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特殊句式精析精練

2015-07-10 03:07任曉飛
試題與研究·高考英語(yǔ) 2015年1期
關(guān)鍵詞:句首語(yǔ)序省略

任曉飛

英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的特殊句式有倒裝句、省略句、強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)等,由于其句子結(jié)構(gòu)特殊,易與其他句式混淆而容易導(dǎo)致失分。下面結(jié)合考題,對(duì)以上特殊句式的用法和易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)進(jìn)行剖析,以幫助考生走出解題誤區(qū)。

一、倒裝句

倒裝可分為“全部倒裝”和“部分倒裝”。句子是全部倒裝還是部分倒裝往往取決于位于句首的特殊詞語(yǔ)。因此,熟記具有倒裝要求的標(biāo)志詞是解題的關(guān)鍵。

(一)考查全部倒裝

將整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)提到主語(yǔ)之前的稱為全部倒裝。常見(jiàn)的有:

1.用于“there(here,now,then)+不及物動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”的句型中,或以in, out, down, up, away等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子里,以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如:

①There goes the bell.鈴響了。

②Out rushed the boy with an apple in his hand.那個(gè)男孩手里拿著一個(gè)蘋果沖出去了。

【考例】For a moment nothing happened. Then (come) voices all shouting together.

解析:副詞then位于句首,句子應(yīng)使用全部倒裝語(yǔ)序,將動(dòng)詞直接移到主語(yǔ)前面,根據(jù)前一句的動(dòng)詞happened和句意可知,應(yīng)使用過(guò)去時(shí),故填came。

2.表示方位意義的介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞短語(yǔ)位于句首作狀語(yǔ)且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be或表示“位于,存在”的動(dòng)詞或“位置移動(dòng)”的單個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),應(yīng)使用全部倒裝。

【考例】At the foot of the mountain (lie) a village.

解析: lies。At the foot of the mountain是表示方位意義的介詞短語(yǔ),位于句首時(shí),句子要使用全部倒裝語(yǔ)序,此處陳述一個(gè)事實(shí),故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

3. 做表語(yǔ)的形容詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí),句子要使用全部倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如:

①Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.他們想對(duì)中國(guó)人怎樣就怎樣的日子一去不復(fù)返了。

②Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.出席會(huì)議的有懷特教授和許多其他客人。

【考例】Such (be) the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.

解析:本句意思是“這就是電視的力量——它能讓人一夜成名”。such做表語(yǔ),放在句首,引起全部倒裝,本句的主語(yǔ)是the power,不可數(shù),故用is。

易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)歸納:

1.當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí),盡管副詞位于句首,但主謂語(yǔ)序不倒裝。例如:

①Out they rushed.他們沖出去了。

②Here he comes.他來(lái)了。

2.表示方位意義的介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí),由于倒裝的標(biāo)志不明顯,有些考生誤用正常語(yǔ)序;另外,倒裝后要注意主謂一致時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與后面的主語(yǔ)一致。例如:

On top of the hill stands a big pine tree.山頂上聳立著一棵大松樹(shù)。

(二)考查部分倒裝

將謂語(yǔ)的一部分(即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞)提到主語(yǔ)前的稱為部分倒裝。如果句中沒(méi)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞,謂語(yǔ)只是一個(gè)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,要在主語(yǔ)前加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did等,主語(yǔ)后的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用原形。

1.當(dāng)so(such)…that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首時(shí),構(gòu)成部分倒裝句。

【考例】So loudly he speak that everyone of the class could hear him.

解析:so…that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的so位于句首時(shí),構(gòu)成部分倒裝句,應(yīng)將助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前。由could hear可知應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí),故填表示過(guò)去的助動(dòng)詞did。

2. 由so,neither,nor開(kāi)頭的句子,表示重復(fù)前面句子的部分意思(肯定用so,否定用neither或nor),但前后兩句的主語(yǔ)不同,該替代句式要部分倒裝。

【考例1】If Joes wife wont go to the party, neither he.

解析:句意為:如果Joe的妻子不愿意去參加晚會(huì),他也不去。表示“意愿”,用will。

【考例2】—My room gets very cold at night.

—So mine.

解析:重復(fù)前面句子的部分意思,肯定用so。并且前一句中使用了實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,故用助動(dòng)詞does代替。

3.當(dāng)具有否定意義的詞或詞組(no, not, never, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, little, by no means, in no case/way, at no time等)位于句首時(shí),要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。

【考例1】Little Rose care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.

解析:little是含有否定意義的副詞,位于句首時(shí),句子應(yīng)使用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序;結(jié)合狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)和整個(gè)句子的意思可知,應(yīng)使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞,故填did。endprint

【考例2】—How was the televised debate last night?

