国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

右美托咪定對(duì)老年骨折手術(shù)七氟烷麻醉30例蘇醒期的影響

2015-05-30 01:46吳華苗張永年徐小想
關(guān)鍵詞:七氟烷右美托咪定

吳華苗 張永年 徐小想

【摘要】目的:觀察老年骨折手術(shù)患者應(yīng)用右美托咪定治療七氟烷麻醉出現(xiàn)蘇醒期躁動(dòng)的臨床效果。方法:將60例需行骨折手術(shù)的老年患者隨機(jī)分為觀察組和對(duì)照組,每組各30例。觀察組手術(shù)結(jié)束前5min靜脈泵注右美托咪定進(jìn)行干預(yù),對(duì)照組選用等量生理鹽水作為對(duì)照,觀察兩組患者干預(yù)效果。結(jié)果:①觀察組患者平均動(dòng)脈壓(MAP)在T1期明顯低于T0期,HR在T2、T3期明顯低于T0期,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);對(duì)照組MAP在T2、T3、T4期明顯高于T0期,心率(HR)在T2、T3、T4期明顯高于T0,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組MAP在T1、T2、T3、T4期明顯低于對(duì)照組,HR在T2、T3、T4期明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);②兩組患者自主呼吸時(shí)間、呼之睜眼時(shí)間、拔管時(shí)間、定向力恢復(fù)時(shí)間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);③觀察組Riker 鎮(zhèn)靜-躁動(dòng)評(píng)分(RSAS)、Ramsay 鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分(RSS)、疼痛視覺模擬評(píng)分(VAS)與對(duì)照組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);④觀察組蘇醒后躁動(dòng)發(fā)生率為3.3%,對(duì)照組蘇醒后躁動(dòng)發(fā)生率為20%,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。結(jié)論:右美托咪定對(duì)七氟烷麻醉老年骨折患者蘇醒期躁動(dòng)干預(yù)效果明顯,且不會(huì)延長(zhǎng)患者蘇醒時(shí)間。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 右美托咪定;七氟烷;蘇醒期躁動(dòng);老年骨折

【中圖分類號(hào)】R614.2 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼】 A 【文章編號(hào)】1007-8517(2015)19-0045-03

Abstract:Objective To investigate the application value of dexmedetomidine in elderly fracture patients with operation treatment of sevoflurane anesthesia.Methods 60 cases of fracture of elderly patients undergoing operation were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group while 30 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with dexmedetomidine intravenous infusion intervention 5 minutes before the end of operation, the control group used normal saline as control, intervention effects of two groups were observed. Results The MAP in stage T1 stage T0, T2, HR in T3 phase of the patients in the observation group were significantly lower than that of T0 stage, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); MAP in the control group T2, T3, T4 were higher than that in stage T0, HR in the T2, T3, T4 were higher than that of T0, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); The observation group MAP in T1, T2, T3, T4 was significantly lower than the control group, HR in the T2, T3, T4 was significantly lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); There were no significant difference between two groups in spontaneous breathing time, called the open time, extubation time and recovery time (P>0.05); There were statistically difference between two groups among RSAS, RSS, VAS score(P<0.05); in the observation group, the incidence rate was 3.3% after the emergence agitation, the control group after recovery restlessness incidence was 20%,the difference has statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine on sevoflurane anesthesia in elderly patients with seven fractures of restlessness intervention effect and can extended patient recovery time.

