王士龍
一、高考書面表達(dá)對(duì)考生的能力要求
《普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(實(shí)驗(yàn))》對(duì)寫作是這樣闡述的:寫作是四項(xiàng)語言技能中不可分割的一個(gè)重要部分,更是語言生成能力的重要表現(xiàn)形式。該部分要求考生根據(jù)提示進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)。考生應(yīng)能準(zhǔn)確使用語法和詞匯;應(yīng)能使用一定的句型、詞匯,清楚、連貫地表達(dá)自己的意思。
二、書面表達(dá)的具體訓(xùn)練步驟
寫作是有一定規(guī)律的??忌趯懽饔?xùn)練時(shí),應(yīng)做到循序漸進(jìn),由易到難,逐步提高,具體要走好三大步。
第一步:力求簡潔的初始階段。
能正確運(yùn)用五種簡單句的基本句型,不用復(fù)合句和復(fù)雜句式,力求無語病。
1.主語+不及物動(dòng)詞
例如:He laughs.
2.主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語
例如:This kind of food tastes delicious.
其系動(dòng)詞一般可分為兩類:
①表示狀態(tài)。這類詞有:be, look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,stay等。
②表示變化。這類詞有:become, turn, get, grow,go 等。
3.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語
例如:Farmers grow lots of vegetables.
4.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語
引導(dǎo)這類雙賓語的常見動(dòng)詞有:buy, pass, lend, give, teach, show, bring,send 等。
例如:Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
5.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+補(bǔ)語
賓語補(bǔ)足語的主要作用是補(bǔ)充、說明賓語的特點(diǎn)、身份等或者表示讓賓語去完成的動(dòng)作等。
擔(dān)任賓補(bǔ)的是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。例如:
①You should keep the room clean and tidy.(形容詞)
②We made him our monitor.(名詞)
③His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)
④My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
⑤Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(過去分詞)
第二步:多寫多練的過渡階段。
新課標(biāo)要求書面表達(dá)寫100詞左右,平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)可適當(dāng)增加,可練習(xí)寫120詞左右的作文。練習(xí)時(shí)可寫合作學(xué)習(xí),微笑的作用,團(tuán)結(jié)友愛等。在多寫多練中找出自己的缺點(diǎn)和錯(cuò)誤,錘煉自己的正確表達(dá)。
第三步:登堂入室的升華階段。
用詞不僅要準(zhǔn)確恰當(dāng),還要有表現(xiàn)力,遣詞造句力求豐富多樣,謀篇布局要高屋建瓴,起承轉(zhuǎn)合銜接恰當(dāng),呈現(xiàn)出整體的氣勢(shì)和美感。
在進(jìn)行具體的寫作訓(xùn)練時(shí),應(yīng)從以下幾個(gè)方面入手:
1.注意審題。仔細(xì)閱讀寫作要求及注意事項(xiàng),防止出現(xiàn)偏題、跑題,文不對(duì)題。
2.確定要點(diǎn)。確定格式、體裁、人稱、時(shí)態(tài)及其他基本要點(diǎn)。一般按要求寫出5~6個(gè)要點(diǎn),盡量使用短語形式,涉及動(dòng)詞用原形。力求用自己熟悉的表達(dá)方式。對(duì)不熟悉的表達(dá)方式可以采用其他變通說法,避免死譯、硬譯。
3.擴(kuò)點(diǎn)成句。列出重要的詞組及句型,豐富要點(diǎn),增加修飾語,如定語、狀語或其他修飾語。添加句子成分,符合字?jǐn)?shù)及要點(diǎn)要求。
4.連句成篇。運(yùn)用連接詞將句子連成短文,打好草稿。在需要的地方加上適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘?、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)、因果等關(guān)系詞或其他過渡性語句;加上合適的拓展內(nèi)容,使行文流暢,拓展的內(nèi)容要緊扣主題??梢园盐恼路譃槿位蛩亩?,不能一逗到底。展開的方式包括順序法、舉例法、比較法、說明法、因果法、歸納法等,可根據(jù)需要選取一種或幾種方式。
5.修改潤色。要避免重復(fù),用詞要有變化,句子也要富有變化。可運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、倒裝、省略、名言諺語等。
6.全面檢查。檢查要點(diǎn)是否齊全;是否用到提供的參考詞匯;行文是否流暢;人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、句型、拼寫、詞性是否正確;書寫和標(biāo)點(diǎn)是否規(guī)范等。
三、書面表達(dá)常用表達(dá)方式
1.常用句型
①There is( was) /( are )sb. doing sth.
