郭 華,劉吉開
(1.鞍山師范學(xué)院化學(xué)與生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,遼寧 鞍山114007;2.中國科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所植物化學(xué)與西部植物資源持續(xù)利用國家重點實驗室,云南昆明650201)
輻裂銹革菌(Hymenochaete tabacina)為擔(dān)子菌綱多孔菌目革菌科高等真菌,擔(dān)子果一年生,無嗅無味,不可食用.該菌通常覆瓦狀疊生,有時達(dá)數(shù)百個菌蓋聚生,菌蓋半圓形、扇形、貝殼形至不規(guī)則形,單個菌蓋突起可達(dá)1.5 cm,寬可達(dá)3 cm,表面呈褐色、銹褐色、黑褐色,為我國最常見的木材腐朽菌之一,主要分布于山西、吉林、黑龍江、河南、湖北、云南、西藏、陜西、甘肅、新疆等地,造成木材白色腐朽[1],經(jīng)檢索,國內(nèi)外未見對其化學(xué)成分的研究報道.本課題組多年來一直致力于高等真菌化學(xué)成分的研究[2~6],為進(jìn)一步從高等真菌中尋找具有生物活性的次生代謝產(chǎn)物,對該菌進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的化學(xué)成分研究.
實驗材料于2009年9月采自吉林長白山,由中國科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所楊祝良研究員鑒定為輻裂銹革菌(Hymenochaete tabacina),標(biāo)本存放于中國科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所標(biāo)本館.
熔點由X-4顯微熔點測定儀測定;1H-NMR和13C-NMR由Bruker AM-400和DRX 500測定,內(nèi)標(biāo)為TMS;ESI+-MS由VG AutoSpec-3000質(zhì)譜儀測定;分析型和制備型HPLC為Agilent 1100 HPLC,色譜柱為 Agilent Zorbax SB-C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm)和 YMC(9.4 mm × 150 mm,5 μm)柱.
柱層析硅膠(80~100目和200~300目)和薄層層析材料均為青島海洋化工廠生產(chǎn);Sephadex LH-20為Amersham Biosciences公司產(chǎn)品;RP-18(40~63 μm)為德國Merck公司產(chǎn)品;顯色方法為254 365 nm熒光,10%硫酸乙醇溶液和硫酸香草醛處理后加熱及碘蒸氣顯色;其它試劑為分析純和色譜純.
輻裂銹革菌子實體干重約500 g,用甲醇溶劑提取3次,提取液合并,減壓蒸干得到浸膏10 g.粗提物上硅膠柱色譜粗分,石油醚-丙酮(100∶0→0∶100)梯度洗脫給出組分A-F.組分C(石油醚-丙酮,30∶1)用石油醚-乙酸乙酯30∶1分離,后經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20(氯仿-甲醇,1∶1)柱層析,再用RP-18反相硅膠柱色譜,用甲醇-水(90%甲醇)系統(tǒng)洗脫,得到化合物7(5.0 mg)、8(6.0 mg).組分 D(石油醚-丙酮,10∶1)經(jīng)石油醚-丙酮15∶1分離,后用Sephadex LH-20(丙酮)柱層析,再經(jīng)制備型HPLC,用乙腈/水30∶70→50∶50梯度洗脫,純化得到化合物2(3.0 mg)、3(5.5 mg)、5(6.5 mg).組分 E(石油醚-丙酮,5∶1)經(jīng) Sephadex LH-20(氯仿-甲醇,1∶1)柱層析分離,再經(jīng)制備型HPLC,用乙腈/水(40∶60)梯度洗脫,純化得到化合物 1(3.0 mg)、4(5.5 mg)、6(4.0 mg).
棕色油狀物;ESI-MS(pos.):395[M+Na]+;分子式為 C23H32O4;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):6.25(1H,s,H-6),5.27(1H,t,J=7.0 Hz,H-2'),5.07(2H,m,H-6'and H-10'),3.42(2H,d,J=7.0 Hz,H-1'),2.52(3H,s,H-7),1.89 ~2.05(8H,m,H-4',H-5',H-8'and H-9'),1.82(3H,s,H-15'),1.62(3H,s,H-12'),1.58(6H,s,H-13'and H-14');13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz):174.2(s,COOH),164.2(s,C-1),160.0(s,C-3),140.5(s,C-5),134.5(s,C-3'),134.0(s,C-7'),130.7(s,C-11'),124.4(d,C-10'),124.2(d,C-6'),122.9(d,C-2'),112.8(s,C-2),110.7(d,C-6),103.9(s,C-4),39.7(t,C-8'),39.6(t,C-4'),26.6(t,C-9'),26.4(t,C-5'),25.0(q,C-12'),23.5(q,C-7),21.7(t,C-1'),16.9(q,C-13'),15.5(q,C-15'),15.3(q,C-14').
上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[7]報道值一致,鑒定為grifolic acid.
黃色糖漿物;分子式為 C10H10O3;1H-NMR(CD3COCD3,400 MHz):7.40(1H,d,J=16.5 Hz,H-4),7.10(1H,d,J=2.3 Hz,H-6'),6.97(1H,dd,J=8.0,2.3 Hz,H-4'),6.79(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-3'),6.46(1H,d,J=16.5 Hz,H-3),2.20(3H,s,H-1);13C-NMR(CD3COCD3,100 MHz):197.7(s,C-2),148.8(s,C-5'),146.3(s,C-2'),144.2(d,C-4),127.7(s,C-1'),125.2(d,C-3),122.6(d,C-3'),116.4(d,C-4'),115.2(d,C-6'),27.2(q,C-1).
