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轉(zhuǎn)化糖電解質(zhì)注射液對(duì)肝膽手術(shù)患者能量代謝的影響

2015-10-26 08:14舒同夏鋒文紅梅
中國藥業(yè) 2015年24期
關(guān)鍵詞:肝膽電解質(zhì)葡萄糖

舒同,夏鋒,文紅梅

(1.四川省巴中市中醫(yī)院,四川巴中636000;2.中國人民解放軍第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院,重慶400038)

轉(zhuǎn)化糖電解質(zhì)注射液對(duì)肝膽手術(shù)患者能量代謝的影響

舒同1,夏鋒2,文紅梅1

(1.四川省巴中市中醫(yī)院,四川巴中636000;2.中國人民解放軍第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院,重慶400038)

目的探討轉(zhuǎn)化糖電解質(zhì)注射液對(duì)肝膽手術(shù)患者能量代謝的影響。方法選擇2013年6月至2015年3月在醫(yī)院行肝膽手術(shù)患者90例,隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,各45例。兩組患者均常規(guī)術(shù)前禁食禁飲,行麻醉誘導(dǎo)及維持后,對(duì)照組靜脈滴注10%葡萄糖注射液250mL,觀察組靜脈滴注10%轉(zhuǎn)化糖電解質(zhì)注射液250mL,均在30min內(nèi)輸完且輸完后2 h內(nèi)不再應(yīng)用其他含糖液體。記錄兩組患者在輸注液體前(T0)、輸液后即刻(T1)、輸注后1 h(T2)、輸注后3 h(T3)的血壓、心率、血糖、胰島素值、C肽值、血液剩余堿(BE)值、游離脂肪酸(FFA)值的變化及不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果T1兩組患者心率、血壓與輸液前相比均下降(P<0.05),但組間無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05);T2對(duì)照組心率、血壓與輸液前相比均顯著升高(P<0.05),T3有所下降,但仍高于T0(P<0.05);T2和T3觀察組心率、血壓恢復(fù)平穩(wěn),與T0相比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),與對(duì)照組相比,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。輸液后兩組患者血糖、胰島素均先升高后下降,但觀察組波動(dòng)幅度小于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);T2時(shí)觀察組已恢復(fù)至輸液前水平(P>0.05),T3時(shí)對(duì)照組仍高于T0和觀察組(P<0.05)。輸液后,兩組患者C肽值均先上升、后下降,BE值先下降、后上升,但觀察組患者各時(shí)點(diǎn)的波動(dòng)幅度均小于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),觀察組T3時(shí)已恢復(fù)至T0水平(P>0.05),對(duì)照組未恢復(fù)(P<0.05)。觀察組FFA值一直平穩(wěn),與T0差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);對(duì)照組則逐漸升高,T3時(shí)顯著高于T0時(shí)及觀察組(P<0.05)。兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率相當(dāng)(P>0.05)。結(jié)論轉(zhuǎn)化糖電解質(zhì)注射液用于肝膽手術(shù)的患者,可為患者提供基本能量保證,并減少血糖及胰島素的波動(dòng),具有堿化作用并避免了脂肪的分解,且藥品相關(guān)不良反應(yīng)少。

轉(zhuǎn)化糖電解質(zhì)注射液;肝膽手術(shù);能量代謝;胰島素抵抗

肝膽手術(shù)是外科手術(shù)中時(shí)間較長的一種,由于術(shù)前禁食禁飲、機(jī)體水電解質(zhì)失衡,長時(shí)間手術(shù)患者很易出現(xiàn)能量代謝紊亂[1]。術(shù)中的液體治療既可維持正常的血容量以保證血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的穩(wěn)定,也可給予適當(dāng)?shù)哪芰垦a(bǔ)充以維持代謝平衡[2]。此外,在麻醉、手術(shù)、創(chuàng)傷等應(yīng)激刺激下容易導(dǎo)致患者胰島素相對(duì)分泌不足甚至是胰島素抵抗,使血糖水平異常升高。轉(zhuǎn)化糖電解質(zhì)注射液是右旋結(jié)晶葡萄糖與左旋結(jié)晶果糖1∶1混合制成的復(fù)方制劑[3],可用于非口服途徑補(bǔ)充水、能量及電解質(zhì)的患者,血糖水平影響較小。因此,筆者觀察了行肝膽手術(shù)患者術(shù)中給予轉(zhuǎn)化糖電解質(zhì)注射液對(duì)能量代謝的影響及安全性,為臨床治療提供依據(jù),現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1一般資料

