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尼克酰胺對人臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞的保護(hù)效應(yīng)*

2015-03-22 10:43:32楊曉蕾陳智聰廖繼東谷景義劉革修暨南大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院田家炳醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中心血液病研究所廣東廣州5063
中國病理生理雜志 2015年10期
關(guān)鍵詞:損耗率充質(zhì)臍帶

楊曉蕾,陳智聰,廖繼東△,谷景義,于 波,劉革修(暨南大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院田家炳醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中心,血液病研究所,廣東廣州5063)

尼克酰胺對人臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞的保護(hù)效應(yīng)*

楊曉蕾1,陳智聰1,廖繼東1△,谷景義1,于波1,劉革修2
(暨南大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院1田家炳醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中心,2血液病研究所,廣東廣州510632)

目的:探討尼克酰胺(nicotinic acid amide,NAA)減輕人臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,hUC-MSCs)輸注損傷的效應(yīng)。方法:空白對照組為0. 3 mL生理鹽水、MSC組為0. 3 mL 1× 106CFSE標(biāo)記的hUC-MSCs,MSC + NAA組為0. 3 mL 10 mmol/L NAA處理24 h的1×106CFSE標(biāo)記的hUC-MSCs,分別與2. 7 mL正常人全血混勻,注入改良Chandler Loop內(nèi),在37℃下,20 mL/min循環(huán)1 h,檢測循環(huán)前后血小板、白細(xì)胞、hUC-MSCs和C3a的變化。結(jié)果:血小板消耗率空白對照組為(29. 96±10. 88) %、MSC組為(77. 76± 19. 29) %、MSC + NAA組為(50. 13±18. 10) %;白細(xì)胞消耗率空白對照組為(37. 82±13. 81) %、MSC組為(64. 57 ±17. 08) %、MSC + NAA組為(41.52±17.26) %,MSC組和MSC + NAA組與空白對照組比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0. 05)。MSC + NAA組的hUC-MSCs存活率較MSC組高(P<0. 05)??瞻讓φ?、MSC和MSC + NAA組的C3a含量分別為(206. 27±58. 10)μg/L、(230. 47±39. 61)μg/L和(208. 37±40. 66)μg/L。結(jié)論: hUC-MSCs與正常人全血在改良Chandler Loop內(nèi)共循環(huán)1 h可模擬血液介導(dǎo)即刻炎癥反應(yīng)(instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction,IBMIR),大量損耗MSCs和血液成分,導(dǎo)致C3a上升。NAA可抑制IBMIR、降低血液成分的損耗、提高h(yuǎn)UC-MSCs的存活率,提示NAA能減輕MSCs的輸注損傷。

人臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞;血液介導(dǎo)即刻炎癥反應(yīng); Chandler Loop;尼克酰胺

[ABSTRACT]AIM: To investigate the effect of nicotinic acid amide (NAA) on the infusion damage of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) under the condition of instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR).METHODS: Normal peripheral blood without anticoagulant at volume of 2. 7 mL was mixed with 0. 3 mL physiological saline (as blank group),CFSE labeled hUC-MSCs (1×106cells in 0. 3 mL as MSC group) and CFSE labeled hUC-MSCs (1×106cells in 0. 3 mL) preprocessed with NAA at concentration of 10 mmol/L for 24 h (as MSC + NAA group),respectively.The mixture was immediately injected into the improved Chandler Loop model,placed in 37℃water bath,and then started the peristaltic pump at the speed of 20 mL/min for 1 h.The number of CFSE labeled hUC-MSCs,platelets,white blood cells were counted and the concentration of complement C3a was measured before and after cycling,respectively.RESULTS: After 1 h circulation,the platelet dissipation rate were (29. 96±10. 88) % in blank group,(77. 76±19. 29) % in MSC group all and (50. 13±18. 10) % in MSC + NAA group; and the leukocyte counts were (37. 82±13. 81) % in blank group,(64. 57±17. 08) % in MSC group and (41. 52±17. 26) % in MSC + NAA group.Compared with blank group,the differences of the dissipation rates in MSC group and MSC + NAA group all had statistical significance.The hUC-MSCs relative survival rate in MSC + NAA group was higher than that in MSC group.C3a concentrations in blank group,MSC group and MSC + NAA group were (206. 27±58. 10),(230. 47±39. 61) and (208. 37± 40. 66)μg/L,respectively.CONCLUSION: Co-circulating the mixture of hUC-MSCs with normal peripheral blood without anticoagulant in the improved Chandler Loop for 1 h depletes a large number of hUC-MSCs and blood components,and increases C3a,suggesting that this model can induce IBMIR.NAA has a protective effect on the hUC-MSCs in the infusion damage by inhibiting IBMIR,reducing the wastage of the blood components and enhancing the survival rate of the hUCMSCs.