上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[8]報道值一致,鑒定為4-(2',5'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-(E)-3-buten-2-one.
黃色粉末(甲醇),m.p.125 ~126 °C;分子式為 C10H10O2;1H-NMR(CDCl3,500 MHz):7.57(2H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-2'and H-6'),7.53(1H,d,J=16.8 Hz,H-1),6.82(2H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-3'and H-5'),6.60(1H,d,J=16.2 Hz,H-2),2.28(3H,s,H-4);13C-NMR(CDCl3,125 MHz):199.2(s,C-3),158.4(s,C-4'),143.9(d,C-1),130.5(d,C-2'and C-6'),127.0(s,C-1'),125.0(d,C-2),116.2(d,C-3'and C-5'),27.6(q,C-4).
上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[9]報道值一致,鑒定為反式-1-(4'-羥基苯基)-丁-1-烯-3-酮.
無色針晶(丙酮),m.p.153 ~154 °C;分子式為 C7H6O3;1H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz):9.71(1H,s,CHO),7.30(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-2),7.27(1H,dd,J=8.0,2.0 Hz,H-6),7.00(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-5);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz):191.3(d,CHO),152.2(s,C-4),146.0(s,C-3),129.9(s,C-1),125.4(d,C-6),116.4(d,C-5),115.4(d,C-2).
上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[10]報道值一致,鑒定為原兒茶醛.
白色片晶(丙酮),m.p.113 ~ 114 °C;分子式為 C7H6O2;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):9.67(1H,s,CHO),7.67(2H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-2 and H-6),6.83(2H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-3 and H-5);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz):192.3(d,CHO),164.2(s,C-4),133.0(d,C-2 and C-6),129.2(s,C-1),116.4(d,C-3 and C-5).
上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[11]報道值一致,鑒定為對羥基苯甲醛.
無色油狀物;分子式為 C18H32O2;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):5.35(4H,m,H-9,H-10,H-12 and H-13),2.75(2H,m,H-11),2.34(2H,t,J=7.6 Hz,H-2),2.04(4H,m,H-8 and H-14),1.63(2H,m,H-3),1.31(14H,m,H-4 to H-7 and H-15 to H-17),0.87(3H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-18).
上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[12]報道值一致,與亞油酸對照品共薄層,Rf值相同,鑒定為亞油酸.
白色晶體(丙酮),m.p.154 ~156 °C;分子式為 C28H44O;1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):5.54(1H,m,H-6),5.40(1H,m,H-7),5.16 ~5.28(2H,m,H-22 and H-23),3.58(1H,m,H-3),1.02(3H,d,J=6.7 Hz,H-21),0.97(3H,s,H-19),0.91(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-28),0.85(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),0.81(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-26),0.60(3H,s,H-18);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz):141.5(s,C-8),139.6(s,C-5),135.8(d,C-22),131.9(d,C-23),120.2(d,C-6),116.8(d,C-7),71.0(d,C-3),56.2(d,C-17),54.8(d,C-14),46.9(d,C-9),43.2(s,C-13),41.3(d,C-24),41.1(t,C-4),40.7(d,C-20),39.6(t,C-12),38.1(t,C-1),37.4(s,C-10),33.0(d,C-25),32.3(t,C-2),28.1(t,C-16),23.2(t,C-15),21.1(t,C-11),20.9(q,C-21),20.1(q,C-26),19.7(q,C-27),17.8(q,C-28),16.5(q,C-19),12.3(q,C-18).
上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[13]報道值一致,鑒定為麥角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇.
無色針晶(丙酮),m.p.177 ~178 °C;分子式為 C28H44O3;1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):6.49(1H,d,J=8.3 Hz,H-7),6.25(1H,d,J=8.3 Hz,H-6),5.23(1H,dd,J=15.4,7.6 Hz,H-22),5.13(1H,dd,J=15.4,7.6 Hz,H-23),3.98(1H,m,H-3),0.98(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),0.91(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-28),0.89(3H,s,H-19),0.84(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),0.83(3H,s,H-18),0.81(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-26);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz):135.3(d,C-6),135.1(d,C-22),132.1(d,C-23),131.0(d,C-7),82.4(s,C-5),79.6(s,C-8),67.0(d,C-3),56.5(d,C-17),51.8(d,C-14),51.2(d,C-9),44.6(s,C-13),42.7(d,C-24),40.2(d,C-20),39.5(t,C-12),37.0(t,C-4),36.8(s,C-10),34.8(t,C-1),33.1(d,C-25),30.2(t,C-2),28.8(t,C-15),23.6(t,C-11),20.9(q,C-21),20.7(t,C-16),20.0(q,C-27),19.8(q,C-26),18.3(q,C-19),17.6(q,C-28),12.9(q,C-18).
上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[14]報道值一致,鑒定為過氧麥角甾醇.
從輻裂銹革菌子實體中分離得到8個已知化合物,分別為:
(1)grifolic acid;
(2)4-(2',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)-(E)-3-buten-2-one;
(3)反式-1-(4'-羥基苯基)-丁-1-烯-3-酮;
(4)原兒茶醛;
(5)對羥基苯甲醛;
(6)亞油酸;
(7)麥角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β 醇;
(8)過氧麥角甾醇.
所有化合物均是首次從該菌中分離得到,為開發(fā)利用高等真菌資源提供科學(xué)依據(jù).
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