陳元千,周 翠,張霞林,黃祥光
(1.中國(guó)石油勘探開發(fā)研究院,北京100083;2.中國(guó)石油遼河油田分公司勘探開發(fā)研究院,遼寧盤錦124010)
·專家論壇·
重質(zhì)油藏注蒸汽開采預(yù)測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量和經(jīng)濟(jì)極限汽油比的方法
——兼評(píng)國(guó)家行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的預(yù)測(cè)方法
陳元千1,周翠1,張霞林1,黃祥光2
(1.中國(guó)石油勘探開發(fā)研究院,北京100083;2.中國(guó)石油遼河油田分公司勘探開發(fā)研究院,遼寧盤錦124010)
蒸汽吞吐和蒸汽驅(qū)是重質(zhì)油藏注蒸汽開采的2個(gè)重要階段;經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量和經(jīng)濟(jì)極限汽油比,是評(píng)價(jià)注蒸汽開采的2個(gè)重要指標(biāo)。目前有關(guān)重質(zhì)油藏注蒸汽開采技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量的預(yù)測(cè),主要是按照1996和2010年發(fā)布的2個(gè)國(guó)家行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提出的注采關(guān)系法。該方法是描述累積注汽量與累積產(chǎn)油量的半對(duì)數(shù)直線關(guān)系,其有效應(yīng)用要依據(jù)國(guó)家行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比指標(biāo)中蒸汽吞吐階段為0.25 t/m3和蒸汽驅(qū)階段為0.15 t/m3;但國(guó)家行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比指標(biāo)過(guò)高,致使預(yù)測(cè)的技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量明顯偏低。為此,提出了先利用產(chǎn)量遞減法,比較準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量;再利用注采關(guān)系法,預(yù)測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)極限汽油比;研究并分析了國(guó)家行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比指標(biāo)的不合理性、技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量預(yù)測(cè)的不可靠性和總技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量的不準(zhǔn)確性。通過(guò)遼河油田齊40塊蒸汽吞吐開采的實(shí)際應(yīng)用表明,新方法預(yù)測(cè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量為1 573×104t,經(jīng)濟(jì)極限汽油比為20 m3/t,相應(yīng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比為0.05 t/m3;而由國(guó)家行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比預(yù)測(cè)的蒸汽吞吐技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量為1 110×104t,僅相當(dāng)于到2005年的實(shí)際累積產(chǎn)油量為1 144×104t。
注蒸汽開采重質(zhì)油藏經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量經(jīng)濟(jì)極限汽油比預(yù)測(cè)方法
在中國(guó)遼河、勝利和新疆等油區(qū)利用注蒸汽開采重質(zhì)油藏已經(jīng)歷了30 a,取得了較大成效,擁有了大量的生產(chǎn)動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù),為可采儲(chǔ)量的預(yù)測(cè)提供了良好基礎(chǔ)。迄今為止,中國(guó)有關(guān)注蒸汽開采重質(zhì)油藏預(yù)測(cè)可采儲(chǔ)量的方法,均采用2個(gè)國(guó)家行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[1-2]規(guī)定的注采關(guān)系法(簡(jiǎn)稱國(guó)行標(biāo)法)。該方法的有效應(yīng)用,須先從國(guó)行標(biāo)法中選用統(tǒng)一規(guī)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比指標(biāo):蒸汽吞吐階段為0.25 t/m3,蒸汽驅(qū)階段為0.15 t/m3,再利用注采關(guān)系法預(yù)測(cè)油藏的技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量。國(guó)行標(biāo)法統(tǒng)一規(guī)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比指標(biāo)缺少依據(jù),具有不合理性。利用該經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比指標(biāo)預(yù)測(cè)的技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量明顯偏低。為此,筆者提出了先利用產(chǎn)量遞減法,比較準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量;再利用注采關(guān)系法,預(yù)測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)極限汽油比。國(guó)行標(biāo)法將注蒸汽開采重質(zhì)油藏預(yù)測(cè)技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量的方法定名為注采關(guān)系法,筆者認(rèn)為并不合適,應(yīng)將其改名為注蒸汽特征曲線法,更切合實(shí)際。
1.1經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量
2005年提出預(yù)測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量的快速方法[3],已經(jīng)有效地應(yīng)用于鉆加密井[4]和注聚合物[5]增加可采儲(chǔ)量的預(yù)測(cè),以及頁(yè)巖氣藏井控制可采儲(chǔ)量的評(píng)價(jià)[6],并于2010年被國(guó)家行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[2]列為計(jì)算石油可采儲(chǔ)量的重要方法。
