編者注：很多同學(xué)在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中常常有這樣的疑惑：為什么自己的英語(yǔ)筆試成績(jī)很好，但是卻總開(kāi)不了口，無(wú)法流利地用英語(yǔ)與人交流呢？下面給大家分享的是學(xué)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的五大法則，同學(xué)們不妨去思考、實(shí)踐一番，一定能有所收獲。

摘自：TalkEnglish.com

選譯：安徽大學(xué) 錢(qián)潤(rùn)荷

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This rule might sound strange to many ESL （English as a Second Language） students， but it is one of the most important rules. If you want to pass examinations， then study grammar. However， if you want to become fluent （流暢的；流利的） in English， then you should try to learn English without studying too much grammar.

對(duì)于許多把英語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，這條法則聽(tīng)起來(lái)很奇怪，但它可是最重要的法則之一。如果你想要通過(guò)考試，那就去學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法。然而，如果你想要把英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得更流利，那你學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)這門(mén)語(yǔ)言時(shí)應(yīng)該嘗試一下不去過(guò)多地學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法。

Studying grammar will only slow you down and confuse （使……迷惑） you. You will think about the rules when creating sentences instead of naturally saying a sentence like a native （當(dāng)?shù)厝耍? Remember that only a small group of English speakers know more than 20% of all the grammar rules. Many ESL students know more grammar than native speakers. I can confidently （肯定地） say this with experience. I am a native English speaker， majored （主修……） in English Literature， and have been teaching English for more than 10 years. However， many of my students know more details about English grammar than I do. I can easily look up the definition （定義） and apply （應(yīng)用） it， but I dont know it when I speak English.

學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法只會(huì)讓你速度慢下來(lái)，把你弄糊涂。在造句的時(shí)候，你會(huì)去思考規(guī)則，而不是像本國(guó)人一樣自然而然地說(shuō)出一個(gè)句子。要知道，只有很小一部分的英語(yǔ)使用者知道的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則在20%以上。許多ESL學(xué)生知道的語(yǔ)法比母語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)的人更多。以我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我可以肯定這一點(diǎn)。我的母語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)，主修的是英語(yǔ)文學(xué)，迄今已經(jīng)教了十多年的英語(yǔ)。但是，有關(guān)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的細(xì)節(jié)，很多學(xué)生比我知道的更多。我可以很快地查找一個(gè)語(yǔ)法定義并去運(yùn)用它，但是我說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候卻沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這個(gè)規(guī)則的存在。

I often ask my native English friends some grammar questions， and only a few of them know the correct answer. However， they are fluent in English and can read， speak， listen， and communicate effectively.

我總是問(wèn)我的那些母語(yǔ)也是英語(yǔ)的朋友們一些語(yǔ)法問(wèn)題。他們當(dāng)中也只有很少一部分人能說(shuō)出正確的答案。但是，他們的英語(yǔ)都很流利，能讀、說(shuō)、聽(tīng)和有效地進(jìn)行交際。

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Many students learn vocabulary and try to put many words together to create a proper sentence. It amazes me how many words some of my students know， but they cannot create a proper sentence. The reason is because they didnt study phrases. When children learn a language， they learn both words and phrases together. Likewise， you need to study and learn phrases.

很多學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)詞匯，并嘗試把很多單詞放在一起來(lái)造一個(gè)正確的句子。我的一些學(xué)生們的詞匯量讓我很驚異，但是他們沒(méi)辦法說(shuō)出正常的句子，因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有學(xué)習(xí)短語(yǔ)。當(dāng)孩子們學(xué)習(xí)一種語(yǔ)言時(shí)，詞和短語(yǔ)他們都學(xué)。同樣，你也需要學(xué)習(xí)短語(yǔ)。

If you know 1000 words， you might not be able to say one correct sentence. But if you know 1 phrase， you can make hundreds of correct sentences. If you know 100 phrases， you will be surprised at how many correct sentences you will be able to say. Finally， when you know only a 1000 phrases， you will be almost a fluent English speaker.endprint

如果你知道1000個(gè)單詞，你不一定能夠說(shuō)出一個(gè)正確的句子。但如果你知道1個(gè)短語(yǔ)，你可以造出上百個(gè)正確的句子。如果你知道了100個(gè)短語(yǔ)，你將會(huì)為自己可以說(shuō)出如此多正確的句子而驚訝。最后，你只要知道了1000個(gè)短語(yǔ)，你基本上就能說(shuō)一口流利的英語(yǔ)了。

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When you want to create an English sentence， do not translate the words from your mother tongue. The order of words is probably completely different and you will be both slow and incorrect by doing this. Instead， learn phrases and sentences so you dont have to think about the words you are saying. It should be automatic （自動(dòng)地；不假思索地）.

當(dāng)你想造一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子的時(shí)候，不要根據(jù)母語(yǔ)翻譯句子。兩種語(yǔ)言的詞序有可能完全不同，你很有可能既慢又容易出錯(cuò)。相反，學(xué)習(xí)了短語(yǔ)和句子，你就用不著思考你要說(shuō)的單詞，而是不假思索地脫口而出。

Another problem with translating is that you will be trying to incorporate （混合） grammar rules that you have learned. Translating and thinking about the grammar to create English sentences is incorrect （不正確的） and should be avoided. Practice speaking what you hear！

翻譯的另一個(gè)問(wèn)題在于你將會(huì)試圖把你所學(xué)到的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則全部糅合起來(lái)。依靠翻譯和語(yǔ)法來(lái)構(gòu)建英語(yǔ)句子是不正確的，應(yīng)該避免。要練習(xí)說(shuō)出你所聽(tīng)到的東西！

Reading， listening and speaking are the most important aspects of any language， such as English. However， it is normal for babies and children to learn speaking first， become fluent， then start reading， then writing. So the natural order is listening， speaking， reading， then writing.