[KEY WORDS]hUC-MSCs; Instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction; Chandler Loop; Nicotinic acid amide

細(xì)胞治療是利用患者自體(或異體)的細(xì)胞對組織、器官進(jìn)行修復(fù),已被用于白血病、癌癥或腫瘤、免疫系統(tǒng)疾病、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病等多種疾病的臨床治療研究,展現(xiàn)出誘人的應(yīng)用前景[1]。隨著細(xì)胞生物學(xué),尤其是干細(xì)胞研究的深入發(fā)展和細(xì)胞工程技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步,可用于細(xì)胞治療的細(xì)胞來源日益豐富,靶標(biāo)不斷拓展[2]。細(xì)胞治療無論是細(xì)胞代替治療,刺激治療還是養(yǎng)生療法,都必須將細(xì)胞導(dǎo)入機(jī)體內(nèi)部的靶標(biāo)部位。迄今,將各類細(xì)胞導(dǎo)入機(jī)體的最佳途徑仍然是通過血循環(huán)系統(tǒng)。因此,治療細(xì)胞進(jìn)入機(jī)體首先接觸的就是血液。報(bào)道證實(shí),治療細(xì)胞一旦接觸患者的血液便可發(fā)生血液介導(dǎo)即刻炎癥反應(yīng)(instant blood-mediatedinflammatoryreaction,IBMIR)[3-4],使高達(dá)70%的輸入細(xì)胞被快速破壞而丟失[5-7]。這是影響細(xì)胞治療療效、導(dǎo)致彌漫性血管內(nèi)凝血(disseminated intravascular coagulation,DIC)及免疫反應(yīng)的主要原因之一。間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)因其來源廣、分化增殖潛力大、免疫原性低而獲得廣泛關(guān)注,已被用于多項(xiàng)臨床疾病的細(xì)胞治療實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。已有報(bào)道證實(shí)MSC與受體血液接觸所致IBMIR可能與其療效低下有直接關(guān)系[8]??梢娨种芃SC輸注所致IBMIR是減少不良反應(yīng)、提高療效的潛在途徑之一。本文利用改良的Chandler Loop模擬體內(nèi)IBMIR,探討尼克酰胺(nicotinic acid amide,NAA)減輕人臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞(human umbilical cord MSCs,hUC-MSCs)輸注損傷的保護(hù)效應(yīng)及其機(jī)制。

材料和方法

1材料

本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用在暨南大學(xué)華僑醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科出生的、胎齡為37~40周、無先天性疾病及梅毒、艾滋病、肝炎等傳染性疾病的健康新生兒臍帶,按本室已有程序制備鑒定hUC-MSCs[9-10]。供者對臍帶用于實(shí)驗(yàn)研究均已知情同意,并獲暨南大學(xué)華僑醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。正常人外周血取自健康自愿者(臨用前采集) ; NAA購自Sigma;人補(bǔ)體C3a酶聯(lián)免疫分析試劑盒購自廣州穗碩生物有限公司。

2方法

2.1hUC-MSCs的處理和標(biāo)記取0. 984 g NAA用1 L雙蒸水溶解成80 mmol/L濃度的NAA溶液。將傳代3~5 d、生長狀態(tài)良好的hUC-MSCs用0. 25%胰蛋白酶消化1 min,1 000 r/min離心5 min收集細(xì)胞,PBS洗3次后用37℃預(yù)溫的無血清DMEM/F12