大量實(shí)際資料的應(yīng)用表明,Arps指數(shù)遞減是最為廣泛適用的遞減類型。對(duì)于實(shí)施注蒸汽開采的重質(zhì)油藏,當(dāng)油藏產(chǎn)油量的遞減符合指數(shù)遞減(n為0)時(shí),產(chǎn)量遞減階段的產(chǎn)油量與從投產(chǎn)計(jì)入的總累積產(chǎn)油量可由如下的直線關(guān)系[3,7-8]表示
其中
當(dāng)Qo=QEL時(shí),由式(1)預(yù)測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量的表達(dá)式為
當(dāng)產(chǎn)油量的遞減符合陳氏遞減(n為0.5)時(shí),Qo與Npt的關(guān)系式[8-9]為
其中
當(dāng)Qo=QEL時(shí),由式(5)預(yù)測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量的表達(dá)式為
當(dāng)實(shí)際生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)既不符合式(1)的Arps指數(shù)遞減,又不符合式(5)的陳氏遞減時(shí),則應(yīng)符合Arps雙曲線遞減。Qo與Npt的關(guān)系式[3,7]為
其中
當(dāng)Qo=QEL時(shí),由式(9)預(yù)測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量的表達(dá)式為
將經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量除以地質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量得到的經(jīng)濟(jì)采收率表達(dá)式為
預(yù)測(cè)3種遞減類型的經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量都涉及到注蒸汽開采的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限產(chǎn)油量。據(jù)注蒸汽開采的評(píng)價(jià)年度投入的總成本與產(chǎn)出的凈收入相平衡的基本原理,可得到預(yù)測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)極限年產(chǎn)油量的表達(dá)式[10-13]為
1.2經(jīng)濟(jì)極限汽油比
國(guó)行標(biāo)法[1,14]規(guī)定,人工注水開發(fā)的油田可以應(yīng)用甲、乙、丙和丁型水驅(qū)曲線法來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)油田的技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量;而國(guó)行標(biāo)法[1-2]將甲型水驅(qū)曲線法[15]轉(zhuǎn)用于注蒸汽開采重質(zhì)油藏技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量的預(yù)測(cè),并定名為注采關(guān)系法。劉斌[16-17]又將乙型[18]和丙型[19]水驅(qū)曲線法轉(zhuǎn)用于注蒸汽開采重質(zhì)油藏可采儲(chǔ)量的預(yù)測(cè)。為便于方法的對(duì)比與應(yīng)用,將注采關(guān)系法的累積注汽量與累積產(chǎn)油量的半對(duì)數(shù)直線關(guān)系稱為注蒸汽的Ⅰ型特征曲線,其表達(dá)式[1-2]為
由式(15)對(duì)時(shí)間求導(dǎo)來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)極限汽油比,其表達(dá)式為
其中
將式(19)代入式(15)得到注蒸汽的Ⅱ型特征曲線的表達(dá)式為
其中
將式(20)整理后得
當(dāng)Npt為經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量NRE時(shí),由式(23)預(yù)測(cè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限汽油比的表達(dá)式為
由式(4)、式(8)或式(12)預(yù)測(cè)不同遞減類型的經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量后,將其代入式(24),即可得到與其相應(yīng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限汽油比。
由于油汽比與汽油比互成倒數(shù)關(guān)系,故由式(24)可得經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比為
注蒸汽開采重質(zhì)油藏預(yù)測(cè)技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量的國(guó)行標(biāo)法[1-2]是先從國(guó)行標(biāo)中選用統(tǒng)一規(guī)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比指標(biāo),再利用國(guó)行標(biāo)的注采關(guān)系法,預(yù)測(cè)油藏技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量?,F(xiàn)對(duì)國(guó)行標(biāo)法予以簡(jiǎn)要的引導(dǎo)。
根據(jù)Ros與Rso互成倒數(shù)的關(guān)系,將式(19)整理后得
將式(26)代入式(15)得到總累積產(chǎn)油量與年度油汽比的關(guān)系式為
當(dāng)Ros為國(guó)行標(biāo)法中規(guī)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比0.25 t/m3時(shí),由式(27)可得國(guó)行標(biāo)法預(yù)測(cè)蒸汽吞吐技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量的關(guān)系式為
當(dāng)Ros為0.15 t/m3時(shí),由式(27)可得國(guó)行標(biāo)法預(yù)測(cè)蒸汽驅(qū)技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量的關(guān)系式為
按國(guó)行標(biāo)法的規(guī)定,將式(28)和式(29)預(yù)測(cè)的結(jié)果相加,可以得到所謂的重質(zhì)油藏的總技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量為