選擇2013年6月至2015年3月醫(yī)院行肝膽手術(shù)患者90例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4]:經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn);不同程度肝膽類疾病,美國麻醉醫(yī)師協(xié)會(huì)(ASA)Ⅰ~Ⅱ級(jí);麻醉時(shí)間大于4 h。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):糖尿病及其他代謝性疾?。荒X、肺、腎、神經(jīng)肌肉疾病史;存在轉(zhuǎn)化糖用藥禁忌證;嚴(yán)重肺、腎、造血系統(tǒng)和免疫系統(tǒng)疾?。粚?duì)本組研究所用藥物過敏。將90例患者隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,各45例。兩組患者一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見表1。

表1 兩組患者一般資料比較(n=45)

1.2方法

術(shù)前常規(guī)禁食禁飲,期間不給予任何含糖液體,入手術(shù)室后取平臥位,開放靜脈通道,監(jiān)測心電圖(ECG)、血壓(BP)、心率(HR)、血氧飽和度(SpO2)。麻醉誘導(dǎo)采用利多卡因(晉城海斯制藥有限公司,國藥準(zhǔn)字H14023559,規(guī)格為每支5mL∶0.1 g)1mg/kg,異丙酚(北京費(fèi)森尤斯卡比公司,國藥準(zhǔn)字H20110278,規(guī)格為每支20mL∶0.2mg)2mg/kg,芬太尼(湖北宜昌人福公司,國藥準(zhǔn)字H42022076,規(guī)格為每支2mL∶0.1mg)3μg/kg,哌庫溴銨(成都諾迪康生物制藥有限公司,國藥準(zhǔn)字H20084465,規(guī)格為4mg)0.1mg/kg,后行氣管插管,調(diào)節(jié)潮氣量為8~10mL/kg,呼吸頻率10~12次/分。麻醉維持采用異丙酚4~6mg/(kg·h),芬太尼0.01~0.02mg/(kg·h)微泵靜脈泵注,術(shù)中間斷靜脈推注哌庫溴銨,維持肌松。對(duì)照組靜脈滴注10%葡萄糖注射液250mL,觀察組靜脈滴注10%轉(zhuǎn)化糖電解質(zhì)注射液(揚(yáng)子江藥業(yè)集團(tuán)上海海尼藥業(yè)有限公司,國藥準(zhǔn)字H20080721,規(guī)格為每支250mL)250mL,均在30min內(nèi)輸完且輸完后2 h內(nèi)不再應(yīng)用其他含糖液體。

1.3觀察指標(biāo)[5]

觀察患者輸注液體前(T0)、輸液后即刻(T1)、輸注后1 h(T2)、輸注后3 h(T3)的血壓、心率、血糖、胰島素值、C肽值、血液剩余堿(BE)值、游離脂肪酸(FFA)值。記錄不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生情況。

1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

采用SPSS 17.0版統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件處理。計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,行t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率表示,行χ2檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

結(jié)果見表2至表5。兩組不良反應(yīng)主要為面紅發(fā)熱、乳酸中毒、電解質(zhì)紊亂、高尿酸血癥等,兩組均有不良反應(yīng)情況發(fā)生,均未出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重不良反應(yīng)(P>0.05)。

