提到環(huán)保,相信很多人會(huì)立刻想到霧霾(smog),想到柴靜的《穹頂之下》(Under the Dome)。這部紀(jì)錄片引發(fā)了中國(guó)政府和社會(huì)各界對(duì)環(huán)境的廣泛關(guān)注和熱烈討論,美國(guó)之音(VOA)也就此做了一則報(bào)道,標(biāo)題為“Film Gets Chinese Government Talking About Smog”。報(bào)道里使用了許多地道的表達(dá),下面我們就來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下其中精彩的部分,順便通過(guò)這則報(bào)道了解一些有關(guān)環(huán)保的知識(shí)。
1. documentary:在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中,少不了要看英文電影。電影的種類多種多樣,除了這里提到的紀(jì)錄片(documentary),還有動(dòng)作片(action movie),比如《碟中諜》(Mission Impossible),以及動(dòng)畫(huà)片(animated movie),比如《超能陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)》(Big Hero 6),還有愛(ài)情片(romance movie),比如著名的《泰坦尼克號(hào)》(Titanic)。除此之外,還有喜劇片(comedy)、悲劇片(tragedy)、科幻片(science fiction film)、恐怖片(horror film)和驚悚片(thriller)等。
2. go viral online:online表示“在線的,網(wǎng)上的”,go online表示“上網(wǎng),在線上”,viral表示“病毒的,病毒引起的”,比如病毒感染就叫viral infection。這里用go viral online表示這部紀(jì)錄片“像病毒一樣蔓延”,形容傳播之快,是個(gè)非常生動(dòng)的表達(dá)。
3. air pollution:如今全球面臨各種各樣的環(huán)境問(wèn)題,比如報(bào)道里提到的霧霾,再比如全球變暖(global warming)及其引發(fā)的海平面上升(sea level rise)等問(wèn)題,還有植被大量減少導(dǎo)致的沙漠化(desertification)以及水污染(water pollution)、光污染(light pollution)等。
4. present:大家比較熟悉的是present作名詞表“禮物”的含義,比如:Your friends send you a present. (你的朋友們給你送了一個(gè)禮物。)除此之外,present還可作動(dòng)詞,表示“提出,呈現(xiàn),介紹”,比如present a problem/speech (提出問(wèn)題/做演講)。Present還可作形容詞,表示“目前的,現(xiàn)在的”,比如present problem (當(dāng)前的問(wèn)題),也可以作名詞,表示“目前,現(xiàn)在”,比如at present (目前,現(xiàn)在)。再比如《功夫熊貓》(Kung Fu Panda)里的一句臺(tái)詞:Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery, but today is a gift. That is why it is called the "present". 這里present一語(yǔ)雙關(guān),既可以指“現(xiàn)在”,也可以指“禮物”。
About 200 million people had already seen Under the Dome, however. China's newly appointed environment minister had even praised the film. And, the general message of Under the Dome appears to fit well with efforts officials are making to deal with the problem.
1. newly appointed:appoint作動(dòng)詞表示“任命,委派;約定”,比如appoint you (as) our manager (任命你為我們的經(jīng)理)、appoint a new teacher to the school (委派一個(gè)新老師去那個(gè)學(xué)校)、appoint a date for the meeting (約定開(kāi)會(huì)日期)。這里是過(guò)去分詞形式,作形容詞來(lái)用,表示“任命的”,前面的副詞newly表示“最近,新近”,搭配在一起就指我們常說(shuō)的“新任命的”。
2. appear:這個(gè)詞我們比較熟悉,常用于appear to do中,表示“似乎,好像”,比如:The report appears to be encouraging. (這個(gè)報(bào)告似乎令人鼓舞。)
3. fit well with:fit也是我們比較熟悉的詞,常見(jiàn)的釋義是“適合”,比如:The dress doesn't fit me. 這里的fit with表示“與……相符,契合”,with前面的well修飾fit,加強(qiáng)契合的程度,比如:Their policies do not fit with the ideal of democratic government. (他們的政策不符合一個(gè)理想民主政府的所作所為。)另外,我們?cè)诳荚囍羞€常會(huì)見(jiàn)到短語(yǔ)fit in,表示“適應(yīng),適配”,比如:Your bed fits in the new room. (你的床與這個(gè)新房間很搭。)
At the end of the National People's Congress (全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)) meeting, a reporter asked Prime Minister Li Keqiang whether he thought the film was correct. Are big oil companies barriers to environmental law enforcement? Mr. Li said under this year's Environmental Protection Law officials are committed to taking legal action against those who add to the pollution problem. He said anyone involved in acts of illegal production and emissions (排放) will be brought to justice. He said the government must make businesses that illegally emit and dump pay a price too heavy to accept.
