建筑設(shè)計(jì)：特奧多羅·費(fèi)爾南德斯建筑有限公司

考卡瑞城市公園，科皮亞波，智利

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：特奧多羅·費(fèi)爾南德斯建筑有限公司

科皮亞波在城市化過程中向河流南端擴(kuò)張，在河床及其漫水區(qū)形成了超過200hm2的空白地帶。這一空白地帶處于城市中心的優(yōu)越位置，卻由于資源掠奪、垃圾傾倒、礦物流失和水源缺乏而形成生態(tài)衰退，成為橫亙城市中的發(fā)展障礙。

考卡瑞城市公園的核心目標(biāo)在于將科皮亞波河的河床地帶進(jìn)行重建，在恢復(fù)水體水力功能的同時(shí)，為城市帶來一處易達(dá)的景色宜人的城市綠色空間。

因此，該公園在城市、建筑和景觀不同層面提出了各具特色的應(yīng)對(duì)策略。

首先，通過與諸多公共機(jī)構(gòu)的合作獲得相關(guān)資金，一個(gè)國家公園體系被構(gòu)建起來。

在城市層面，場(chǎng)地面臨的限制條件通過設(shè)計(jì)轉(zhuǎn)化為優(yōu)勢(shì)——借助交通布局的疏理和道路連接，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)此前被河流隔斷的科皮亞波城市空間的縫補(bǔ)。

水力層面的策略則聚焦于對(duì)科皮亞波河河床的自然生態(tài)恢復(fù)?？紤]到河流本身的斷面形態(tài)能夠控制洪水泛濫，保證市民進(jìn)入公園的安全控制，設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)此加以利用，使水體恢復(fù)盡量自然進(jìn)行。

在建筑層面，設(shè)計(jì)者構(gòu)思了一個(gè)復(fù)合功能的綠色空間，以容納多樣的公共活動(dòng)，提升安全感，將考卡瑞城市公園發(fā)展為科皮亞波市民享有的文化、娛樂、景觀空間。公園設(shè)計(jì)的核心框架是為河流及其延伸地帶的不同方向確立不同的空間策略。沿北側(cè)河岸，幾何學(xué)控制下的直線型道路組成交錯(cuò)縱橫的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，形成與相鄰城市環(huán)境的連接；沿南側(cè)河岸，組織空間的手法則延續(xù)周邊肌理而變得更為有機(jī)，形成生動(dòng)的波浪形態(tài)。從另一個(gè)角度來看，緊鄰5號(hào)高速公路和城市中心區(qū)域的部分，集中安排了服務(wù)于城市居民的功能；面向埃爾普雷提爾公園和體育場(chǎng)大街的部分則布置了體育和娛樂的活動(dòng)中心。

考卡瑞城市公園還從材料、景觀和環(huán)境等方面對(duì)整個(gè)區(qū)域的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了整合，包括對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)貏?dòng)植物群落的引入以及對(duì)城市及其歷史文脈環(huán)境的尊重——設(shè)計(jì)模仿了周圍自然景觀的形態(tài)，增加了當(dāng)?shù)刂参锖蛣?dòng)物多樣性，恢復(fù)了原生自然水文狀態(tài)。公園的節(jié)點(diǎn)構(gòu)造通過具有歷史特色的材料選擇，形成了與過去的連接，折射出采礦業(yè)、鐵路等別具特征的城市歷史記憶?！酰愜?譯）

1 地段位置/Location

2 平面/Plan

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: Teodoro Fernádez

Larra?aga, Macarena Gaete Cruz, Milva Pesce Traverso,

Paulina Courard Délano

合作建筑師/Collaborator Architects: Benjamín López Vera, Claudio Torres Salazar, Miguel ángel Reyes Benz

駐場(chǎng)建筑師/Resident Architect: Julián Herrera López

水力工程/Hydraulic Engineering: Bonifacio Fernández Larra?aga, Domenico Sciolla P.

城市顧問/Urban Consultant: Luis Eduardo Bresciani Lecanellier

道路與鋪裝/Road and Paving: Ingeniería y Construcción RyH Ltda., Hector Gutierrez Ibarra

照明設(shè)計(jì)/Lighting: Limarí Lighting Design, Pascal Chautard

結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Structural Engineering: Antonio Ramírez Urra

電力項(xiàng)目/Electrical Project: PROINGEL, Mauricio Camus S., Riavsa, Cristián Nettle M.

標(biāo)識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)/Signs Design: Sergio Ramírez Flores

地形學(xué)/Topography: Relatop Servicios Topográficos

土壤力學(xué)研究/Soil Mechanic Studies: Ruz Vukasovic y Compa?ía Ltda.

尾礦池管理/Tailing Basin Management: Carlos Vergara Parra

衛(wèi)生設(shè)施/Sanitary Installations: Patricio Moya L.

衛(wèi)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)擴(kuò)建/Sanitary Network Extension: Alfredo Villalobos V.

