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白術(shù)多糖對樹突狀細(xì)胞表型及功能成熟的影響

2015-10-18 09:44汲廣全陳仁瓊鄭建仙
食品科學(xué) 2015年3期
關(guān)鍵詞:白術(shù)表型抗原

汲廣全,陳仁瓊,鄭建仙,*

(1.華南理工大學(xué)輕工與食品學(xué)院,廣東 廣州 510641;2.中山大學(xué)孫逸仙紀(jì)念醫(yī)院皮膚科,廣東 廣州 510120)

白術(shù)多糖對樹突狀細(xì)胞表型及功能成熟的影響

汲廣全1,陳仁瓊2,鄭建仙1,*

(1.華南理工大學(xué)輕工與食品學(xué)院,廣東 廣州 510641;2.中山大學(xué)孫逸仙紀(jì)念醫(yī)院皮膚科,廣東 廣州 510120)

目的:研究白術(shù)多糖對人外周血來源的樹突狀細(xì)胞(dendritic cells,DC)表型和功能的影響。方法:應(yīng)用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測DC表面標(biāo)志分子HLA-DR、CD86、CD83和CD80的表達及吞噬FITC-dextran的情況,酶聯(lián)免疫吸附實驗檢測DC分泌白細(xì)胞介素-12(interleukin-12,IL-12)和腫瘤壞死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)情況,Western blotting檢測DC表面Toll樣受體4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)。結(jié)果:白術(shù)多糖能夠促進TLR4的表達,促進DC表面分子HLA-DR、CD86、CD83和CD80的表達,并且呈劑量依賴性,同時還使DC吞噬能力下降;白術(shù)多糖能夠促進DC分泌IL-12和TNF-α。此外,TLR4抗體可以減少IL-12和TNF-α的產(chǎn)生。結(jié)論:白術(shù)多糖可以促進人外周血來源的DC表型及功能的成熟。

白術(shù);樹突狀細(xì)胞;Toll樣受體4

樹突狀細(xì)胞(dendritic cells,DC)是專職的抗原提呈細(xì)胞,在固有免疫和獲得性免疫過程中起著重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用[1-2]。它包括兩個階段:未成熟DC階段和成熟DC階段[3]。未成熟的DC攝取抗原能力很強,但低表達主要組織相容性復(fù)合體-Ⅱ(major histocompatibility complex-Ⅱ,MHC-Ⅱ);微生物或其他刺激可以活化DC,使未成熟的DC變?yōu)槌墒斓腄C[4-5]。成熟的DC攝取抗原能力下降,但卻高表達MHC-Ⅱ、CD86、CD80和CD83[6-8],向T細(xì)胞呈遞抗原肽[9],并且分泌白細(xì)胞介素-12(interleukin-12,IL-12)。此外,Toll樣受體(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)對各種來源的多糖具有較廣譜的親和力[10]。目前有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)歸多糖可以促使TLR4的表達[11-12]。

白術(shù)是一種傳統(tǒng)的中藥,具有抗腫瘤、抗炎和抗氧化等活性[13-14],為藥食同源之品。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)白術(shù)多糖(polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz,AMP)能夠調(diào)節(jié)機體的免疫反應(yīng),增強手足口病小鼠的免疫功能[15]。但是,目前還沒有關(guān)于白術(shù)多糖影響DC成熟的研究報道。本實驗考察白術(shù)多糖對人外周血來源的DC表型及功能成熟的調(diào)節(jié)作用,并初步探討白術(shù)多糖的免疫調(diào)節(jié)機制。

1 材料與方法

1.1材料與試劑

白術(shù)多糖(純度95%) 陜西慈緣生物技術(shù)有限公司。

重組人粒細(xì)胞巨噬細(xì)胞集落刺激因子(recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor,rhGM-CSF)和重組人白細(xì)胞介素4(recombinant human interleukin-4,rhIL-4) 美國Peprotech公司;淋巴細(xì)胞分離液、FITC-dextran 美國Sigma公司;RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基 美國Gibco公司;胎牛血清 美國HyClone公司;熒光標(biāo)記鼠抗人單克隆抗體CD80、CD83、CD86、HLA-DR 美國BD公司;TLR4抗體 美國eBioscience公司;酶聯(lián)免疫吸附(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)試劑盒 美國R&D公司。