②I saw (noticed, heard etc)sb. doing (do/done) sth.
③I was about to leave when a guest dropped in on me.
④(On / When)Seeing an old man in need of help, I rushed to support him.
⑤Having showed my friends around our school, I took them to the park.
⑥What impressed me most was that …
2.常用過渡詞
①first / second / third / at last
②first / next / then / at last / finally
③but / however / while / and / so / becauseendprint
④as long as / on condition that / in spite of / even if / even though
⑤whats more / beside / Thats to say / in a word in short
⑥As you know, … / In my opinion …
3. 表示感嘆
①What an interesting lesson / party / film / activity / thing we have had / saw / did today!
②What a brave boy he is! What a busy day it is!
③How important to learn the knowledge we need!
④How important it is to protect our environment / earth!
4. 表示比例
one half of the students / half of the students / one third of the students / 30 percent of the people / a great number of / the majority of the people
四、書面表達(dá)高分策略
(一)運(yùn)用高級(jí)詞匯
例1:這件事情挺難的。
This is a challenging job.
例2:我們就會(huì)了解父母的辛苦工作。
Well then know about parents hardship.
(二)增加形容詞或副詞
1. 運(yùn)用形容詞做狀語,表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。
例:他躺在床上,死了。
He is lying in bed, dead.
[JP3]
2.置于句首的副詞。
可放句首的副詞有:unbelievably,especially,frequently, strangely, unexpectedly, surprisingly, besides, probably等。[JP]
例:這極有可能使孩子養(yǎng)成依賴父母的習(xí)慣。
Probably this will make the children develop the habit of living on parents.
(三) 靈活運(yùn)用各種句型
1. 插入語
例1:然而, 其他同學(xué)持有不同意見。
The other students,however, hold a different view.
例2:另外,他們以為將來可以依賴父母。
Besides, theyll think they can rely on their parents in the future.
2.It句型
例1:我們期望今年有個(gè)好收成。
It is expected that there will be a good harvest.
例2:30%的學(xué)生認(rèn)為沒有必要讓孩子知道父母的收入。
30% of the students think it unnecessary to let children know how much their parents earn.
3.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
例1:作業(yè)做完了,那個(gè)男孩出去玩了。
With the homework finished, the boy went out to play.
例2:有了父母可依賴,他們就不再努力學(xué)習(xí)了。
Theyll not study hard any more,with rich parents to depend on.
4.分詞短語
例1:30%的同學(xué)不贊同這一看法,認(rèn)為孩子不應(yīng)當(dāng)……
30% of my classmates disagree with it,saying children shouldnt…
例2:知道了這點(diǎn),他們會(huì)越來越努力學(xué)習(xí)。
Knowing this, theyll study harder and harder.
5.從句
例1:他所做的一切使我們很失望。(主語從句)
What he did disappointed us all.
例2:我們應(yīng)當(dāng)知道父母的收入,因?yàn)檫@有助于我們理解他們的艱辛。(狀語從句)
We should know parents income,because itll help us understand how hard they have to work.
6.倒裝句型
例1:我們只有努力學(xué)習(xí)才能為社會(huì)做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。
Only by working hard can we make our contributions to our society in the future.
例2:只有當(dāng)我們意識(shí)到互相幫助的重要性,我們才能致力于建設(shè)一個(gè)和諧社會(huì)。
Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we be devoted to building a harmonious society.endprint
7.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
例:當(dāng)他到家以后才知道發(fā)生了什么事情。
It was not until he got home that he knew what had happened.