Keywords:Dexmedetomidine; Sevoflurane; Restlessness; Elderly Fracture

骨折手術(shù)需要進(jìn)行全身麻醉,而術(shù)后蘇醒的患者往往出現(xiàn)躁動(dòng)。老年患者由于體質(zhì)差,多數(shù)患者合并各種呼吸系統(tǒng)、心血管系統(tǒng)疾病,更容易出現(xiàn)蘇醒期躁動(dòng),而躁動(dòng)的發(fā)生會(huì)導(dǎo)致患者循環(huán)系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)劇烈波動(dòng),還會(huì)引起氣管痙攣、反流和誤吸,對(duì)具有基礎(chǔ)病的老年患者危害較大[1]。引起患者出現(xiàn)術(shù)后蘇醒期麻醉躁動(dòng)的誘因眾多,其中七氟烷吸入麻醉是引起患者出現(xiàn)蘇醒期躁動(dòng)的主要誘因[2]。筆者應(yīng)用右美托咪定觀察對(duì)七氟烷麻醉老年骨折患者蘇醒期躁動(dòng)的預(yù)防和治療效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料 選擇本院2013年3月至2014年12月在我院骨科行骨折手術(shù)老年患者 60例,男性37 例,女性 23 例,年齡 60~78 歲,平均年齡(68.3±5.2)歲,體重 50~80kg,平均體重(67.2±6.3)kg。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①患者為美國(guó)麻醉醫(yī)師協(xié)會(huì)(ASA)分級(jí)Ⅰ-Ⅲ級(jí)。無(wú)糖尿病、高血壓、無(wú)嚴(yán)重心肺腦疾患。②排除以下患者:術(shù)前服用任何可能影響心血管和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的藥物;嚴(yán)重體弱術(shù)后需要呼吸支持者;服用過(guò)鎮(zhèn)痛以及鎮(zhèn)靜劑者;大量飲酒史患者;伴肝、腎功能不全患者。將所有患者分為兩組,每組各30例。觀察組中男18例,女12例,平均年齡(68.4±5.7)歲,平均體重(67.1±6.3)kg;對(duì)照組中男19例,女11例,平均年齡(68.2±5.4)歲,平均體重(67.9±6.7)kg。兩組患者性別、年齡、體重等基本資料差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。

1.2 研究方法 患者行手術(shù)前開放前臂靜脈通路,行監(jiān)護(hù),嚴(yán)密監(jiān)測(cè)患者血壓、心率以及血氧飽和度變化以及七氟烷吸入濃度、呼出濃度,并用腦電雙頻指數(shù)專用電極連接腦電監(jiān)護(hù)儀以檢測(cè)患者腦電頻率。機(jī)械通氣建立后,控制氧流量為2L/min,呼吸頻率8~12次/min,潮氣量為8~10ml/kg,保持PETCO2為35~40mmHg。誘導(dǎo)劑選用濃度為8%的七氟烷進(jìn)行誘導(dǎo),并給予鹽酸戊乙奎醚進(jìn)行靜脈滴注。觀察組患者手術(shù)結(jié)束前5min由靜脈泵入劑量為1ug/kg的右美托咪定(江蘇恩華藥業(yè)股份有限公司,生產(chǎn)批號(hào)090121,規(guī)格2ml∶200μg),對(duì)照組患者同一時(shí)間注入等量生理鹽水,均緩慢泵10min。手術(shù)結(jié)束時(shí)停止七氟烷吸入,調(diào)整氧氣流量為6L/min,術(shù)后禁用肌松拮抗劑,待患者具有自主呼吸,呼之睜眼,握拳有力,監(jiān)視顯示呼吸頻率不超過(guò)30次/min,PETCO2不超過(guò)50mmHg,潮氣量為6ml/kg可拔除氣管導(dǎo)管。

1.3 觀察指標(biāo) ①記錄患者誘導(dǎo)前(T0),術(shù)畢(T1),拔管前(T2),拔管時(shí)(T3),拔管后(T4)、麻醉后蘇醒時(shí)刻窗(PACU,T5)心電監(jiān)護(hù)結(jié)果,內(nèi)容包括平均動(dòng)脈壓(MAP)、心率(HR)和血氧飽和度(SpO2)。②蘇醒指標(biāo),在術(shù)畢停止吸入七氟烷后,每隔 2min 給予患者喚醒刺激,直至患者睜眼,記錄患者從吸入停止到自主呼吸恢復(fù)時(shí)間,呼之睜眼時(shí)間,撥管時(shí)間和定向力恢復(fù)時(shí)間(能夠正確回答年齡、姓名及生日等)。③記錄患者氣管導(dǎo)管拔除時(shí)及進(jìn)入 PACU 后的 Riker 鎮(zhèn)靜-躁動(dòng)評(píng)分(RSAS),超過(guò)5分為蘇醒期躁動(dòng),小于5分則無(wú)躁動(dòng)[3]。④氣管導(dǎo)管拔除后以及進(jìn)入 PACU后的 Ramsay 鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分,分 6 級(jí)[4]。⑤拔管后各時(shí)點(diǎn)疼痛視覺模擬評(píng)分(VAS),分 10 級(jí)[5]。⑥不良反應(yīng):術(shù)后惡心嘔吐、心動(dòng)過(guò)緩、低血壓、呼吸抑制、口干及寒戰(zhàn)等。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 選用SPSS 19.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料比較采用卡方檢驗(yàn),P<0.05時(shí)差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組患者血流動(dòng)力學(xué)指標(biāo)對(duì)比 觀察組患者M(jìn)AP在T1期明顯低于T0期,HR在T2、T3期明顯低于T0期,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);對(duì)照組MAP在T2、T3、T4期明顯高于T0期,HR在T2、T3、T4期明顯高于T0,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組MAP在T1、T2、T3、T4期明顯低于對(duì)照組,HR在T2、T3、T4期明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。