配成1×1010/L,加入等體積NAA溶液(終濃度為10 mmol/L),置37℃培養(yǎng)箱中孵育24 h,1 000 r/min離心5 min收集細(xì)胞,PBS洗3次后調(diào)整細(xì)胞濃度至1×1010/L。取500 μg CFSE溶解于180 μL DMSO (20 g/L)配成5 mmol/L溶液儲(chǔ)存于-20℃?zhèn)溆?。? mL細(xì)胞懸液加入CFSE溶液0.8 μL,置37℃10 min,轉(zhuǎn)移至4℃冰浴,加入800 μL PBS,終止反應(yīng)10 min,1 000 r/min離心5 min收集細(xì)胞,PBS洗2次,用PBS調(diào)整細(xì)胞至1×109/L。

2.2改良的Chandler Loop模型構(gòu)建根據(jù)Chandler Loop模型[3,11-12],結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康倪M(jìn)行改良,改良模型擬申報(bào)專利,暫時(shí)保密。

2.3IBMIR實(shí)驗(yàn)按表1所示,各取含1×106經(jīng)0、10 mmol/L NAA預(yù)處理的、經(jīng)CFSE標(biāo)記的hUCMSCs細(xì)胞懸液及生理鹽水300 μL與2. 7 mL新鮮正常人外周血混勻(終濃度為1×105hUC-MSCs),迅速注入改良Chandler Loop模型的環(huán)管內(nèi),以20 mL/ min的流速循環(huán)1 h。分別取1 mL用于hUC-MSCs檢測和20 μL用于血細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù),其余血樣經(jīng)3 000 r/ min離心15 min分離血漿用于人C3a檢測。

表1 IBMIR實(shí)驗(yàn)分組及實(shí)驗(yàn)方案Table 1.Grouping and protocol of the IBMIR experiment (n =7)

2.4白細(xì)胞、血小板計(jì)數(shù)和白細(xì)胞分類計(jì)數(shù)取血樣20 μL分別加入380 μL白細(xì)胞或血小板稀釋液(南京建成科技有限公司出品)中混勻,顯微鏡下通過血細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)板分別用低倍鏡和高倍鏡計(jì)數(shù)血小板和白細(xì)胞總數(shù)。另取一滴血樣涂片,經(jīng)快速瑞姬氏染色液染色,在油鏡下進(jìn)行白細(xì)胞分類計(jì)數(shù)。以上操作均由2位以上熟練人員在互不干擾的情況下分別獨(dú)立進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)和分類,取其計(jì)數(shù)的平均值[13]。

2.5hUC-MSCs的檢測分別取NAA處理和未處理的CFSE標(biāo)記的hUC-MSCs細(xì)胞懸液及PBS液100 μL與EDTA抗凝的正常人外周血900 μL混勻作為相應(yīng)各組的參照(未經(jīng)改良Chandler Loop模型循環(huán))。向各實(shí)驗(yàn)樣本及其參照中加入14 mL PBS混勻,4℃1 000 r/min離心10 min。吸去上層細(xì)胞碎片,沉淀細(xì)胞加PBS至1 mL,吹打混勻,取200 μL加入96孔螢光酶標(biāo)板內(nèi),重復(fù)3孔。在TZ-CANSAFIRE-2螢光酶標(biāo)儀(TZCAN)上,以490 nm激發(fā),檢測530 nm熒光度值,按下列公式計(jì)算hUC-MSCs的相對存活率。

2.6C3a的檢測取3 mL新鮮正常人外周血配制空白血清對照(Serum)組。按試劑盒操作指南,在96孔板上設(shè)置標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線及空白孔,分別加入不同濃度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液50 μL及等體積樣本稀釋液,其余各孔分別加入樣品稀釋液40 μL、樣品10 μL,輕搖混勻,蓋上蓋板,置于濕盒內(nèi)37℃溫育30 min;除空白孔外每孔加入酶標(biāo)試劑50 μL,繼續(xù)溫育30 min;棄去液體并甩干,加滿洗滌液靜置30 s棄去,如此重復(fù)5次,拍干;加顯色劑A 50 μL,混勻37℃避光顯色15 min;加終止液50 μL,立即在TZ-CAN-SAFIRE-2螢光酶標(biāo)儀上讀取450 nm波長吸光度(A)值。以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)孔的濃度與A值計(jì)算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線的直線回歸方程,將樣品A值代入方程并乘以稀釋倍數(shù)計(jì)算樣品實(shí)際濃度。