1.2儀器與設(shè)備

流式細(xì)胞儀 美國BD公司;凝膠處理系統(tǒng) 美國Bio-Rad公司;酶標(biāo)儀 日本Shimadzu公司。

1.3方法

1.3.1人外周血單核細(xì)胞來源的DC的體外誘導(dǎo)和培養(yǎng)

新鮮正常人抗凝外周血,用磷酸鹽緩沖溶液(phosphate buffered saline,PBS)以1:1(V/V)進行稀釋,緩慢加至淋巴細(xì)胞分離液上,2 000 r/min離心20 min,吸取單個核細(xì)胞層,RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基洗滌2 次,調(diào)整細(xì)胞濃度為2×106個/mL,加入6 孔板,每孔2 mL,于37 ℃、5% CO2培養(yǎng)箱中孵育2 h,吸去未貼壁的細(xì)胞。用RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基洗滌2 次,每孔加入2 mL含10%(體積分?jǐn)?shù))胎牛血清、GM-CSF 1 000 U/mL和IL-4 800 U/mL的RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基,放入37 ℃、5% CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),第3天50%換液,補充細(xì)胞因子GM-CSF和IL-4,第5天所收集的細(xì)胞為后續(xù)實驗所用。

1.3.2白術(shù)多糖對DC表型的影響

DC經(jīng)不同質(zhì)量濃度白術(shù)多糖(0、25、50、100、200 μg/mL)作用24 h后,分別收集空白對照組(未加白術(shù)多糖組)和多糖組DC,在流式管中分別加入20 μL的PE-CD83、PE-HLA-DR、FITC-CD86或FITC-CD80,每管加入100 μL細(xì)胞懸液(5×105),充分混勻后,室溫避光反應(yīng)30 min,PBS洗滌2 次,乙醇固定,流式細(xì)胞儀上機檢測。

1.3.3白術(shù)多糖對DC吞噬功能的影響

DC經(jīng)不同質(zhì)量濃度的白術(shù)多糖(0、25、50、100、200 μg/mL)作用24 h后,加入1 mg/mL FITC-dextran于 37 ℃條件下溫育1 h,然后用PBS洗滌2 次,于流式細(xì)胞儀上機檢測。

1.3.4Western blotting檢測TLR4蛋白的表達

取各組細(xì)胞,加入細(xì)胞裂解液提取總蛋白。將蛋白進行十二烷基硫酸鈉-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳(sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis,SDS-PAGE),濃縮膠80 V電泳30 min,分離膠120 V電泳1 h,用聚偏氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride,PVDF)轉(zhuǎn)膜,恒流250 mA轉(zhuǎn)膜1 h,脫脂奶粉封閉,加一抗TLR4,4 ℃孵育過夜,加二抗于室溫孵育2 h,化學(xué)發(fā)光顯影并用凝膠處理系統(tǒng)分析目標(biāo)條帶和內(nèi)參條帶的灰度值及其比值。

1.3.5白術(shù)多糖對DC分泌細(xì)胞因子的影響

DC經(jīng)不同質(zhì)量濃度的白術(shù)多糖(0、25、50、100、200 μg/mL)作用24 h后收集細(xì)胞,或DC經(jīng)TLR4抗體預(yù)處理1 h,后用白術(shù)多糖刺激DC,24 h后收集細(xì)胞。應(yīng)用雙抗體夾心法酶聯(lián)免疫吸附實驗檢測細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液上清液中IL-12和腫瘤壞死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)的含量,按照試劑盒說明書進行操作。反應(yīng)終止后用酶標(biāo)儀檢測450 nm波長處的吸光度,根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線確定所測細(xì)胞因子的含量。