—Super! Rarely a debate attract so much media attention.

解析:rarely是含有否定意義的副詞,位于句首時(shí),句子應(yīng)使用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知,這是談?wù)摰倪^(guò)去的事情,應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí),故填did。

4.某些連詞,如not only…but (also)…, hardly…when…, no sooner…than…等開(kāi)頭連接句子時(shí),第一個(gè)分句的主謂要部分倒裝。

【考例】The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only was teachers energy(save), but students became more interested in the lessons.

解析:not only…but (also)…連接句子時(shí),第一個(gè)分句的主謂要部分倒裝。由句意可知,教師的精力應(yīng)該是“被節(jié)省”,前面已有was,此處應(yīng)填被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞saved。

5. only位于句首,修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),要用部分倒裝。

【考例1】Only then she realize how much damage had been caused.

解析:only位于句首,修飾副詞時(shí),要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。then是過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞,故填表示過(guò)去時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞did。

【考例2】 by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.

解析:由will Power Data hold可知,本句使用了部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。再結(jié)合句意“只有通過(guò)降低費(fèi)用,Power Data才能保持對(duì)其他公司的優(yōu)勢(shì)?!笨芍瑧?yīng)填引起部分倒裝的only。

易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)歸納:

1.“only +狀語(yǔ)從句”和“not until +從句”位于句首時(shí),倒裝在主句中進(jìn)行。例如:

①Only when he grows up can he know how important English is. 只有當(dāng)他長(zhǎng)大了才知道英語(yǔ)有多么重要。

②Not until she saw the gift did the little girl stop crying.直到看見(jiàn)了禮物,那個(gè)小女孩才停止哭泣。

【考例1】Not until I came home last night Mum go to bed.

解析:not until引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首時(shí),not until的從句不倒裝,主句使用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序,故填did。

【考例2】Only after my friend came was the computer (repair).

解析:only位于句首,修飾狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句不倒裝,主句要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)該是“被修理”,故填repaired。

2.not only…but also…連接兩個(gè)并列分句時(shí),倒裝在not only連接的分句中進(jìn)行。例如:

Not only does he have to type the answer on the computer, but also he gets the computer to translate this into sound.他不僅要把答案輸入計(jì)算機(jī),而且還要讓計(jì)算機(jī)把它轉(zhuǎn)換成聲音。

3.no sooner…than…的倒裝在no sooner從句中進(jìn)行;hardly / scarcely…when…的倒裝在hardly / scarcely所在的主句中進(jìn)行。例如:

①No sooner had he finished his talk than a man stood up and put forward a question.他剛講完話,一個(gè)人就站起來(lái)提出了一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

②Hardly had I entered the army when I felt very proud. 我剛參軍入伍就感到很驕傲。

4. 當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí),可以把if省去,把從句中的were,had,should等放在從句前面,構(gòu)成部分倒裝。例如:

Should she invite me tomorrow,I would go to the party.如果她明天邀請(qǐng)我參加聚會(huì),我會(huì)去的。

5.如果only修飾的詞不是做狀語(yǔ),而是做主語(yǔ)時(shí),句子就不用倒裝。例如:

Only the doctor can save his life. 只有這個(gè)醫(yī)生才能救他的命。

(三)考查特殊倒裝

1. 當(dāng)as / though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可出現(xiàn)“名詞/形容詞/副詞/分詞+ as/though +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞”或“動(dòng)詞+ as /though+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞”的倒裝形式。

【考例1】Unsatisfied he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.

解析: 句意為:雖然他對(duì)報(bào)酬不滿意,但是為了得到一些工作經(jīng)驗(yàn),他接受了這份工作。由句意和倒裝的unsatisfied可知,此處應(yīng)填though或as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,此時(shí)主謂不倒裝。endprint

【考例2】(strangely) as it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.

解析: 句意為:雖然聽(tīng)起來(lái)很奇怪,但是他的主意被所有出席會(huì)議的人所接受。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),應(yīng)使用倒裝語(yǔ)序,因此位于句首的strange做連系動(dòng)詞sound的表語(yǔ),應(yīng)使用形容詞做表語(yǔ),故填Strange。

2. 當(dāng)however, no matter how引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),常把“however / no matter how +形容詞/副詞”放在句首,此時(shí)主謂不倒裝。

【考例】 fast he runs, he cant catch up with us.