五、高考??嫉膶懽黝}型和寫作方法及訓(xùn)練
(一)提綱文字類
1.寫作要求
提綱文字類作文是近年高考書面表達(dá)的熱點(diǎn)題型之一。它往往以短文提示、列要點(diǎn)或用表格的形式呈現(xiàn)給考生相關(guān)信息,通常有較多的文字說明,對(duì)考生需要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容有明確的要求和一定的限制。
2.應(yīng)試策略
(1)認(rèn)真審題和分析所給的提綱,認(rèn)清題目和提綱之間的關(guān)系,然后確定文章的主題,大致內(nèi)容及文體。
(2)每一個(gè)要點(diǎn)可以作為文章的一個(gè)段落層次。段落的展開應(yīng)圍繞提綱中心和內(nèi)容,不能偏離,也不能任意增減。
(3)提綱是對(duì)文章的提示和概括,不是主題句??忌鶕?jù)提綱的性質(zhì),寫出完整的和能體現(xiàn)提綱主旨的句子,使之成為主題句,然后圍繞主題句進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。
(4)收集材料支持主題句。材料可以是例證、親身經(jīng)歷、名人名言、諺語警句等。應(yīng)當(dāng)注意,所選材料要與文章相符。即要“扣題”,同時(shí)要有典型性,能充分說明問題。在有多個(gè)例證的段落中,還要注意各個(gè)例證的連貫性。
3.核心考點(diǎn)突破
考生可根據(jù)提綱,首先確定文章的中心思想,然后圍繞中心思想展開論述,表達(dá)主旨。提綱既體現(xiàn)了文章的層次,又規(guī)定了各段的大體內(nèi)容,為考生提供了寫作思路??忌烧J(rèn)真思索、計(jì)劃、整理成文??疾樾问揭詴拧?bào)道、通知、日記、議論文等為主,內(nèi)容緊貼學(xué)生的生活實(shí)際。
4.常用句式
(1)開篇句
①with the development of …
②I am of the point that …
③It is said that …
④Its a pleasure to do …
⑤At present, there is a widespread concern that …
(2)銜接句:
①The main reason why …is that …
②Another consideration in this case is that …
③Besides, we shouldnt neglect that …
(3)結(jié)束句
①Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclusion that …
②There is a long way to go to solve the problem, but we sincerely hope that …
③Only in this way can we …
④In short, we live in an age …
⑤I hope these measures would help …
5.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 (正反觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比)
富人做慈善事業(yè)越來越受到社會(huì)的關(guān)注。有的人認(rèn)為理所應(yīng)當(dāng),有的人認(rèn)為他們應(yīng)該受到稱頌。針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象,你校英語俱樂部組織了一次英語辯論賽,請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)寫一篇120詞左右的英語短文,陳述以下兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)并發(fā)表自己的意見。文章的開頭已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
富人做慈善事業(yè)是否理所應(yīng)當(dāng)
正方觀點(diǎn)
反方觀點(diǎn)
你的觀點(diǎn)
1.富人財(cái)富來自社會(huì)
2.富人回報(bào)社會(huì),做慈善事業(yè)理所應(yīng)當(dāng)
1.富人的財(cái)富是靠合法經(jīng)營
和辛苦勞動(dòng)得來的
2.富人做慈善應(yīng)該受到稱頌
[JZ]……
參考范文:
Nowadays, many rich people are enthusiastic about charities.There are different opinions about whether the rich should do charities.
Our English club organized an English debate about it. Students come up with their different opinions.
Some students agree with it, rich peoples fortune is from society. So, they are supposed to do something to reward our society. It is their duty to do charities.
However, some students are against it, rich peoples fortune results from their legal commercial trade and their efforts. If they are enthusiastic about charities, they deserve to be praised.