2.2 兩組患者指標(biāo)恢復(fù)時(shí)間對(duì)比 兩組患者自主呼吸時(shí)間、呼之睜眼時(shí)間、拔管時(shí)間、定向力恢復(fù)時(shí)間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表2。

2.3 兩組患者各時(shí)間點(diǎn)評(píng)分對(duì)比 觀察組RSAS、RSS、VAS評(píng)分與對(duì)照組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表3。

2.4 兩組患者躁動(dòng)發(fā)生率對(duì)比 觀察組蘇醒后躁動(dòng)發(fā)生率為3.3%(1/30),對(duì)照組蘇醒后躁動(dòng)發(fā)生率為20%(6/30),兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。

3 討論

有研究表明,七氟烷能夠引起老年骨折患者手術(shù)后蘇醒期出現(xiàn)躁動(dòng),其發(fā)生率可達(dá)80%[6]。目前研究對(duì)躁動(dòng)發(fā)生的機(jī)制還未有明確定論,可能是由于七氟烷血/氣分配系數(shù)低,導(dǎo)致患者蘇醒快,但是中樞不同區(qū)域恢復(fù)卻處于不同,表現(xiàn)為大腦皮質(zhì)下中樞功能恢復(fù)而皮質(zhì)局部尚處于抑制時(shí)期,這樣便會(huì)出現(xiàn)局灶敏化[7]。中樞系統(tǒng)的這種功能恢復(fù)的不統(tǒng)一性會(huì)對(duì)患者的感覺反應(yīng)和處理能力有巨大影響。當(dāng)此時(shí)強(qiáng)加一個(gè)外部不良刺激后,中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)會(huì)表現(xiàn)出局部的過(guò)度興奮而誘發(fā)術(shù)后蘇醒期躁動(dòng)。目前臨床上對(duì)蘇醒期躁動(dòng)預(yù)防的方法包括應(yīng)用各類鎮(zhèn)痛藥或者麻醉狀態(tài)下拔管等。

右美托咪定是一種較為新型的α2受體激動(dòng)劑,其具有高選擇性,能夠作用于神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的α2受體,氣道鎮(zhèn)痛、鎮(zhèn)靜、抗交感和抗焦慮的作用。其對(duì)α2受體的高選擇性是目前臨床上常用的鎮(zhèn)靜劑中最強(qiáng),效價(jià)比可樂(lè)定高大約8倍,故能夠有效減少激動(dòng)α1受體后出現(xiàn)的各種機(jī)體副反應(yīng)[8]。本研究通過(guò)應(yīng)用右美托咪定發(fā)現(xiàn),觀察組患者M(jìn)AP在T1期明顯低于T0期,HR在T2、T3期明顯低于T0期,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;而未應(yīng)用鎮(zhèn)靜劑的對(duì)照組MAP在T2、T3、T4期明顯高于T0期,HR在T2、T3、T4期明顯高于T0,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;觀察組MAP在T1、T2、T3、T4期明顯低于對(duì)照組,HR在T2、T3、T4期明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。說(shuō)明應(yīng)用右美托咪定的患者血壓和心率相對(duì)平穩(wěn),出現(xiàn)波動(dòng)的時(shí)間也短,從而肯定了右美托咪定對(duì)患者生命體征的穩(wěn)定作用,機(jī)制歸因于其抑制去甲腎上腺素的釋放。

在對(duì)右美托咪定抗噪動(dòng)效果的研究上,本研究選用Riker 鎮(zhèn)靜-躁動(dòng)評(píng)分、 Ramsay 鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分和疼痛視覺模擬評(píng)分三個(gè)能夠有效反應(yīng)患者躁動(dòng)情況的評(píng)分系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行評(píng)估。研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),應(yīng)用右美托咪定患者各時(shí)段三個(gè)評(píng)分都明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,并且患者術(shù)后蘇醒期出現(xiàn)躁動(dòng)幾率也明顯小于對(duì)照組,說(shuō)明右美托咪定抗躁動(dòng)效果明顯。機(jī)制包括①其對(duì)腦部神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)α2受體的興奮和對(duì)去甲腎上腺素的抑制作用有效的消除了患者術(shù)中、術(shù)后拔管時(shí)候刺激的應(yīng)激狀態(tài)[9];②能夠特異性作用于腦干藍(lán)斑的α2AR亞型,產(chǎn)生抗焦慮、催眠、鎮(zhèn)靜的作用,這是其不同于其他鎮(zhèn)靜劑的獨(dú)特效果[10]。

