蘇苗葉
【摘要】寫作是初中英語教學(xué)的重要組成部分,本文結(jié)合課堂教學(xué)的實(shí)際情況,把靈活多變的Module task這一種實(shí)用且豐富的課程資源設(shè)計(jì)成寫作活動,以各種教學(xué)形式幫助學(xué)生完成寫作任務(wù)。教學(xué)中,教師要給與它更多的關(guān)注,領(lǐng)會教材編寫者的編寫意圖,真實(shí)任務(wù)體現(xiàn)了“用英語做事情”這一基本教學(xué)目標(biāo)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】Module task 模塊任務(wù) 語言聚焦
英語寫作要求學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用基本詞匯、基礎(chǔ)語法,要求學(xué)生根據(jù)情境,寫出語言通順流暢,符合情景的文章。寫作是英語教學(xué)聽說讀寫四項(xiàng)語言技能中難度最大的一項(xiàng)技能。難就難在學(xué)生感覺肚里沒貨,因此,對于很多學(xué)生來說這是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)。
其實(shí)學(xué)生寫作能力是循序漸進(jìn)提高的,外研社《英語》這套教材里就有很好的課程資源可以用來促進(jìn)學(xué)生寫作。每個(gè)模塊最后都安排一個(gè)模塊任務(wù),該任務(wù)圍繞模塊主題,要求學(xué)生運(yùn)用該模塊所學(xué)詞匯,句型,語法等來完成,且大多數(shù)是以寫作形式完成,形成很好的寫作載體,為寫作提供良好素材。
實(shí)踐證明,這樣的寫作有內(nèi)容,難度降低了,學(xué)生容易接受,并漸漸喜歡上了,學(xué)生變被動寫作為主動寫作,有效提高學(xué)生的寫作能力。
一、 由淺入深,循序漸進(jìn)
學(xué)生剛上初中,學(xué)生掌握的語言知識有限,教師有必要幫助學(xué)生搭建框架,使學(xué)生完成詞到短語到句子的過渡。
外研社《英語》七上在Module 6 A trip to the zoo中,Module task:Making a poster of your favourite animal.教材step 5:work in groups to talk about your favourite animal.
并提供表格內(nèi)容,考慮到學(xué)生會照科宣讀,筆者進(jìn)行了調(diào)整,不展現(xiàn)上面的表格,而是開展從單詞到短語到句子逐級呈現(xiàn)的學(xué)習(xí)思維過程。首先以mind-map 形式引出單詞,并且以小組競賽形式呈現(xiàn)。筆者拋出問題:
what animals can you say?
Where do they come from?
What do they eat?
句子是語言表達(dá)的最小單位,每呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)單詞要求學(xué)生說出句子,成為寫作直接可以利用的語言材料,也鍛煉了口語,如:The tiger is strong,the zebra comes from Africa,the monkey eats meat,leaves,fruit and even eggs.在mind-map 的引導(dǎo)下,學(xué)生進(jìn)行大量的句子輸出。這是語言聚焦環(huán)節(jié),要求把一個(gè)模塊里學(xué)生學(xué)到的重要語言知識梳理一下,對包括句型和語法在內(nèi)的知識點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié),加深學(xué)生的印象。
筆者把step 5,step 6,和 step 7合成以下任務(wù):choose one animal to write about /draw it /make a poster /present your poster to the class.每個(gè)學(xué)生的喜愛的動物不一樣,作文也有所不同,筆者提供動物簡筆畫,學(xué)生選擇一幅配到自己的海報(bào)中,筆者把所有海報(bào)張貼在教室墻上供學(xué)生欣賞評判。這樣的教學(xué)使學(xué)生有東西可寫,而且還能把文章寫好,維果茨基認(rèn)為,教學(xué)最基本的功能是實(shí)現(xiàn)學(xué)生在最近發(fā)展區(qū)取得最大的效益。
二、以讀引寫
教師在課堂中向?qū)W生輸入語言材料,以課堂閱讀所學(xué)為基礎(chǔ),提高寫作能力。因?yàn)殚喿x文本本身提供了大量信息,文本中詞匯,短語,句型是寫作的語言素材,且散落在模塊文本的各個(gè)部分中,教師就要幫助學(xué)生拾掇出來,更好地加以利用。教材里的新詞匯和句型需要教師通過一些有效的方法使學(xué)生逐步掌握,反復(fù)鞏固,為最終的寫作輸出奠定基礎(chǔ)。如外研社《英語》七上Module 9 people and places,時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。Module task:Making a radio report.教材Step 5 有四個(gè)任務(wù)可供選擇,筆者選擇list the activities you would like o report.