應(yīng)當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)指出,應(yīng)用國(guó)行標(biāo)法預(yù)測(cè)得到的式(30)的關(guān)系式是不正確的,也是不成立的。由式(28)和式(29)預(yù)測(cè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量,只是在2個(gè)不同經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比條件下的預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果,既不能分別規(guī)定為蒸汽吞吐開采和蒸汽驅(qū)開采的技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量,更不能將其相加得到所謂的總經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量。為了進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比與經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量的相關(guān)分析,將式(27)整理后得
目前尚不清楚國(guó)行標(biāo)法是依據(jù)什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將0.25 和0.15 t/m3分別規(guī)定為預(yù)測(cè)蒸汽吞吐和蒸汽驅(qū)開采技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比指標(biāo);將式(28)和式(29)預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果相加即為總技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量??傊瑖?guó)行標(biāo)法的正確性、可靠性和可利用性令人質(zhì)疑。
遼河油田齊40塊于1987年6月投入注蒸汽開采試驗(yàn),含油面積為7.9 km2,地質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量為3 774×104t,埋深為800 m,有效厚度為30 m,有效孔隙度為26.8%,空氣滲透率為256×10-3μm2,地面原油密度為0.968 6 g/cm3,地層原油粘度為2 658 mPa·s,原始地層壓力為8.5 MPa,飽和壓力為7.2 MPa。由年產(chǎn)油量與生產(chǎn)時(shí)間的關(guān)系(圖1)可以看出,齊40塊注蒸汽開采可以劃分為3個(gè)階段;即蒸汽吞吐試采階段(1987—1994年),生產(chǎn)井距由200 m加密到141 m;蒸汽吞吐綜合調(diào)整階段(1995—2006年),生產(chǎn)井距加密到100 m;蒸汽驅(qū)階段(2007年—至今),生產(chǎn)井距加密到70 m。由年產(chǎn)油量與總累積產(chǎn)油量的關(guān)系(圖2)可以看出,在蒸汽吞吐試采和綜合調(diào)整2個(gè)階段的產(chǎn)量遞減期,年產(chǎn)油量與總累積產(chǎn)油量呈較明顯的直線下降關(guān)系,因此,均符合Arps指數(shù)遞減類型。根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[3-9]提出的預(yù)測(cè)技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量的方法,預(yù)測(cè)3個(gè)階段的技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量分別為572× 104,1 760×104和3 264×104t。其中,對(duì)蒸汽吞吐綜合調(diào)整階段的經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量和經(jīng)濟(jì)極限汽油比進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)和線性回歸,求得該階段遞減直線的截距為151.59,斜率為0.086 1,相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.966 6。
圖1 齊40塊年產(chǎn)油量與生產(chǎn)時(shí)間的關(guān)系Fig.1 Variation of annual oil production with production time in Block Qi40
圖2 齊40塊年產(chǎn)油量與總累積產(chǎn)油量的關(guān)系Fig.2 Relationship between annual oil production and cumulative oil production in Block Qi40
繪制齊40塊Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型特征曲線(圖3),并對(duì)兩者的直線進(jìn)行線性回歸,分別求得Ⅰ型特征曲線直線的截距為2.286 6,斜率為0.000 9,相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.999 3;Ⅱ型特征曲線直線的截距為-0.428 1,斜率為0.001 1,相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.994 2。
圖3 齊40塊Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型特征曲線Fig.3 Typical curvesⅠandⅡof Block Qi40
已知齊40塊2006年的生產(chǎn)總成本為32 300× 104元;取油價(jià)為2 950元/t,原油商品率為0.90,綜合稅率為0.25。將這些參數(shù)代入式(14)得到2006年評(píng)價(jià)日期評(píng)估的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限年產(chǎn)油量為16.22×104t/ a。將圖2中蒸汽吞吐試采階段擬合得到的直線截距、斜率和式(14)計(jì)算得到的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限年產(chǎn)油量代入式(4),得到蒸汽吞吐綜合調(diào)整階段預(yù)測(cè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量為1 573×104t。