水體可用性研究/Water Availability Study: Humberto Acu?a de la Jara

農(nóng)學(xué)家/Agronomist: Ximena Nasal Manzur

市民參與/Citizen Participation: Patricia Ramírez Lazo

項(xiàng)目評(píng)估/Project Evaluation: Cristóbal Zolezzi Iturra

選題研究/Title Studies: Joel Moya Morales

DOH審查/DOH Review: Romina Aranda M.

體積計(jì)算/Cubage: Gabriel Pantoja Arratia

視頻與模型/Videos and Models: Fósforo Digital Lab, Hugo Sepúlveda

一期預(yù)算/1st Stage Budget: 3 UF/m2

一期建設(shè)用地/1st Stage Constructed Area: 60,000m2

項(xiàng)目時(shí)間/Project Period: 2010-2014

攝影/Photos:Courtesy of Teodoro Fernández Arquitectos

3 外景/Exterior view

4-6 外景/Exterior views

The urbanization of the city of Copiapó towards the south edge of its river left more than 200 empty hectares that are part of the riverbed and its terraces. This void, with its privileged central location, has become a physical limit for the city and has gone through a serious degradation due to arid land reclamation, rubbish disposal, mining waste and the absence of water.

The Kaukari Urban Park's main objective is to develop the riverbed of the Copiapó River into an accessible urban green space that provides an enjoyable landscape and a hydraulic solution at the same time.

In this aspect, the Kaukari Urban Park has many specific objectives in urban, architectural and landscape terms.

First, the Kaukari Urban Park consists of the design of a unified park, developed through the collaboration of several public institutions and their sectoral funds.

In urban terms, the limits of the park are removed through the materialization of a traffic layout that stitches the once divided city of Copiapó.

The hydraulic approach consists in the renaturalization of the riverbed of the Copiapó River considering a profile of the river itself that can control floods and allow for safe access for the community.

The architecture consists of a multi-functional green area for different communal activities and provides a sense of security, turning the Kaukari Urban Park into a civic, cultural and recreational landscape for the city of Copiapó. The design for the main structure of the park proposes different purposes for each side of the river and its extension. Towards the north bank, a series of interwoven but geometrically straight paths relate to the urban condition. Towards the south bank one finds a more waving and organic situation. On the other hand, the areas close to the highway Route 5 and to the center of the city serve for urban and civic programs, and the areas facing the El Pretil and Stadium Avenue contain sports and recreational centers.

Finally, the Kaukari Urban Park integrates material, landscape and environmental aspects in the design of the whole area, with the inclusion of endemic flora and fauna, in such a way that is compatible with the city and its history－a mimesis of the natural landscape, local flora and fauna, and hydrology. The tectonics of the park reveal that the material identity links the city and its mining and railway past. □

7. 8 剖面/Sections

評(píng)論

王路：城市總在不斷地演變，處在一個(gè)不斷犯錯(cuò)、糾錯(cuò)的過程中，科皮亞波也是如此。原來一片幾乎被邊緣化和廢棄的河灘地，通過城市、建筑和景觀不同層面上細(xì)致而又各具特色的設(shè)計(jì)策略，被改造成一個(gè)具有復(fù)合功能的城市公園，成為科皮亞波市民的文化、娛樂和景觀空間。在這里，不僅河床的自然生態(tài)得到了修復(fù)，城市的歷史記憶也得以重構(gòu)。佘依爽：恰到好處的生態(tài)景觀化恢復(fù)

項(xiàng)目處于寸土寸金的城市中心地帶，為了恢復(fù)河流自然形態(tài)并控制洪水泛濫，設(shè)計(jì)師看似粗糙地用石塊鋪設(shè)河床，卻最大限度地釋放了供自然演替的空間，小心翼翼地設(shè)計(jì)著河流與人類的進(jìn)退空間，并在可供人類安全使用的空間中，用材料與形式呼應(yīng)城市歷史，給予使用者合理利用的可能。

Comments

WANG Lu: The city evolves in a constant process of trial and error. Copiapó is no exception. Through careful strategies made with specific urban, architectural and landscape objectives, the almost marginalized and deserted riverbed area has been transformed into a multi-functional urban park, a landscaped cultural and recreational space for the residents of Copiapó. Here not only is the riverbed's natural ecology restored, but the city's historical memories are reconstructed as well. SHE Yishuang: The appropriate restoration project for ecological landscape

The project locates in a privileged central area of the city. In order to restore the natural river and control the flooding, designers seem to build the riverbed roughly with stones, but release the space for natural succession in maximum degree, and carefully design the movement space of river and people. Furthermore, in the space which people could use safely, designers use materials and forms to respond to the city history as well as give the possibility of rational utilization for users.

Kaukari Urban Park, Copiapó, Chile, 2014

Architects: Teodoro Fernández Arquitectos Compa?iá Limitada