解析:句意為:無(wú)論他跑得多快也不能趕上我們。根據(jù)句意和倒裝的fast 可知,應(yīng)使用however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,構(gòu)成“however +副詞”結(jié)構(gòu),放在句首,主謂不倒裝。

易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)歸納:

1.as / though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),表語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí),名詞前不加任何冠詞。例如:

Child as he is, he knows a lot.盡管他是個(gè)孩子,但他懂得很多。

2.但as / though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),若動(dòng)詞提前,謂語(yǔ)部分應(yīng)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞(如will, would, may, might等)。例如:

Try as I might, I could not lift the stone.盡管用盡力氣,但我還是舉不起這塊石頭。

3. however修飾形容詞/副詞,若修飾名詞,應(yīng)使用whatever。例如:

①He tried his best to solve the problem,however difficult it was.不管有多難,他盡最大努力去解決這個(gè)難題。

②He tried his best to solve the problem,whatever difficulty he might have. 不管有什么困難,他盡最大努力去解決這個(gè)難題。

二、省略句

為了避免重復(fù),使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練緊湊,在不損害結(jié)構(gòu)或引起誤解的原則下,往往省去一個(gè)或多個(gè)句子成分或詞語(yǔ),這就給考生的理解增加了難度。在近幾年的高考試題中,省略現(xiàn)象十分常見(jiàn)。

(一)考查不定式的省略

在同一個(gè)句子或聯(lián)系緊密的對(duì)話中,為了避免重復(fù),做賓語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式再次出現(xiàn)時(shí),不定式符號(hào)to后面的內(nèi)容常常被省略,只保留不定式符號(hào)to。這種情況常用于動(dòng)詞refuse, would like / love, wish, want, hope, expect, intend以及形容詞afraid, happy, glad, willing, ready等之后。

【考例】—Whats the matter with Della?

—Well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party,but she still hopes.

解析:此處想表達(dá)“but she still hopes go to the party”,為了避免重復(fù),只保留hopes to。

易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)歸納:

如果承前省略的不定式后有be或作助動(dòng)詞的have時(shí),不定式符號(hào)to后要保留be或have。例如:

—Are you a teacher?你是老師嗎?

—No, but I used to be.不是,可我以前當(dāng)過(guò)老師。

(二)考查替代省略

為了避免重復(fù),常用it, one, that替代前面句子中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的名詞、代詞或句子。

【考例1】The CDs are on sale!Buy one and you get completely free.

解析:根據(jù)意思可知,這些CD唱片正在大甩賣,買一贈(zèng)一,故用one替代前面的名詞CD。

【考例2】Little joy can equal of a surprising ending when you read stories.

解析:替代不可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)使用that。此處用that代替前文出現(xiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞joy,以避免重復(fù)。

易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)歸納:

1.that用來(lái)代替前面提到過(guò)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,不能和冠詞連用,其后總有修飾語(yǔ),其復(fù)數(shù)形式是those。例如:

The climate in Zhengzhou is better than that in Jinan.鄭州的氣候比濟(jì)南的要好。(that代替前面的不可數(shù)名詞climate,并且后面有修飾語(yǔ)in Jinan,此處不可用one。)

[JP2]

2. one/ones用來(lái)代替前面提到過(guò)的可數(shù)名詞,one指代單數(shù),ones指代復(fù)數(shù),所替代的是同名異物,表示泛指,可有前置定語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ),也可單獨(dú)使用。特指時(shí)必須加定冠詞the。例如:[JP]

We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made one from some wood we had.我們的廚房里需要一個(gè)碗柜,于是Peter用我們現(xiàn)有的木頭做了一個(gè)。(one替代上文中的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞cupboard,表示泛指意義。)

(三)考查并列句中的省略

兩個(gè)并列分句中,后一個(gè)分句常省略與前一個(gè)分句中相同的部分。例如:endprint

They learn French and we English.他們學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ),我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。(省略了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞learn)

【考例】One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and the white.

解析:句意為:這個(gè)板子的一面應(yīng)該漆成黃色,另一面應(yīng)該漆成白色。“一面……,另一面……”應(yīng)表示為“one…, the other…”;the other white是the other side should be painted white的省略說(shuō)法。

(四)考查狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略

在時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同或者從句中的主語(yǔ)是it,從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞又含有be的某一種形式時(shí),可以省略從句中的主語(yǔ)和be,構(gòu)成“連詞+分詞”形式。

【考例1】Film has a much shorter history, especially when (compare) to such art forms as music and painting.

解析:狀語(yǔ)從句中省略了主語(yǔ),應(yīng)該是與主句的主語(yǔ)film相同。film和compare之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以要用被動(dòng)形式,故填compared。

【考例2】The flowers his friend gave him will die unless (water) every day.

