胡建青
中圖分類號:G633.41 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1002-7661(2015)23-0058-01
新課標短文改錯是在語篇的情境中考查詞匯、語法、句型結(jié)構(gòu)等方面的知識和邏輯關(guān)系的推斷及綜合辯析,是一種在較高層次上考查學生對英語知識的掌握和語言綜合運用能力的測試題型,通過幾年各省份高考新型短文改錯的研究可以看出,短文改錯命題相對穩(wěn)定,其比例一般為1:1:8,即1個多詞、1個缺詞和8個錯詞,所考查的詞類分布合理,句子長度平穩(wěn),難度適中,考查的考點具有一定的規(guī)律可循,而且答題也有一定的技巧?,F(xiàn)以2015年全國統(tǒng)一考試新課標全國卷Ⅰ、卷Ⅱ、陜西卷、四川卷、浙江卷中改錯題中的錯詞題為例,對錯詞情況試作一粗淺分析。
一、冠詞錯用
1.(2015.新課標全國卷Ⅱ)A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.
解析:a-the 從語境可知,同一句詞第二次提到應(yīng)表示特指。
2.(2015.陜西卷)At a party, my coach, with a biscuit in his mouth, asked surprisingly who made them and joked…
解析:a-the 考查冠詞,根據(jù)前面的retirement party 可知此處表示特指用the。
二、各詞錯用
1.(2015.新課標全國卷Ⅰ)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
解析:airs-air. Air為不可數(shù)名詞,把airs改為air。
2.(2015.新課標全國卷Ⅱ)one day, Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.
解析:parent-parents 結(jié)合下文的“his parents were missing”可知他的爸爸媽媽一起去購物,所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
3.(2015.浙江卷)My old classroom was interesting because three side of the clanroom…
side-sides考查名詞復(fù)數(shù),前面有three, side為可數(shù)名詞,用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
三、代詞指代不一致
1.(2015.新課示全國卷Ⅰ)We must find ways to protect your environment
解析:your-our或the,本句主語為we,用了第一人稱,因此要把物主代詞your改為our,也可以改成the。
2.(2015.四川卷)Its been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.
解析:many-much考查代詞,此處花了“我”很多錢,應(yīng)用much代指不可數(shù)名詞。
3.(2015.四川卷)If you were me, would you talk to him?
解析:him-them考查代詞,此處指作者的三個朋友,是復(fù)數(shù)概念,應(yīng)用them.
4.(2015.浙江卷)close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.
解析:them-it考查代詞,此外代詞指代前面的park是單數(shù),所以用it.
四、介詞、副詞在固定搭配中的錯用
1.(2015.新課標全國卷Ⅱ)Tony saw a toy on a shop window.
解析:on-in,表商店櫥窗里擺放著一個玩具用in。
2.(2015.陜西卷)My soccer coach retired in last week.
解析:考查時間狀語,當用作時間狀語的詞前有next, last等詞時,其前不用介詞。
3.(2015.浙江卷)My old classroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were made from glass.
解析:from-of考查介詞,be made of由……組成,可以看出原材料;be made from由……組成,看不出原材料。
4.(2015.浙江卷)On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the foothall field.
解析:easy-easily考查副詞,此處修飾動詞see需用副詞。
五、形容詞和副詞的混用及錯用
1.(2015.新課標全國卷Ⅰ)Lots of students have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.
解析:seriously-serious用形容詞修飾名詞。
2.(2015.新課標全國卷Ⅱ)Dad and I were terrible worried.
解析:terrible-terribly修飾形容詞應(yīng)用副詞。
3.(2015.陜西卷)I thought the biscuits were really well.
解析:well-good形容詞辯析,well通常指健康狀況也可以修飾動詞,此處指食物好用good。
短文改錯中錯詞比例較大,考生在做題時應(yīng)注意:①從語篇入手,理解文章大意;②在理解基礎(chǔ)上審查句子結(jié)構(gòu);③從語法結(jié)構(gòu)入手??傊綍r要多加練習,做多了,對錯誤自然也很敏感了,熟能生巧,“信心+方法+練習”,堅信定能在短文改錯中獲取更理想的得分。
(責任編輯 曾 卉)