As far as Im concerned,rich peoples enthusiasm about charities is a helpful behavior to society and they devote themselves to charities, which have a great effect on the world. We should thank the rich, because their love makes the world better and better.endprint
(二)圖畫(漫畫)類
1.命題特點(diǎn)
圖畫(漫畫)類寫作是高考英語寫作的常見命題方式之一,是一種檢測(cè)學(xué)生觀察能力及語言運(yùn)用能力的考試形式。它要求考生根據(jù)一副或幾幅畫所提供的信息敘述一件事或闡述圖畫中反映的某種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。這種命題形式的特點(diǎn)在于它所提供的漢語提示很少或幾乎沒有,留給考生的發(fā)揮空間較大,具有形象、直觀、內(nèi)容具體化等特點(diǎn)。能充分考查考生的想象、觀察、推理判斷以及語言表達(dá)能力。
圖畫(漫畫)類寫作一般以中學(xué)生所熟悉的場(chǎng)景為寫作素材。其畫面生動(dòng)形象,具有趣味性,體現(xiàn)了高考寫作“生活化”的特點(diǎn)。
2.寫作步驟
圖畫(漫畫)類寫作可以分為三類:敘述類、說明類和議論類。其寫作步驟可以概括為:
認(rèn)真看圖,挖掘細(xì)節(jié);
把握主旨,理清順序;
列出要點(diǎn),選好詞句;
注重聯(lián)系,適當(dāng)發(fā)揮;
連句成篇,認(rèn)真檢查。
3.寫作方法指導(dǎo)
一般采取“三段式”寫法。
第一段:描繪圖畫(漫畫)所要表達(dá)的含義。
第二段:分析問題的實(shí)質(zhì)。
第三段:發(fā)表自己對(duì)問題的看法。
4.核心考點(diǎn)突破
[JP3]
首先要細(xì)讀圖畫,抓住圖畫(漫畫)要表達(dá)的主題,不能只是簡單地描述圖畫(漫畫)中的實(shí)物或人物的表情、手勢(shì)、發(fā)型等。例如,在一幅漫畫中老人的四個(gè)兒子把老人當(dāng)成球,四個(gè)孩子在球門前站成一排,當(dāng)守門員,意思是誰也不想讓老人進(jìn)自己的家門。這幅畫的主題是談老人的贍養(yǎng)問題,可許多考生認(rèn)為老人生了那么多孩子,是計(jì)劃生育執(zhí)行不力造成的問題。這就是沒抓住寫作主題。其次,不要把重點(diǎn)放在圖畫(漫畫)的幽默之處,寫出搞笑的文章。再者,理解文章要表達(dá)的寓意。例如,在一幅漫畫中老鼠媽媽告訴小老鼠說,“你不想活了嗎,那家黑心小吃店用的是地溝油和毒大米?!?寓意是譴責(zé)不法店主為了掙錢而不擇手段??捎械目忌J(rèn)為這家小店不衛(wèi)生,有老鼠來過,這就沒有把握好圖畫所要表達(dá)的寓意。[JP]
5.常用套句
(1)開頭用語
Look at the picture... / The picture shows that... / From this picture, we can see… / As is shown in the picture… / As is seen in the picture…
(2)銜接句
As we all know,… / As is known to all,… / It is well known that… / In my opinion,… / As far as I am concerned,… / This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.
(3)結(jié)尾句
In conclusion, … / In brief…/ On the whole,… / In short,… / In a word,… / Generally speaking, … / As has been stated, …
6.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練
在中國西部貧困地區(qū)有許多留守兒童,他們的父母外出打工掙錢養(yǎng)家。以下這幅圖片展現(xiàn)了這群留守兒童的一個(gè)生活場(chǎng)景,請(qǐng)根據(jù)你對(duì)這幅圖片的理解用英語寫一篇短文。短文應(yīng)包含以下內(nèi)容:
[TPj2.TIF;X*2,BP]
1.描述圖片內(nèi)容;
2.簡析造成“留守兒童”這一現(xiàn)象的原因;
3.談?wù)勀愕母惺芎驮竿?/p>
參考詞匯: 文具stationery(不可數(shù)名詞);留守兒童leftbehind children
要求:
1.詞數(shù):150左右。短文開頭已為你寫好,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù);
2.文中不得提及考生所在學(xué)校和本人姓名。
參考范文:
As we can see in the picture, several children are crouching to the ground in a circle. They are writing “Mum and Dad, I miss you.” These children may need stationery, schoolbags and TV sets and so on,but what they need most is love from their parents.