1.理解教材,呈現(xiàn)框架。模塊以任務(wù)為終結(jié)形式,學(xué)習(xí)過程是任務(wù)的準(zhǔn)備。教學(xué)時(shí)借助unit 1 were enjoying the school trip a lot 里學(xué)校旅游活動的對話變成一篇報(bào)道作為框架。學(xué)生看圖說話,并以填空形式完成 A report on a trip.
Its a sunny Saturday.At this moment,Betty and her friends are on a school trip to the Great Wall.Betty is standing on the Great Wall of China and talking to her mother.Tony is eating a delicious ice cream.Wang Hui is taking lots of photos and Lingling is buying presents and postcards.And Daming is having lunch and lying in the sun.They are enjoying the school trip a lot.How happy they are!
筆者指出一篇報(bào)道的5要素:time(Saturday),weather(sunny),place(the Great Wall),peoples activities and peoples feeling(they are enjoying the school trip,how happy they are!).
2.強(qiáng)化操練。教師有必要有意識地讓學(xué)生就新句型展開鍛練,鍛煉學(xué)生迅速組織語言和快速表達(dá)的能力,為寫作做鋪墊。學(xué)生看圖操練句型:
Ricks family is on the trip to the beach.
They are enjoying the school trip a lot= They are having a good time.
The boy is swimming in the sea.He is having a good time.
對課文重點(diǎn)句型,英語習(xí)慣用語和精彩句子的熟悉程度影響著學(xué)生寫作輸出的成效。
搭建好框架,提供給素材,學(xué)生感覺有話可說了。學(xué)生很快完成看圖作文,基本上能寫出50字上下的報(bào)道,如下圖:
當(dāng)然寫作前要有鋪墊,筆者要求學(xué)生就圖問答,如
whats the weather like?
What day is it?
What are they doing? and so on.
學(xué)生一般這樣寫:Its a sunny Sunday.Rick and his family are on the trip to the beach.Look! Rick is swimming in the sea,his uncle John is watching him swimming,his father is lying in the sun,his mother and sister Nancy are playing football.
They are having a good time.How happy they are!
3.添磚加瓦。但這還不夠,文章顯得單薄,筆者在教學(xué)中把Module 8整合進(jìn)來,Module 8學(xué)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),引入相關(guān)句型,從而有效激活學(xué)生的相關(guān)知識,筆者引導(dǎo)學(xué)生利用1+n原則讓文章豐滿起來。如:
(1) Look! Rick is swimming in the sea.He is good at swimming.He often goes swimming with his father.
(2) His uncle John is watching him swimming.
T:Which man is his uncle? Whats he wearing?
S:His uncle is wearing a cap and a pair of sunglasses.
T:Why isnt he swimming? Because hes quiet and he doesnt like getting any exercise.
(3) His father is lying in the sun.
He also likes swimming,but now hes not swimming.Its happy to look at his son.
(4) His mother and sister Nancy are playing football.
T:What are his mother and sister doing?
S:They are playing football.
T:They often watch football on TV at weekends.
學(xué)生完成填空或回答筆者問題的基礎(chǔ)上,添了磚加了瓦,字?jǐn)?shù)到了110字上下,例文:
Its a sunny Sunday afternoon.Rick and his family are on the trip to the beach.
Look! Rick is swimming in the sea.Hes good at swimming.He often goes swimming with his father.The man with a cap and a pair of sunglasses is his uncle John.Hes watching him swimming.Hes quiet and he doesnt like getting some exercise.His father is lying in the sun.He also likes swimming.But now hes not swimming .Its happy for him to look at his son.What are his mother and sister Nancy doing now? Theyre playing football.They often watch football on Television at weekends.
Theyre having a good time.How happy they are!
以讀引寫,強(qiáng)調(diào)語言的學(xué)習(xí)過程,重視語言學(xué)習(xí)的實(shí)踐性和應(yīng)用性。對教師來說,支架的搭建就是要給學(xué)生提供必要的語言知識鋪墊、充分的語言輸入。
三、結(jié)語
Module task的活動設(shè)計(jì)靈活多變,是一種實(shí)用且豐富的課程資源。如是能處理的好,則是對模塊主題的深刻領(lǐng)會和課程資源的深度開發(fā),對學(xué)生讀寫能力的積極培養(yǎng)。有些教師淡化、甚至忽視模塊任務(wù)教學(xué),錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為這是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或認(rèn)為操作難度太大,不切實(shí)際。事實(shí)上,只要教師合理安排時(shí)間,巧設(shè)活動,完成任務(wù),往往能夠達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。教學(xué)中,教師要給與它更多的關(guān)注,領(lǐng)會教材編寫者的編寫意圖,真實(shí)任務(wù)體現(xiàn)了“用英語做事情”這一基本教學(xué)目標(biāo)。
參考文獻(xiàn):
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