將式(4)預(yù)測(cè)的蒸汽吞吐綜合調(diào)整階段經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量和地質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量代入式(13),得到蒸汽吞吐階段的經(jīng)濟(jì)采收率為41.6%;再將圖3中年汽油比與總累積產(chǎn)油量半對(duì)數(shù)直線的截距、斜率和式(4)預(yù)測(cè)的蒸汽吞吐綜合調(diào)整階段經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量代入式(24),得到新方法預(yù)測(cè)蒸汽吞吐綜合調(diào)整階段的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限汽油比為20 m3/t,相應(yīng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比為0.05 t/m3;將圖3中累積注汽量與總累積產(chǎn)油量半對(duì)數(shù)直線的截距、斜率代入式(28),得到國(guó)行標(biāo)法的蒸汽吞吐技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量為1 110×104t,僅相當(dāng)于到2005年的實(shí)際累積產(chǎn)油量1 144×104t;再將圖3中累積注汽量與總累積產(chǎn)油量半對(duì)數(shù)直線的截距、斜率代入式(29),得到國(guó)行標(biāo)法的蒸汽驅(qū)技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量為1 356×104t。若將圖3中累積注汽量與總累積產(chǎn)油量半對(duì)數(shù)直線的截距和斜率再代入式(31),則得到國(guó)行標(biāo)法預(yù)測(cè)的油汽比與總累積產(chǎn)油量的關(guān)系式為
設(shè)定不同的累積產(chǎn)油量,由式(32)計(jì)算油汽比進(jìn)而分析年油汽比與總累積產(chǎn)油量的半對(duì)數(shù)關(guān)系(圖4)。由圖4可以看出,隨總累積產(chǎn)油量的增加年油汽比呈直線下降。也就是說(shuō)隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比的降低,國(guó)行標(biāo)法預(yù)測(cè)的技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量增加。由經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比為0.25和0.15 t/m3預(yù)測(cè)的技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量分別為1 110×104和1 356×104t。這只是2個(gè)不同經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比計(jì)算的結(jié)果,而且后者包括前者。因此,兩者既不能說(shuō)是蒸汽吞吐和蒸汽驅(qū)開采階段的技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量,更不能將其相加得到所謂的總技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量。
圖4 齊40塊年油汽比與總累積產(chǎn)油量的半對(duì)數(shù)關(guān)系Fig.4 Semi-log graph of annual oil-steam ratio vs. cumulative oil production
遼河油田齊40塊實(shí)例應(yīng)用表明,重質(zhì)油藏注蒸汽開采預(yù)測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量和經(jīng)濟(jì)極限汽油比的新預(yù)測(cè)方法是正確有效的。利用該方法評(píng)價(jià)研究區(qū)2006年的生產(chǎn)總成本,以及采用其油價(jià)、綜合稅率和原油商品率預(yù)測(cè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限年產(chǎn)油量為16.22× 104t/a;根據(jù)蒸汽吞吐綜合調(diào)整階段的產(chǎn)量遞減資料,采用新方法預(yù)測(cè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量為1 573×104t,經(jīng)濟(jì)極限汽油比為20 m3/t,相應(yīng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比為0.05 t/m3。根據(jù)國(guó)行標(biāo)法,當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比為0.25 t/m3時(shí),預(yù)測(cè)的技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量為1 110×104t,比新方法預(yù)測(cè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量少463×104t,這顯然是不正確的。國(guó)行標(biāo)法規(guī)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比為0.25 t/m3,是新方法預(yù)測(cè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比的5倍,預(yù)測(cè)的技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量明顯偏低。根據(jù)國(guó)行標(biāo)法規(guī)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比為0.25和0.15 t/m3時(shí),預(yù)測(cè)的總累積產(chǎn)油量不能分別定義為蒸汽吞吐和蒸汽驅(qū)開采階段的技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量,更不能將其相加得到所謂的總技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量??傊?,國(guó)行標(biāo)法規(guī)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比指標(biāo),是缺少依據(jù)且不合理的,由此預(yù)測(cè)的結(jié)果也是不可靠的。在國(guó)行標(biāo)法中,將Si定義為累積注汽量的專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?。如果定名為形成蒸汽的累積注水量,則更切合實(shí)際,相應(yīng)的汽油比和油汽比,可稱為擬汽油比和擬油汽比。
符號(hào)解釋:
n——遞減指數(shù);Qo——不同生產(chǎn)時(shí)間的年產(chǎn)油量,104t/a;ae,be——符合Arps指數(shù)遞減式(1)的直線截距和斜率;Npt——從投產(chǎn)計(jì)入的總累積產(chǎn)油量,104t;Qi——不同產(chǎn)量遞減階段初始的年產(chǎn)油量,104t/a;D——年遞減率,a-1;Npo——不同產(chǎn)量遞減階段初始時(shí)間的總累積產(chǎn)油量,104t;QEL——新預(yù)測(cè)方法的經(jīng)濟(jì)極限年產(chǎn)油量,104t/a;NRE——經(jīng)濟(jì)可采儲(chǔ)量,104t;ac,bc——符合陳氏遞減式(5)的直線截距和斜率;Di——初始遞減率;ah,bh——符合Arps雙曲線遞減式(9)的直線截距和斜率;ERE——經(jīng)濟(jì)采收率,%;N——地質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量,104t;Ct——注蒸汽開采的評(píng)價(jià)年度投入的年生產(chǎn)總成本,104元/a;η——原油商品率;Po——評(píng)價(jià)年度原油的價(jià)格,元/t;Τx——綜合稅率;Si——累積注汽量,104m3;A1,B1——Ⅰ型特征曲線的直線截距和斜率;t——注蒸汽開采的生產(chǎn)時(shí)間,a;Qs——不同生產(chǎn)時(shí)間的年注汽量,104m3/a;Rso——汽油比,m3/t;A2,B2——Ⅱ型特征曲線的直線截距和斜率;RsoEL——經(jīng)濟(jì)極限汽油比,m3/t;——經(jīng)濟(jì)極限油汽比,t/m3;Ros——油汽比,t/m3;——國(guó)行標(biāo)法預(yù)測(cè)蒸汽吞吐技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量,104t;——國(guó)行標(biāo)法預(yù)測(cè)蒸汽驅(qū)技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量,104t;——國(guó)行標(biāo)法的總技術(shù)可采儲(chǔ)量,104t。
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編輯王星
Methods for predicting economically recoverable reserves and economic limit of steam-oil ratio of heavy oil reservoir by steam flooding recovery:Comment on the prediction methods of the national industry standard
Chen Yuanqian1,Zhou Cui1,Zhang Xialin1,Huang Xiangguang2
(1.PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,Beijing City,100083,China;2.Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Liaohe Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Panjin City,Liaoning Province,124010,China)
For heavy oil reservoir,steam huff and puff and steam drive are two important stages of steam flooding recovery.The economically recoverable reserves and economic limit of steam-oil ratio are two important indexes to evaluate steam flooding recovery.Up till now,the injection-production relationship method of the national industry standard published in 1996 and 2010 are the main methods to evaluate recoverable reserves of heavy oil reservoir by steam flooding recovery.This method describes the semi-log linear relationship between the cumulative gas injection rate and the cumulative oil production rate and its effective application largely depends on the economic limit of oil-steam ratio(0.25 t/m3for the steam huff and puff,and 0.15 t/m3for the steam flooding recovery).However,the economic limit of oil-steam ratio in the national industry standard is rather higher which leads to smaller technically recoverable reserves.The production decline method was firstly used to predict economically recoverable reserves accurately,and then the injection-production relationship method was applied to predict economic limit of steam-oil ratio.At the same time,the irrationalityof the economic limit of oil-steam ratio,the unreliability of the technical recoverable reserves and the incorrectness of the total technically recoverable reserves of the national industry standard were researched and analyzed.The actual application of Block Qi40 in Liaohe oilfield indicates that the economically recoverable reserves predicted by the method in this paper are 1 573×104t,and the economic limit of steam-oil ratio is 20 m3/t and its corresponding economic limit of oil-steam ratio is 0.05 t/m3.However,the technically recoverable reserves predicted by the economic limit of oil-steam ratio according to the national industry standard is 1 110×104t,which equals to the cumulative oil production rate of 1 144×104t in 2005.
steam flooding recovery;heavy oil reservoir;economically recoverable reserves;economic limit of steamoil ratio;prediction method
TE313.8
A
1009-9603(2015)05-0001-06
2015-07-21。
陳元千(1933—),男,河南蘭考人,教授級(jí)高級(jí)工程師,從事油氣藏工程、油氣田開發(fā)和油氣儲(chǔ)量評(píng)價(jià)方面的科研、教學(xué)與評(píng)估工作。聯(lián)系電話:(010)62398212,E-mail:1099690612@qq.com。