王國仁

【中圖分類號】G633.41 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?【文獻標識碼】A ? ? ?【文章編號】2095-3089（2015）11-0115-02

英語屬結(jié)構(gòu)型語言，掌握句子結(jié)構(gòu)對英語寫作很有幫助。高考英語書面表達要求考生根據(jù)所給情景和要求，用自己的語言寫出一篇句子連貫、用詞貼切，要點完整的短文，這對中學生來說并非易事。在掌握基本句型的基礎(chǔ)上，如何提高造句能力，使用較為復雜的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，使句式豐富多彩;如何使用過渡性連接詞，使短文語句連貫、邏輯嚴密，將是高三備考中不可或缺的內(nèi)容。

練習題型一：簡單句合成并列句

1. Her mother is a doctor. She is also a doctor.

→ Her mother is a doctor， so is she.

2. You must get up early tomorrow. You will miss the first bus.

→ Get up early tomorrow，or you will miss the first bus.

如果兩個或更多的簡單句之間在邏輯上是并列、同等關(guān)系，就可以選擇恰當?shù)牟⒘羞B詞將其合成一個并列句。

練習題型二：簡單句連成復合句

1. She was not satisfied with this.She tried to think of a better solution to the problem.

→ As she was not satisfied with this， she tried to think of a better solution to the problem.（原因狀語從句）

2.The staff of the department will meet in the room. They met in the room yesterday.

→ The staff of the department will meet in the room where they met yesterday.（定語從句）

3. President Bush of the U.S.A. will pay a visit to China.

One of my classmates told me the news.

→ One of my classmates told me the news that President bush of the U.S.A. would pay a visit to China.（同位語從句）

如果兩個或更多的簡單句所表達的意思有主次之分，先分析它們的關(guān)系，弄清哪個表示主要的意思，哪個表示從屬的意思，進而弄清主要意思與從屬意思之間有何種邏輯關(guān)系，選擇恰當?shù)倪B接詞或關(guān)系詞把這兩個句子合成一個復合句，使一個從屬于另一個。

練習題型三：簡單句合二為一

1.My brother is very young. He cant look after himself.

→ My brother is too young to look after himself.

（不定式作結(jié)果狀語）

2. The murderer was brought in. His hands were tied behind his back.

→ The murderer was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.（with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)作方式伴隨狀語）

3. A foreign language is a useful tool in serving the people. We should work hard at it and have a good knowledge of it.

→ A foreign language being a useful tool in serving the people， we should work hard at it and have a good knowledge of it.（獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作原因狀語）

如果兩個或多個簡單句在意思上有主從關(guān)系，就可以把表示從屬意思的句子改寫成非謂語動詞（分詞、動名詞、不定式），with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、使其在句子中作狀語，定語，主語等成分。

練習題型四：用固定結(jié)構(gòu)改寫

1. This young boy is always helping the old man.

→It is this young boywhois always helping the old man.

（強調(diào)句）

2. You can solve the problem in this way.

→ Only in this way can you solve this problem. （倒裝句）

3.I was very happy when I received your letter.

→How happy I was when I received your letter?。ǜ袊@句）

4. When it is compared with the size of the whole earth， the biggest ocean doesnt big at all.

→ When compared with the size of the whole earth， the biggest ocean doesnt big at all. （狀語從句的省略）

強調(diào)句、倒裝句、感嘆句、省略句等固定句型表意傳情的效果很強。如果要強調(diào)某一句話或句子的某一個成分，強調(diào)說話人的意圖或情感，就可以用強調(diào)句、倒裝句、感嘆句等固定句型改寫原句，如果要使句子簡潔明了，避免重復，就可以用省略句改寫原句，均可獲得良好的效果。

練習題型五：一句多譯

1. 使我吃驚的是這次他得了滿分。

1） What surprised me was that he got full marks this time.

2） It made me surprised that he got full marks this time.

3） It was surprising that he got full marks this time.

4） He got full marks this time， which made me surprised.

5） I was surprised that he got full marks this time.

6） To my surprise， he got full marks this time.

“話有三說，巧說為妙”，在特定的上下文里，同一個意思，用不同的方式表達出來，會有意外的效果。一句多譯訓練的目的是讓學生多角度思考問題，靈活運用所學知識，幫助學生在寫作時能觸類旁通，靈活多變。

練習題型六：過渡詞的使用

根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系選擇恰當?shù)倪B接成分。

1. The peasant boy worked hard at his lessons，as a result，he was admitted into a key university. （先因后果）

在談?wù)撚幸蚬P(guān)系的話題時，就可以用because;as; since;now that或so;therefore;thus;as a result等.

2.He had been always a successful businessman How-ever， things have not been going well for him recently.

在提出一話在提出一個話題后，轉(zhuǎn)而要表達不同或相反的意思時，就可以用but;however;on the contrary;on the other hand 等。

3. Tom left the key to his car at home. Whats worse， he lost his wallet.

需要補充更多內(nèi)容或細節(jié)時，就可以用what is more; besides; moreover; in addition;to make matters worse等。

4. Many students have made great progress. Take Lily for example， she has come third in the exam.

在談?wù)撘辉掝}，需要舉例子進行說明時，就可以用for instance;for example;such as;take… for example等。

5. Weve had a few problems， but， on the whole， were very happy.

在一個話題結(jié)束，需要對前面說過的話加以概括時，就可以用on the whole; in short; all in all; in general; in a word等。

6. The student got only fifty marks. That is to say， he didnt pass the exam.

需要對已提到的事物加以解釋說明時，就可以用in fact;as a matter of fact;namely;in other words;that is to say等。

運用得當?shù)木渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可以給文章增添亮點，使整篇文章因此而生輝，使用恰當連接成分，能使文章上下銜接自然、緊湊。

總之，寫作是一個由淺入深、由易到難、由簡到繁的訓練過程，任何一個環(huán)節(jié)出問題都會影響學生寫作能力的培養(yǎng)。