One of the reasons is that they live in a lessdeveloped western area with poor transportation and a lowlevel education. To improve their living conditions, their parents have to go to big cities to make more money, leaving them at home.
Personally, I really feel sorry for them and I believe that all the children should have the right to receive a good education and enjoy a happy life together with their parents. I suggest the government take immediate measures to provide children with opportunities to study in the city where their parents work. As individuals, we need to do something such as donating clothes or books, raising money and so on to help them.endprint
Im sure they will be able to live a happy and healthy life in the future if more people would like to offer help to them.
(三)圖表(圖畫)類
1.寫作要求
[JP3]
圖表(圖畫)類作文是高考書面表達(dá)常見的考查形式之一,不僅考查考生的文字表達(dá)能力,而且也考查考生審讀圖表(圖畫)的能力。此類試題往往要求考生先用英語對(duì)所提供的信息進(jìn)行客觀的描述,然后提出自己的觀點(diǎn)或發(fā)表評(píng)論。圖表(圖畫)類作文主要有以下幾種形式:數(shù)據(jù)表格、餅形圖、條形圖、曲線圖和看圖作文。其中看圖作文中的圖畫既可以是漫畫,也可以是其他圖片、照片等情景材料。從寫作體裁看,主要有說明文、議論文和應(yīng)用文,時(shí)態(tài)一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。[JP]
2.寫作步驟
基本上可以按照以下三個(gè)步驟,分三段書寫。
(1)研究圖表(圖畫),準(zhǔn)確描述
第一段:首先要將圖表(圖畫)中的情景進(jìn)行描述,要言簡意賅,不漏要點(diǎn)。
(2)陳述現(xiàn)象,指明原因
第二段:要說明原因,并揭示它所反映的主題,然后緊扣主題分析原因,一般列舉兩到三條即可,多使用第三人稱。
(3)聯(lián)系實(shí)際,表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)
第三段:結(jié)合自己的親身經(jīng)歷對(duì)解決類似問題提出自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法,多使用第一人稱。
3.核心考點(diǎn)突破
(1)認(rèn)真閱讀圖表(圖畫)提供的信息以及每一欄上面的小標(biāo)題,弄清設(shè)計(jì)者想通過圖表(圖畫)所反映的信息、問題或現(xiàn)象。對(duì)于曲線圖,要認(rèn)真觀察坐標(biāo)系所顯示的數(shù)據(jù)信息,并注意交會(huì)點(diǎn)在坐標(biāo)橫軸和縱軸上的數(shù)字及單位;對(duì)于流程圖,要按照流程順序進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)倪壿嬐评?;?duì)于柱狀圖和餅狀圖,要通過寬度相等的柱形的高度比較和各部分所占的比例來判斷事物的動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)展趨勢(shì),關(guān)注坐標(biāo)線的刻度、單位以及圖表旁邊的提示說明;對(duì)于平面圖,要仔細(xì)觀察,理解圖表的真正含義,按一定的邏輯順序,有層次地進(jìn)行表述。
(2)在掌握了全部信息的基礎(chǔ)上,把握?qǐng)D表圖畫中的暗含信息,著手分析這些信息或數(shù)據(jù),通過分析對(duì)比,找出不同點(diǎn)和相似點(diǎn)。
4.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練
愛默生說“人生最美麗的補(bǔ)償之一,就是人們真誠地幫助別人之后,同時(shí)也幫助了自己。” 請(qǐng)你參考下圖及右側(cè)調(diào)查結(jié)果,以 “Helping others is helping ourselves”為標(biāo)題,用英語寫一篇短文。
短文應(yīng)該包括以下內(nèi)容:
1.簡要描述圖畫及圖表的內(nèi)容;
2.闡述獻(xiàn)血的意義;
3.結(jié)合自身實(shí)際,談?wù)勀阍撟鳇c(diǎn)什么。
注意:
1.根據(jù)文字及圖片提示,可做適當(dāng)?shù)陌l(fā)揮;
2.短文詞數(shù)150左右,開頭已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù);
3.短文中不得提及有關(guān)考生的任何信息,如校名,人名等。
參考范文:
Helping others is helping ourselves
Emerson once said, “It is one of the most beautiful compensations of life that no man can sincerely try to help another without helping himself.”