1.4統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析

2 結(jié)果與分析

2.1白術(shù)多糖對DC表面分子表達的影響

圖1 白術(shù)多糖對DC表型的影響Fig.1 Dose-dependent effect of AMP on phenotypic maturation of DCs

于DC培養(yǎng)第5天加入白術(shù)多糖繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h,流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測DC表面CD80、CD83、CD86和HLA-DR的表達,結(jié)果如圖1所示,白術(shù)多糖能夠上調(diào)CD80、CD83、CD86和HLA-DR的表達,即白術(shù)多糖可以促進DC的表型成熟。不同質(zhì)量濃度(25、50、100、200 μg/mL)的白術(shù)多糖作用于DC,能夠上調(diào)CD80、CD83、CD86和HLA-DR的表達,呈一定的劑量依賴性。其中白術(shù)多糖100 μg/mL為最適宜劑量,而隨后劑量增加并不能大幅增加這些分子的表達。

2.2白術(shù)多糖對DC吞噬功能的影響

圖2 白術(shù)多糖對DC吞噬功能的影響Fig.2 Dose-dependent effect of AMP on phagocytosis of DC

未成熟DC吞噬能力強,而成熟DC吞噬能力弱。為檢測白術(shù)多糖是否影響DC的吞噬功能,于培養(yǎng)第5天加入不同質(zhì)量濃度的白術(shù)多糖作用于DC,24 h后,加入FITC-dextran孵育1 h,收集細(xì)胞,流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測DC吞噬功能,如圖2所示,經(jīng)白術(shù)多糖處理的DC與空白對照組相比,其吞噬FITC-dextran的能力下降,并呈劑量依賴性。

2.3白術(shù)多糖對DC表面受體TLR4表達的影響

TLR4參與了多糖處理的免疫細(xì)胞活化,用不同質(zhì)量濃度的白術(shù)多糖作用于DC,結(jié)果如圖3所示,經(jīng)白術(shù)多糖處理的DC與空白對照組相比,TLR4蛋白的表達增加,在25~100 μg/mL范圍內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)劑量依賴性。當(dāng)白術(shù)多糖質(zhì)量濃度為100 μg/mL時,TLR4表達最強。

圖3 白術(shù)多糖對DC表達TLR4的影響Fig.3 Dose-dependent stimulation of APM on TLR4 expression in DCs

2.4白術(shù)多糖對DC分泌IL-12和TNF-α的影響

為檢測白術(shù)多糖能否刺激DC產(chǎn)生細(xì)胞因子IL-12和TNF-α,將不同質(zhì)量濃度的白術(shù)多糖作用于DC 24 h后,收集細(xì)胞上清液,ELISA檢測IL-12和TNF-α。如圖4a、4b所示,白術(shù)多糖能夠使DC IL-12和TNF-α分泌量增加,呈劑量依賴性。

圖4 白術(shù)多糖對DC分泌IL-12和TNNFF--α的影響Fig.4 Induction of IL-12 and TNF-α production in DCs by AMP

2.3節(jié)結(jié)果已證實白術(shù)多糖可以刺激DC TLR4表達增加,為進一步探索TLR4是否參與了白術(shù)多糖刺激DC分泌IL-12和TNF-α,用TLR4抗體預(yù)處理DC 1 h,隨后加入100 μg/mL白術(shù)多糖刺激DC 24 h,收集細(xì)胞上清液。以未加TLR4抗體為對照組。結(jié)果顯示,經(jīng)TLR4抗體預(yù)處理后,DC減少了其IL-12和TNF-α的分泌量(圖4c、4d)。

3 討 論

白術(shù)作為我國的一種傳統(tǒng)中藥,具有健脾益氣、燥濕利水等功效,它含有多糖、揮發(fā)油等多種生物活性物質(zhì),其中多糖的免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用尤為突出,能夠調(diào)節(jié)機體的免疫功能。近年來,關(guān)于多糖如靈芝多糖、枸杞多糖、黃芪多糖和Antrodia camphorata多糖[16-19]等的研究有了一些進展,它們通過促進DC的成熟調(diào)節(jié)免疫反應(yīng)。但是,目前關(guān)于白術(shù)多糖對DC表型和功能的影響尚未見報道。