3 討論

術(shù)中補(bǔ)液是維持患者血壓穩(wěn)定,保證各組織器官的有效灌注,以及維持水、電解質(zhì)和酸堿平衡的重要手段[6],同時(shí)由于長時(shí)間禁食水及長時(shí)間的手術(shù),術(shù)中補(bǔ)液還可提供基本能量供應(yīng)。在手術(shù)環(huán)境下,患者會(huì)進(jìn)入應(yīng)激反應(yīng)狀態(tài)從而產(chǎn)生一系列神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌反應(yīng),導(dǎo)致機(jī)體的功能代謝變化,如兒茶酚胺、胰高血糖素、糖皮質(zhì)激素的分泌增多。這些激素的釋放改變會(huì)影響體內(nèi)的物質(zhì)和能量代謝,一方面使機(jī)體肝糖輸出增加,脂肪和蛋白質(zhì)的糖異生加強(qiáng)以維持或增加機(jī)體血糖的濃度,另一面機(jī)體會(huì)產(chǎn)生胰島素抵抗,減少外周組織攝取和利用葡萄糖導(dǎo)致蛋白質(zhì)脂肪分解增加,引起負(fù)氮平衡[7],患者易出現(xiàn)應(yīng)激性高血糖及高胰島素現(xiàn)象。葡萄糖的代謝受胰島素的控制,當(dāng)機(jī)體產(chǎn)生胰島素抵抗時(shí),葡萄糖利用度將明顯減低,且相比較果糖,葡萄糖的半衰期較短,在手術(shù)過程中機(jī)體容易產(chǎn)生較大的血糖波動(dòng)[8]。

表2 兩組患者各時(shí)點(diǎn)血壓和心率比較(±s,n=45)

表2 兩組患者各時(shí)點(diǎn)血壓和心率比較(±s,n=45)

注:與本組T0時(shí)相比,#P<0.05;與對(duì)照組同時(shí)點(diǎn)相比,*P<0.05。表3和表4同。

組別時(shí)間對(duì)照組T0T1 T2 T3觀察組T0T1 T2 T3心率(次/min)85.65±11.23 82.21±10.48#89.81±14.29#87.51±15.21#84.49±12.05 82.07±11.06#86.13±12.18*85.11±11.78*收縮壓(mmHg)126.75±20.21 125.29±19.38 123.31±16.23#122.34±15.53#139.54±20.70#126.36±18.49*135.54±20.70#126.01±16.19*舒張壓(mmHg)67.38±17.35 68.15±16.46 64.33±15.26#64.16±14.89#82.56±19.14#70.13±16.28*79.23±16.13#69.09±14.13*

表3 兩組患者各時(shí)點(diǎn)的血糖、胰島素比較(±s,n=45)

表3 兩組患者各時(shí)點(diǎn)的血糖、胰島素比較(±s,n=45)

組別時(shí)間對(duì)照組T0T1T2T3觀察組T0T1T2T3血糖(mmol/L)6.15±1.23 11.30±3.42#7.31±2.09#6.72±1.22#6.19±1.35 9.35±2.06#*6.55±2.00*6.15±1.70*胰島素(U/L)5.38±0.85 36.33±10.26#19.56±6.14#6.23±1.13#5.15±0.86 24.16±8.01#*15.13±4.28*5.39±1.13*

表4 兩組患者各時(shí)點(diǎn)的C肽值、BE值、FFA值比較(±s,n=45)

表4 兩組患者各時(shí)點(diǎn)的C肽值、BE值、FFA值比較(±s,n=45)

組別時(shí)間對(duì)照組T0T1T2T3觀察組T0T1T2T3 C肽(ng/L)1.25±0.23 5.92±0.48#4.41±0.49#1.81±0.41#1.29±0.35 4.07±0.76#3.53±0.38#*1.40±0.18*BE(mmol/L)-0.24±0.03 -1.87±0.13#-1.07±0.12#-0.47±0.05#-0.25±0.04 -1.46±0.10#-0.77±0.09#*-0.26±0.03*FFA(μmmol/L)577.38±30.95 575.33±30.26 578.56±39.14 594.23±31.13#578.15±31.46 576.16±30.89 581.13±30.28 579.09±14.13*

表5 兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況比較[例(%),n=45]

轉(zhuǎn)化糖是一種新型的糖類能源,轉(zhuǎn)化糖電解質(zhì)注射液每500 mL含果糖、葡萄糖各25 g,氯化鈉0.73 g、氯化鉀0.93 g、氯化鎂0.143 g、乳酸鈉1.40 g、磷酸二氫鈉0.375 g[9]。由于果糖與葡萄糖代謝途徑不同,不受糖酵解代謝途徑中的限速酶磷酸果糖激酶限制,可直接在肝腎和小腸中經(jīng)果糖激酶催化為1-磷酸果糖,具有分解較快、不依賴胰島素的特點(diǎn),故對(duì)機(jī)體血糖的影響較小,不易引起血糖的明顯波動(dòng)。轉(zhuǎn)化糖電解質(zhì)注射液將果糖與葡萄糖1∶1配比,葡萄糖的半衰期延長,果糖的半衰期縮短,與單獨(dú)使用葡萄糖相比,轉(zhuǎn)化糖電解質(zhì)注射液可以快速起效且延長了作用時(shí)間[10]。

