋頂?shù)钠鸱c隱喻，外墻材質(zhì)的變化，平臺上望出去的風(fēng)景，現(xiàn)代建筑的體量與繁復(fù)的門窗細(xì)部并置，這是個不怕變化到讓人眼花的小房子。

Comments

FANG Xiaofeng: The cadenza of the library is its roof, which serves both as an illumination device and a formal element while at the same time controls the spatial rhythm. Given the long and narrow site with a width of only 7m, the designer's expertise is fully demonstrated. Ingenious approach endows this low-cost project with a surprisingly fine spatial quality, which attests to Chile's architectural standard. Low-tech means are applied in the most delicate way – another inspiring aspect of the project.

YI Na: Like Chile itself, a world of fantasy and diversity, this public library with an area of no more than 300m2 gives forth a witty, humorous flavor. Its roof form directly echoing the mountain peak behind the city. With a width of only 7m and a length of 40m, the street facade is inconspicuously mixed up with derelict neighboring houses. The sections clearly reveal changes and sequences between 1st-floor office areas, 2nd-floor reading areas and partial roof terrace on the 3rd-floor. Small courtyards, adulating roof and its metaphor, diverse wall materials, views from the terrace, juxtaposition of modern architectural volume and sophisticated door-window details, all make for a small building of infinitely dazzling changing aspects.

13 天花板/Ceiling

14 露臺/Terrace

15 剖面/Section