解析:根據(jù)句意:除非天天澆水,否則的話他朋友給他的這些花就會(huì)死??芍☉?yīng)該是“被澆”,故應(yīng)填watered,狀語(yǔ)從句中省略了they are。

三、強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)

強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)(It is / was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that / who…)實(shí)用性強(qiáng)、易與其他句型結(jié)合,成為各省市高考命題的熱點(diǎn)。

(一)考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的基本形式

強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的基本形式是“It is / was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that / who…”,可以用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等,不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

【考例1】It was in New Zealand Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith.

解析:此題強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)in New Zealand,還原后為:Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith in New Zealand.

【考例2】 is imagination that makes the world colorful, full of vigor and vitality.

解析:此題強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中的主語(yǔ)imagination,還原后為:Imagination makes the world colorful, full of vigor and vitality.

(二)考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問(wèn)句形式

強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問(wèn)句句型為:Is / Was it +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that / who…?

【考例】Was it you I saw last night at the concert?

[JP+1]

解析:此題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問(wèn)句形式:Is / Was it +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that / who…?[JP]

(三)考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式

強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊疑問(wèn)句句型為:特殊疑問(wèn)詞(Who / What / When / Where / Why / How…)+ is / was it that…?例如:

①Where was it that she saw you last time?

②How was it that he came here?

這類強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)置于從句中時(shí)應(yīng)使用陳述語(yǔ)序,例如:

The question is who it is that we can trust.

【考例1】I just wonder it is that makes him so excited.

解析:此題考查對(duì)特殊疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào),強(qiáng)調(diào)了在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞what。還原后的句子為“I just wonder what makes him so excited.”故填what。

【考例2】— was it that he managed to get the information?

— Oh, a friend of his helped him.

解析:此題考查對(duì)特殊疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào),強(qiáng)調(diào)了做方式狀語(yǔ)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞how。還原后為“How did he manage to get the information?”

(四)考查對(duì)not… until…句式的強(qiáng)調(diào)

對(duì)not…until…句式的強(qiáng)調(diào)有固定的句型,即It was not until…that…

【考例1】It was not until he came back from Africa that year he met the girl he would like to marry.

解析:此題是對(duì)not…until…句式的強(qiáng)調(diào),應(yīng)使用固定的句型,即It was not until…that…還原后為“ He didnt meet the girl he would like to marry until he came back from Africa that year.”故填that。endprint

【考例2】 was not until midnight that they reached the camp site.

解析: 根據(jù)句意可知,這是對(duì)not…until…句式的強(qiáng)調(diào),應(yīng)使用“It was not until…that…”句型。還原后為“They didnt reach the camp site until midnight.”

(五)考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的反義疑問(wèn)句及答語(yǔ)

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的反義疑問(wèn)句及其回答應(yīng)與“It is / was…that / who…”結(jié)構(gòu)保持一致。

【考例1】It was Tom who broke the window, wasnt ?

解析: 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的反義疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)與“It is / was…that…”結(jié)構(gòu)保持一致,故填it,不能填he。

【考例2】—Wasnt it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now?

—Yes, was.

解析:強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的反義疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)應(yīng)與It is/ was…that…結(jié)構(gòu)保持一致,故填it,不填he。

(六)考查對(duì)各種從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)

1.強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)從句

【考例】It was after he got what he had desired he realized it was not so important.

解析: 此題強(qiáng)調(diào)after引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句,還原后為“After he got what he had desired, he realized it was not so important.”故填that。

2.強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞性從句

【考例】—Ive read another book this week.

—Well, maybe is not how much you read but what you read that counts.

解析:該句把強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)和兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句用在了一起。count意為“重要,有價(jià)值”,是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,其主語(yǔ)是由not...but...連接的兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)從句。此題強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)從句,還原后句子為“Not how much you read but what you read counts.”

易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)歸納:

[JP+1]

強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)與其他含有it 的結(jié)構(gòu)非常相似,很容易混淆。另外,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)還經(jīng)常與其他從句或結(jié)構(gòu)混合考查,這給考生增加了難度。[JP]

1.與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

①It was in Qingdao that he met the famous writer.

②It was Qingdao where he met the famous writer.

句①是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)in Qingdao,該句可還原為He met the famous writer in Qingdao.

句②為含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句,where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞Qingdao,不可用that。

2.與主語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

①It is the Great Wall that they are going to visit next week.

②It is true that they are going to visit the Great Wall next week.

句①為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是賓語(yǔ)the Great Wall,該句可還原為They are going to visit the Great Wall.