As is shown in the left picture, more blood means more life. However, we are disappointed to see in the right pie chart that only 55 percent of the people are willing to donate their blood while 34% are not. Another 11% even say they are indifferent to it.
Recently many hospitals need blood desperately. If we donate our blood actively, we may not only help the person who need it but also realize our selfvalue. Meanwhile, when we need blood, others will reach out their hands. Besides, helping others is a traditional Chinese virtue, our small act of kindness makes a great difference to people in need and even transforms their lives.
[JP2]
Personally, Ill make great efforts to help people around me and Ill donate my pocket money to Project Hope to help students in poverty so that they can receive an equal chance of education. Plus, I am willing to donate my blood if possible.[JP]
(四)應(yīng)用文類
1.寫作要求
[JP+1]endprint
應(yīng)用類作文是高考英語書面表達(dá)最常見的一種考查形式。此類作文接近考生的生活實(shí)際,考生有話可說,能充分考查考生的真實(shí)寫作水平。常見的應(yīng)用文有書信、電子郵件、通知、日記、便條、啟示、演講稿等。尤其以書信、電子郵件所占比例最大。一般情況下作文的開頭及結(jié)尾部分已經(jīng)給出,只要求考生寫主題部分。在應(yīng)用文的寫作中應(yīng)注意以下兩個(gè)方面:[JP]
(1)作文內(nèi)容力求語言平實(shí)、簡潔、準(zhǔn)確,句子不宜過長,讓讀者(或聽眾)很容易明白文章表達(dá)的基本信息。
(2)不同的文體使用不同的人稱和時(shí)態(tài),在寫作中人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要把握好。
2.寫作步驟
下面就書信、日記、演講稿為例簡單介紹一下它們的寫作步驟:
(1)書信/電子郵件
此類作文一般開頭和結(jié)尾都已給出,正文可根據(jù)作文要求分段把內(nèi)容表達(dá)清楚即可。
(2)日記/周記
在寫作時(shí),一般先介紹活動(dòng)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的和內(nèi)容,最后談個(gè)人感受。
(3)演講稿
演講稿通常包括三部分:稱呼語、正文和結(jié)束語,寫作時(shí)按這三部分的順序表達(dá)即可。
3.核心考點(diǎn)突破
應(yīng)用文體重在實(shí)用,首先要注意格式的正確;其次,用語要簡潔,不可拖泥帶水。要注意你所針對(duì)的人群和說話的語氣。語言力求簡練準(zhǔn)確,讓聽眾或者讀者對(duì)內(nèi)容了解清楚。若是演講稿還要注意語言要有感染力。
4.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練
假如你叫李華,學(xué)校組織有外籍教師參加的山東省境內(nèi)郊游活動(dòng),你擔(dān)任臨時(shí)導(dǎo)游。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面提示,用英語寫一篇講話稿,在活動(dòng)開始前向外籍教師簡要介紹郊游活動(dòng)的安排。
4月16日
到達(dá)菏澤,參加“牡丹節(jié)”
4月18日
到達(dá)濟(jì)寧,參觀中國四大古典小說《水滸傳》描寫的水泊梁山
4月19日
到達(dá)曲阜,參觀孔府、孔廟、孔林,了解中國儒家文化
4月20日
到達(dá)泰安,登被稱為“五岳之首”的泰山
4月21日
到達(dá)濰坊,參加“濰坊國際風(fēng)箏節(jié)”
4月27日
到達(dá)煙臺(tái),品嘗中國四大菜系之一——魯菜
[KG*2]4月29日,全程結(jié)束
參考詞匯:
1.牡丹peony;水滸傳 Water Margin;
孔府、孔林、孔廟Confucian Mansion、Confucian Forest、Confucian Temple;
魯菜 Shandong Cuisine;
儒家思想 Confucianism
One possible version:
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen,
My name is Li Hua. I have the honor of being your guide. Id like to give you a brief introduction to our journey in April .