C肽與胰島素呈等分子相關(guān)作用,是體內(nèi)胰島素變化的重要指標(biāo);BE值是體內(nèi)酸堿變化的重要指標(biāo);FFA是脂肪分解的重要指標(biāo)。本研究結(jié)果顯示,輸液后,觀察組患者心率、血壓、血糖、胰島素、C肽、BE及FFA等指標(biāo)波動(dòng)幅度均小于對(duì)照組(P< 0.05),且更快恢復(fù)至輸液前水平(P<0.05),對(duì)各項(xiàng)生理指標(biāo)及能量代謝的不良影響總體小于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率相當(dāng)(P>0.05)。

綜上所述,轉(zhuǎn)化糖電解質(zhì)注射液用于肝膽手術(shù),可為患者提供基本能量保證,并減少血糖及胰島素的波動(dòng),具有堿化作用,避免脂肪分解,藥品相關(guān)不良反應(yīng)少,值得臨床推廣。

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Effect of Invert Sugar Electrolyte Injection on Energy M etabolism in Patients w ith Hepatobiliary Surgery

Shu Tong1,Xia Feng2,Wen Hongmei1
(1.Bazhong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Bazhong,Sichuan,China 636000;2.The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University,Chongqing,China 400038)

Objective To observe effect of invert sugar electrolyte injection on energy metabolism observed in patients with hepatobiliary surgery.M ethods 90 cases of patients with hepatobiliary surgery from June 2013 to March 2015 were selected and random ly divided into the control group and the observation group,45 cases in each group.All patients received routine preoperative measures of fasting water,induction and maintenance of anesthesia.The control group received 10%glucose injection 250 mL intravenous infusion,and the observation group received 10%invert sugar electrolyte injection 250mL intravenous infusion.Both groups finished the injection within 30 min and no other sugary liquids were injected within 2 h after application.The changes of the blood pressure,heart rate,blood sugar,insulin levels,C-peptide infusion,blood base excess(BE)and free fatty acids(FFA)of the two groups at before treatment(T0),immediately(T1),1 h infusion(T2),3 h after infusion(T3)were recorded and the adverse reactions were observed.Results The heart rate and blood pressure of the two groups at T1 were significantly decreased compared with that before infusion(P<0.05),but the difference between the two group was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The heart rate and blood pressure was significantly higher in the control group at T2(P>0.05),and decreased at T3,but still higher than T0(P<0.05).The heart rate and blood pressure of the observation group at T2and T3became stable,with no significant difference with T0(P>0.05),and significant difference with the control group(P<0.05).After infusion,the levels of glucose and insulin were first increased and then declined,but there was less volatility in the observation group than the control group(P<0.05);the observation group returned to the level before the infusion at T2(P>0.05),while the control group was still higher than T0at T3and the observation group(P<0.05).After infusion,the C-peptide values of two groups were increased at first,then decreased,but there was less volatility in the observation group than the control group(P<0.05),while the observation group restored to pre-infusion level at T3,and the control group did not restore to pre-infusion level(P<0.05).FFA value of the observation group had been stable compared with T0(P>0.05);the control group gradually increased,the level at T3was significantly higher than at T0and the observation group(P<0.05).The adverse reaction rate of the two groups were quite similar,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusion Invert sugar electrolyte injection for patients with hepatobiliary surgery can guarantee the provision of basic energy and reduce the volatility of blood glucose and insulin with alkalizing effect and avoid the breakdown of fat for patients,and fewer drug-related adverse reactions.

invert sugar electrolyte injection;hepatobiliary surgery;energy metabolism;insulin resistance

R969.4;R977.6

A

1006-4931(2015)24-0070-03

2015-08-03)

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