另外,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用右美托咪定患者自主呼吸時(shí)間、呼之睜眼時(shí)間、拔管時(shí)間、定向力恢復(fù)時(shí)間與對(duì)照組無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,說(shuō)明其不會(huì)干預(yù)患者麻醉時(shí)間,故患者恢復(fù)時(shí)間與應(yīng)用藥物干預(yù)無(wú)關(guān),而與停用麻醉劑時(shí)間以及拔管時(shí)間有關(guān)。

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1]Huerswal K, Dehrends K, Burkhardt U, et al. Propofol for pediatric patient in ear, nose and throat surgery, Practicability, quality and cost-effectiveness of different anaesthesia procedures for adenoidectomy: a comparison of propofol vs sevoflurane anesthesia[J].Pediatric Anesthesia, 2010, 20(10): 44-50.

[2]Mizuno J, Nakata Y,Morita S,et al. Predisposing factors and prevention of emergence agitation[J]. Masui,2011,60(4):425-435.

[3]Matsuki Y,Mizogam M,Tabata M,et al.Suspected respiratory depression associated with use of transdermal fentanyl patch[J].Pain Physician,2012,15(4):e536-e537.

[4]趙艷玲,王光磊.右美托咪定對(duì)小兒七氟烷吸入麻醉蘇醒期躁動(dòng)的影響[J]華西醫(yī)學(xué)2012,27(9):64-66.

[5]Blaudszun G,Lysakowski C,Elia N,et al.Effect of perioperative systemic a2 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity:systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].Anesthesiology,2012,116(6):1312-1322.

[6]劉鵬.右旋美托咪啶預(yù)防老年胸科手術(shù)患者拔管不良反應(yīng)的療效[J].中國(guó)老年學(xué)雜志,2010,30 (23):3498-3499.

[7]Sheridan M,Hoy and Gillian M.Dexmedetomidine,A review of its for sedation in mechanically ventilated patients in an intensive case setting and for proceduralsedation[J]. Drugs, 2011,71(11):1481-1501.

[8]Pichot C,Ghignone M,and Quintin L.Dexmedetomidine and clonidine: from second to first line sedation agents in the critical care setting[J].Intensive Care Med, 2012,27(40): 219-237.

[9]Anuradha P,Melissa D,Minh CJT,et al.Dexmedetomidine infusion for analgesia and prevention of emergence agitation in children with obstractive sleep apnea syndrome undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy[J].Anesthesia Analgesia,2010,11 (4):1004-1010.

[10]Marek A Mirski,John J Lewin Ⅲ,Shannon Le Dronk,et al.Cognitive improvement during continous sedation in critically ill, awake and responsive patients:the Acutr Neurological ICU Sedation Trial[J].(ANIST) Intensive Care Med, 2010,36(7):1505-1531.

(收稿日期:2015.06.30)

猜你喜歡
七氟烷右美托咪定
七氟烷在臨床麻醉中對(duì)心臟保護(hù)的應(yīng)用及機(jī)制
七氟烷麻醉在婦科腹腔鏡手術(shù)中的臨床研究
七氟烷用于腦動(dòng)脈瘤鉗閉術(shù)麻醉的臨床效果評(píng)價(jià)
右美托咪定對(duì)全麻經(jīng)皮腎鏡取石術(shù)患者血流動(dòng)力學(xué)及應(yīng)激反應(yīng)的影響
羥考酮復(fù)合右美托咪定在頸叢神經(jīng)阻滯下甲狀腺手術(shù)麻醉中的應(yīng)用
小兒先天性唇腭裂修補(bǔ)術(shù)的麻醉臨床分析
右美托咪定用于婦科腹腔鏡手術(shù)的臨床研究
腰硬聯(lián)合麻醉中右美托咪定的應(yīng)用及意義評(píng)析
觀察右美托咪定腰硬麻醉在子宮肌瘤切除術(shù)中的臨床鎮(zhèn)靜效果
比較七氟烷和丙泊酚聯(lián)合瑞芬太尼用于短小腹腔鏡手術(shù)的麻醉效果及對(duì)麻醉蘇醒期的影響