On April 16th, we will arrive at Heze. We can join in the “Peony Day” activity. On the 18th,April, we will reach Jining and visit Liangshan—a place described in [WTBX]Water Margin[WTBZ] which is one of the four famous classical novels of China. On the 19th,April, we will get to Qufu, where we can visit Confucian Mansion,Confucian Forest,Confucian Temple and experience the “confucianism” culture. Next day, we will arrive at Taian and climb Mount Tai. On April 21, well be in Weifang, where we can celebrate the “Weifang International Kite Festival”. On April 27, well get to Yantai ,where we can enjoy “Shandong Cuisine”—one of the Four Major Chinese Cuisines. The travel will be over on April 29.
Thats all for the arrangement. I wish you all a wonderful holiday. Thanks.
(五)開放、半開放類
1.寫作要求
開放、半開放類作文往往給考生呈現(xiàn)有限的提示,留給考生更多思考的空間和自由發(fā)揮的余地。考生應(yīng)仔細(xì)審題、確定文體,然后選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)木涫絹頊?zhǔn)確表達(dá)題目要求的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。這種題型旨在考查考生用英語思考的能力和在具體的語境中用英語表達(dá)的能力。
2.寫作步驟
[JP3]
(1)開放類作文表達(dá)時(shí)通常先描述顯性的部分,可按一定的順序描述,如時(shí)間的先后或空間的轉(zhuǎn)移,來組織材料。然后是隱性的部分,要緊扣主題或按照作文要求去表達(dá),即揭示寓意,突出主題。隱性部分和顯性部分一定有其必然的聯(lián)系。[JP]
(2)半開放類作文通常先描述材料的敘述部分,然后按材料要求對(duì)所給的要點(diǎn)自由發(fā)揮即可,但要符合生活實(shí)際,真實(shí)可信。endprint
3.核心考點(diǎn)突破
對(duì)于開放、半開放的作文,首先要仔細(xì)審題,看懂原文或原圖所要表達(dá)的意思,避免離題、跑題。其次,如同散文,要“形散而神不散”,一定要緊扣一個(gè)主題或中心寫,你所表達(dá)和拓展的東西都要圍繞這一中心。確立中心之后,應(yīng)當(dāng)把完整的推理過程敘述清楚,并通過恰當(dāng)?shù)募?xì)節(jié)描述(如從學(xué)習(xí)、生活中舉例及解釋圖片等的深層含義)來闡述所要說明的中心思想。在此基礎(chǔ)上,要注重語言表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性和連貫性,有的放矢,重點(diǎn)突出。
4.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練
國務(wù)院關(guān)于深化考試招生制度改革的實(shí)施意見中,針對(duì)目前高考中出現(xiàn)的弊端提出了:
(1)保持統(tǒng)一高考的語文、數(shù)學(xué)、外語科目不變、分值不變,不分文理科;
(2)外語科目提供兩次考試機(jī)會(huì)。
家長對(duì)此有支持和不支持兩種看法。對(duì)此請(qǐng)你發(fā)表自己的看法(至少兩點(diǎn))。
要求:
(1)可根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),使行文連貫;
(2)詞數(shù):120 左右。短文開頭已為你寫好,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
參考詞匯:
1. 國務(wù)院 the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China
2. 文理不分科 cancel the division of students into different tracks in high school
參考范文:
In the future,the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China will cancel the division of students into different tracks in high school. Students in Senior Three can participate in the English examination twice a year.
Many parents go firmly for it.They think canceling the division of students into different tracks in high school is good for students all-round development. Holding the English examination twice a year can give students more options.
However, many parents oppose this opinion, saying that holding the English test twice a year means putting more pressure and burdens on students and its bad for students development.
Personally, I firmly stand for the decision. I think the State Council of the Peoples Republic of Chinas decision is wise. It is good for the stability and unity of our policies of the College Entrance Examination. And we students can have more options and more flexibility in preparing for the College Entrance Examination.
總之,要想在書面表達(dá)上得高分需要積累一定量的詞匯、短語和句式,勤背記一些優(yōu)秀的范文,平時(shí)也要多動(dòng)腦和多思考。endprint