句②為含有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句,that引導(dǎo)的從句是句子的真正主語(yǔ),it為形式主語(yǔ)。

3.與狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

①It was at ten that he came to see me.

②It was ten when he came to see me.

句①為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at ten,該句可還原為He came to see me at ten.

句②為含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句。

4.與含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句一起考查,判斷何處是定語(yǔ)從句,何處是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。

【考例】It was in Beihai Park they made a date for the first time the old couple told us their love story.

解析:此題結(jié)合定語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行考查。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,此題強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)in Beihai Park,但是在Beihai Park后接了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,由于先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,第二空應(yīng)填強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中的that。

5.考查省略的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的辨別。

強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)與定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)合考查,但是強(qiáng)調(diào)句不完整,極易混淆。

【考例】—Where did you get to know her?

—It was on the farm we worked.

[JP3]

解析:此題強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),這是省略的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知“我們是在以前工作的農(nóng)場(chǎng)認(rèn)識(shí)的”,we worked是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾the farm,用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo),補(bǔ)全后為“It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.”強(qiáng)調(diào)on the farm where we worked;如果在空格處填that,強(qiáng)調(diào)on the farm,則意思為“我們是在那家農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作的”,不能與上文呼應(yīng)。[JP]endprint

鞏固練習(xí):

1. It was along the Mississippi River Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.

2.It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks I found we had a lot in common.

3.Ive already forgotten it was that you put the dictionary yesterday.

4.Was it in 1969 the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon?

5.It was 1949 the PRC was founded.

6.—Is that a book on farming? If so, I want to borrow .

—Yes, it is.

7.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if (see) whether he was going in the right direction.

8.—What do you think made the girl so glad?

— (receive) a beautiful necklace.

9.—Whats the matter with you?

—I didnt pass the test, but I still hope .

10.—How are you getting on with your work?

—Oh, Im sorry. Things arent going so well as (plan).

11.Hard she works, she may not catch up with her sister Lisa.

12.By no means she agree to our plan for the trip.

13. you asked me, I would have given you his address.

14.I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom I felt so lonely as now.

15.Not until I began to work I realize how much time I had wasted.

答案與解析:

1. that。此題去掉It was…that…并調(diào)整順序后句子完整,說(shuō)明是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)along the Mississippi River。

2. that。根據(jù)句意“直到我們一起待了幾個(gè)星期后我才發(fā)現(xiàn)我們有很多共同點(diǎn)。”可知,這是對(duì)not…until…句式的強(qiáng)調(diào),應(yīng)使用固定的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It was not until…that…

3.where。句意為:我已經(jīng)忘記了你昨天到底把字典放在哪里了。此題考查賓語(yǔ)從句中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,應(yīng)使用陳述語(yǔ)序,并且強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“哪兒”。

4. that。此題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問(wèn)句形式。還原成陳述語(yǔ)序?yàn)椤癐t was in 1969 that the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.”

5. when。此題考查對(duì)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與其他句型的辨別能力。若是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),去掉it was… that…后,剩余部分仍能組成一個(gè)完整的句子。此題不是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),it指代時(shí)間,when引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

6.it??疾樘娲÷?。用it替代前面句子中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的名詞book,表示同一本書(shū)。

7. to see??疾闋钫Z(yǔ)從句中的省略。as if to see是as if he was going to see的省略說(shuō)法。

8.Receiving??疾榇鹫Z(yǔ)中的省略。此題用what提問(wèn),并且在句中做主語(yǔ),故回答應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。Receiving a beautiful necklace后面省略了前文中的made the girl so glad。

9. to??疾椴欢ㄊ降氖÷?。I still hope to是I still hope to pass the test的省略說(shuō)法。

10.planned??疾闋钫Z(yǔ)從句中的省略。as planned是as it is planned的省略說(shuō)法。

11.though / as。句意為:盡管她努力學(xué)習(xí),但是她可能還是趕不上她的姐姐Lisa。本句中hard倒裝到句首,應(yīng)使用though / as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

12. will。by no means是表示否定意義的介詞短語(yǔ),在句中做狀語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí),句子使用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。根據(jù)意思表示“意愿”,故填will。

13.Had。當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí),從句中含有were,had,should時(shí),可以把if省去,把were,had,should放在從句前面,構(gòu)成部分倒裝。根據(jù)主句中的would have given可知,本題條件句中表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,應(yīng)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí),故把had提前。

14.have。seldom是含有否定意義的副詞,位于句首時(shí),句子應(yīng)使用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境應(yīng)選擇現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。

15.did。not until引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首時(shí),not until的從句不倒裝,主句部分倒裝。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知應(yīng)使用過(guò)去時(shí),故填did。endprint

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