閱讀、聽(tīng)力和口語(yǔ)都是任何一種語(yǔ)言最重要的幾個(gè)方面，英語(yǔ)也不例外。但是，對(duì)于孩童來(lái)說(shuō)，他們先開(kāi)始學(xué)說(shuō)，然后再開(kāi)始說(shuō)得流利，之后開(kāi)始閱讀，然后是寫(xiě)作。所以自然的順序首先是聽(tīng)力，口語(yǔ)，閱讀，然后是寫(xiě)作。

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Being able to speak a language is not related to how smart you are. Anyone can learn how to speak any language. This is a proven （被證實(shí)的） fact by everyone in the world. Everyone can speak at least one language. Whether you are intelligent， or lacking some brain power， you are able to speak one language.

能否說(shuō)一種語(yǔ)言，和聰明與否無(wú)關(guān)。任何人都可以學(xué)習(xí)如何說(shuō)任何一種語(yǔ)言。這是已經(jīng)被世界上的每個(gè)人證實(shí)了的事實(shí)。每個(gè)人都能講至少一種語(yǔ)言。無(wú)論你是聰明還是愚鈍，你都能說(shuō)一種語(yǔ)言。

This was achieved by being around that language at all times. In your country， you hear and speak your language constantly （不斷地）. You will notice that many people who are good English speakers are the ones who studied in an English speaking school. They can speak English not because they went to an English speaking school， but because they had an environment where they can be around English speaking people constantly.

之所以能這樣，是因?yàn)槟阋恢北贿@種語(yǔ)言所包圍。在你的國(guó)家，你不停地聽(tīng)到并且說(shuō)自己的語(yǔ)言。你也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)那些英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好的人都是在說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)校里面的。他們能說(shuō)英語(yǔ)并不是因?yàn)槭侨チ艘患艺f(shuō)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)校，而是因?yàn)樗麄冇幸粋€(gè)可以讓他們不斷說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的環(huán)境。

There are also some people who study abroad and learn very little. That is because they went to an English speaking school， but found friends from their own country and didnt practice English.endprint

當(dāng)然，也有人去了國(guó)外，但是學(xué)到的東西卻很少。這是因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)チ艘凰f(shuō)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)校，但是周?chē)呐笥讯际莵?lái)自自己的國(guó)家并且都不說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。

You dont have to go anywhere to become a fluent English speaker. You only need to surround yourself with English. You can do this by making rules with your existing friends that you will only speak English. You can also carry around an iPod and constantly listen to English sentences. As you can see， you can achieve results by changing what your surroundings are. Submerge yourself in English and you will learn several times faster.

如果想說(shuō)一口流利的英語(yǔ)，你并不是非得去某個(gè)地方。你只需要處于英語(yǔ)的環(huán)境中就行。要達(dá)到這種效果，你可以和你現(xiàn)在的朋友約定只說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。你還可以隨身攜帶一臺(tái)iPod，不斷地聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)句子。如你所見(jiàn)，你可以通過(guò)改變你周?chē)沫h(huán)境實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)想的效果。讓自己沉浸在英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中，你能學(xué)得快幾倍。

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A common phrase that is incorrect is， “Practice makes perfect.” This is far from the truth. Practice only makes what you are practicing permanent （永久的）. If you practice the incorrect sentence， you will have perfected saying the sentence incorrectly. Therefore， it is important that you study material that is commonly used by most people.

有句俗語(yǔ)可能有失偏頗：“熟能生巧”。這句話(huà)并非真理。練習(xí)只能讓你永遠(yuǎn)停留在練習(xí)。如果你練習(xí)一個(gè)不正確的句子，那么你還會(huì)一直不正確下去。因此，選擇大多數(shù)人選用的材料是很重要的。

Another problem I see is that many students study the news. However， the language they speak is more formal and the content they use is more political and not used in regular life. It is important to understand what they are saying， but this is more of an advanced lesson that should be studied after learning the fundamental （基礎(chǔ)的） basics of English.

另外一個(gè)問(wèn)題是，我發(fā)現(xiàn)很多學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的是新聞素材。然而，他們所說(shuō)的語(yǔ)言太正式、內(nèi)容太政治化，不是日常使用的語(yǔ)言。理解他們所說(shuō)的很重要，但是這些應(yīng)該是在基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)之上的更高級(jí)的課程。

Studying English with a friend who is not a native English speaker is both good and bad. Practicing with a non-native person will give you practice. You can also motivate each other and point out basic mistakes. But you might pick up bad habits from one another if you are not sure about what are correct and incorrect sentences. So use these practice times as a time period to practice the correct material you studied.

和一個(gè)母語(yǔ)非英語(yǔ)的朋友一起學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)有利也有弊。和母語(yǔ)非英語(yǔ)的人進(jìn)行練習(xí)，你們也可以相互激勵(lì)，相互指出基本的錯(cuò)誤。但是如果你不知道對(duì)方說(shuō)的句子正確與否，你就有可能學(xué)到一些壞習(xí)慣。因此，把這部分的時(shí)間利用起來(lái)去練習(xí)你們學(xué)習(xí)的正確的材料吧。

In short， study English material that you can trust， that is commonly used， and that is correct.

簡(jiǎn)而言之，應(yīng)該去學(xué)習(xí)那些值得信賴(lài)的、常用的、正確的材料。endprint