1. barrier:這個(gè)詞作名詞表示“阻礙”,常見(jiàn)的用法是sth. is a barrier to sth.,比如:His shyness is a barrier to communication. (他的害羞阻礙他交際。)
2. are committed to:commit為動(dòng)詞,表示“把……托付給,使承擔(dān)義務(wù)”,其形容詞為committed,表示“堅(jiān)定的,效忠的”。這里構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)be committed to,表示“致力于;委身于;以……為己任”,比如:He is committed to his team. (他一心效力于他的團(tuán)隊(duì)。)
3. take action:action為名詞,表示“活動(dòng),行動(dòng)”。在電影等拍攝現(xiàn)場(chǎng),導(dǎo)演經(jīng)常會(huì)喊“Action!”,該詞在此表示“(電影等)開(kāi)拍”。這里的take action表示“動(dòng)手,采取行動(dòng)”,比如:I vowed to take action. (我發(fā)誓會(huì)采取行動(dòng)。)
4. pay a heavy price:pay作動(dòng)詞,最常見(jiàn)的釋義是“支付”,比如pay the bills (支付賬單)。這里的pay a price指“付出代價(jià)”,heavy在此表程度,表示“付出沉重的代價(jià)”,比如:You will pay a heavy price for doing that. (你那么做是會(huì)付出沉重代價(jià)的。)這個(gè)短語(yǔ)還可以演變?yōu)閜ay any price,表示“不惜任何代價(jià)”。
Others also commented on the film ..., including former basketball star Yao Ming. Mr. Yao served as a representative (代表) at the legislative meetings. He said he had watched the film and was thankful for the information film producer Chai Jing made public. He said the film expressed the feelings in many people's hearts. A respiratory (呼吸的) expert and representative at the legislative meetings also spoke to VOA about Under the Dome. Zhong Nanshan said Chai Jing's film takes a good look at where smog comes from, how harmful it is and the efforts being taken to deal with it.
除了這部《穹頂之下》,類似題材的影片還有很多,比如電影《后天》(The Day After Tomorrow)、《2012》(2012)等。透過(guò)這些影片,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題迫在眉睫。那么,身為這個(gè)星球的一分子,我們可以做些什么呢?筆者曾看過(guò)一個(gè)視頻,標(biāo)題為“The Animals Save the Planet”,里面提到了很多可以改善環(huán)境的方法和理念,在此與大家分享。
Recycle your rubbish.
Recycle表示“循環(huán)使用,回收”?,F(xiàn)在很多的垃圾桶(trash can)都有分類標(biāo)識(shí),比如有的分為廚余垃圾(kitchen garbage)、生活垃圾(household garbage)、其他垃圾(other waste),還有的分為可回收的(recyclable)、不可回收的(unrecyclable)。一般來(lái)說(shuō),像塑料瓶(plastic bottle)、易拉罐(pop can)、報(bào)紙(newspaper)、電池(battery)等都是可以循環(huán)利用的,有的地方還會(huì)設(shè)有專門(mén)投放電池的垃圾箱。
Eat a healthy balanced diet.
有的同學(xué)會(huì)納悶:環(huán)保和健康飲食有什么關(guān)系?所謂健康均衡的飲食,就是要多吃蔬菜水果,適量少吃肉。多吃果蔬可以讓我們的身體保持健康,而少吃肉意味著少些動(dòng)物的飼養(yǎng),可以減少溫室氣體(greenhouse gases)的排放。
Avoid using plastic bags.
英國(guó)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》在2002年評(píng)出全球最糟糕的發(fā)明(the worst invention)就是塑料袋(plastic bags),因?yàn)樗芰洗枰◣资晟踔辽习倌甑臅r(shí)間才能分解,對(duì)環(huán)境非常不利。因此,提倡大家在購(gòu)物時(shí)都自備環(huán)保購(gòu)物袋(reusable shopping bags)。
Use energy saving lightbulbs.
根據(jù)物理知識(shí)可知,200瓦普通燈泡每小時(shí)消耗0.2度電,而40瓦節(jié)能燈泡每小時(shí)消耗0.04度,可見(jiàn)節(jié)能燈(energy saving lightbulbs)能夠節(jié)約大量的電能。
Cycling can cut your carbon emissions.
現(xiàn)在都提倡低碳生活(low carbon life),綠色出行。在平時(shí),大家可以盡量選擇低碳環(huán)保的出行方式,比如步行(on foot)、騎自行車(by bike)、乘公交車(by bus)等。
Use only the water you need.
根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)2014年發(fā)布的《世界水資源開(kāi)發(fā)報(bào)告》(World Water Development Report),到2050年全球?qū)⒂?0%以上的人口面臨水危機(jī)(water crisis)。地球上的資源是非常有限的(limited),所以在生活中我們要盡量做到節(jié)約用水。
Dont use disposable chopsticks and save paper.
近年來(lái),森林覆蓋(forest coverage)逐年減少,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致了水土流失(soil erosion)、沙漠化、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)(ecosystem)破壞等問(wèn)題。大家都知道,一次性筷子(disposable chopsticks)和紙張(paper)的原材料都是樹(shù)木,我們使用這些東西就相當(dāng)于在砍伐樹(shù)木(cut down trees)。因此,大家平時(shí)可以盡量隨身攜帶便攜式的(portable)筷子,使用紙張也要注意節(jié)約。
學(xué)習(xí)了這么多精彩表達(dá)和環(huán)保相關(guān)的知識(shí),相信大家更能體會(huì)“愛(ài)護(hù)地球,人人有責(zé)”的含義。Michael Jackson在他的“Heal the World”中唱道:“Heal the world. Make it a better place for you and for me and the entire human race. There are people dying. If you care enough for the living, make it a better place for you and for me.”讓我們一起努力,保護(hù)我們美好的家園。
作者簡(jiǎn)介:
古曉林,北京新東方學(xué)??釋W(xué)酷玩聽(tīng)力口語(yǔ)夏令營(yíng)優(yōu)秀教師,主要教授高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力、高考英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)加試、港大面試等;擁有超強(qiáng)的親和力,善于激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,讓學(xué)生輕松愛(ài)上學(xué)英語(yǔ)。