DC是目前機體內(nèi)功能最強的抗原提呈細(xì)胞,根據(jù)DC功能以及表面分子表達的不同,分為未成熟DC和成熟DC兩個階段。正常情況下,體內(nèi)絕大多數(shù)DC處于未成熟階段,低表達輔助刺激分子,如HLA-DR、CD86、CD80、CD83,但有很強的抗原攝取能力,與DC抗原提呈作用有關(guān),同時也與DC對T細(xì)胞的激活相關(guān)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)車前子多糖[20]及車前子提取物[21]增加了DC成熟標(biāo)志物的表達。本實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)DC經(jīng)白術(shù)多糖刺激作用后,HLA-DR、CD86、CD80、CD83的表達升高,吞噬FITC-dextran的能力降低,提示白術(shù)多糖誘導(dǎo)DC的成熟。此外,成熟的DC可以使IL-12和TNF-α的分泌量增加,IL-12和TNF-α可以誘導(dǎo)Th0細(xì)胞分化為Th1細(xì)胞,參與Th1反應(yīng)。以往研究發(fā)現(xiàn)IL-12的產(chǎn)生促進了細(xì)胞免疫[22]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)白術(shù)多糖能促進DC分泌IL-12和TNF-α,說明白術(shù)多糖能夠促進DC的成熟。

TLRs表達于免疫系統(tǒng)的各種細(xì)胞中。TLR4作為TLRs家族的一個成員,是重要的模式識別受體。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),細(xì)菌多糖具有免疫刺激活性,并且與TLR4的表達有關(guān),提示一些多糖的非特異性免疫反應(yīng)很可能由TLR4介導(dǎo)[23-25]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)白術(shù)多糖增加了TLR4的表達,而進一步用TLR4抗體進行預(yù)處理可以減少白術(shù)多糖所引起的IL-12和TNF-α的產(chǎn)生,表明TLR4參與了IL-12 和TNF-α的分泌。

本實驗從DC表面受體、表型、攝取抗原能力以及細(xì)胞因子的產(chǎn)生四個方面來證實白術(shù)多糖誘導(dǎo)人外周血來源的DC成熟與功能的改變,提示白術(shù)多糖的調(diào)節(jié)免疫功能與其誘導(dǎo)DC功能成熟相關(guān)。白術(shù)多糖刺激的DC細(xì)胞內(nèi)信號傳導(dǎo)的機制還有待于進一步研究。

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Effect of Polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz on Phenotypic and Functional Maturation of Dendritic Cells

JI Guangquan1, CHEN Renqiong2, ZHENG Jianxian1,*
(1. School of Light Industry and Food Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;2. Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China)

Purpose: To study the effect of polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (AMP) on phenotypic and functional maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). Methods: The expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was detected by Western blotting and the phagocytosis and phenotypic maturation of DCs was determined by flow cytometry. Furthermore,the production levels of IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in DCs stimulated by different concentrations of AMP (25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL). Moreover, the role of TLR4 in regulating IL-12 and TNF-α production was examined. Results: The expression levels of the markers of maturation such as HLA-DR, CD86, CD83 and CD80 were increased by AMP in a concentrate-dependent manner. Furthermore, AMP increased the production of IL-12 and TNF-α, promoted the expression of TLR4, and reduced the phagocytosis of DCs. Using TLR4 antibody, the presence of anti-TLR4 antibody markedly decreased IL-12 and TNF-α release. Conclusion: These data suggest that TLR4 is involved in the maturation of DCs induced by AMP.

Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz; dendritic cells; Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)

R965

A

1002-6630(2015)03-0207-05

10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201503040

2014-06-24

汲廣全(1982—),男,博士研究生,研究方向為苦味抑制的機理和免疫藥理學(xué)。E-mail:jiwenqiang1213@163.com

鄭建仙(1966—),男,教授,博士,研究方向為苦味抑制機理和免疫藥理學(xué)。E-mail:fejxzhen@163.com

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