3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)用均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(mean±SD)表示,應(yīng)用SPSS 13. 0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行分析,用單因素方差分析和t檢驗(yàn)檢測組間均數(shù)差異,以P<0. 05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

結(jié)果

1NAA降低血液成分損耗率

經(jīng)改良的Chandler Loop模型循環(huán)1 h后,各組血液成分的損耗情況見表2??梢娂尤?×106hUCMSCs(MSC組和MSC + NAA組)后血小板、粒細(xì)胞、淋巴細(xì)胞及單核細(xì)胞的損耗率(%)與空白對照組相比明顯增加(P<0. 05)。經(jīng)10 mmol/L NAA處理的hUC-MSCs較未經(jīng)NAA處理的hUC-MSCs相比,血小板、粒細(xì)胞、淋巴細(xì)胞及單核細(xì)胞的損耗率明顯下降(P<0. 05)。

表2 血液成分損耗率Table 2.The dissipation rate of the blood components (%.Mean±SD.n =7)

2NAA提高h(yuǎn)UC-MSCs存活率

CFSE標(biāo)記的hUC-MSCs的熒光檢測計(jì)算結(jié)果見圖1所示??梢姡?jīng)10 mmol/L NAA處理較未經(jīng)NAA處理的hUC-MSCs存活率高(P<0. 05)。

Figure 1.The survival rate of hUC-MSCs.Mean±SD.n = 7.*P<0. 05 vs MSC.圖1 hUC-MSCs的存活率

3NAA未能抑制使血清C3a上升

經(jīng)改良的Chandler Loop裝置循環(huán)1 h后,各組血清經(jīng)ELISA檢測C3a的含量見圖2所示。可見實(shí)驗(yàn)組(MSC組和MSC + NAA組)和空白對照組的C3a含量均明顯高于空白血清對照組,差異顯著(P<0. 05)。

Figure 2.The changes of serum C3a contents.Mean±SD.n = 7.*P<0. 05 vs serum.圖2 血清C3a含量的變化

4 hUC-MSCs的鑒定

本實(shí)驗(yàn)制備的傳代培養(yǎng)第3代hUC-MSCs呈均一的梭形成纖維細(xì)胞樣聚集貼壁生長,表達(dá)CD105+/CD29+/CD44+/CD31-/CD34-/CD40-/CD45-/ HLA-DR-,可分化為成骨細(xì)胞及脂肪細(xì)胞,見圖3、4。

Figure 3.Morphology of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells at passage 3 (×100).圖3 第3代人臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞形態(tài)

討論

已知受體血小板、凝血因子和補(bǔ)體系統(tǒng)被輸注的外源細(xì)胞所激活,產(chǎn)生C3a、Csb-9等炎癥介質(zhì),在短時(shí)間內(nèi)致使輸入的細(xì)胞及受體的血小板、粒細(xì)胞甚至紅細(xì)胞等血液成分被大量地破壞損耗,甚至可能引起DIC等致命反應(yīng)是IBMIR的顯著特征,是影響細(xì)胞治療效果的重要因素之一[8,14]。IBMIR在大量消耗輸注的MSC的同時(shí),產(chǎn)生了大量的活化血小板。已有報(bào)道顯示,活化的血小板可抑制MSC向凋亡心肌細(xì)胞的遷移,進(jìn)一步降低MSC的作用[15]。

本文按照我們課題組已有程序制備鑒定hUCMSCs,傳代至第3代的hUC-MSCs細(xì)胞呈均一梭形成纖維細(xì)胞樣聚集貼壁生長,具有向成骨細(xì)胞及脂肪細(xì)胞分化的潛能,表型為CD105+/CD29+/ CD44+/CD31-/CD34-/CD40-/CD45-/HLA-DR-,與前期結(jié)果一致[10,16],符合首屆胎盤來源干細(xì)胞國際研討會(huì)及國際細(xì)胞治療協(xié)會(huì)關(guān)于MSCs的最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[17]。改良的Chandler Loop裝置根據(jù)Bennet等[3,11-12]的報(bào)道,并參考其它血液循環(huán)模型[18-21]構(gòu)建。正常人非抗凝外周血經(jīng)該裝置循環(huán)1 h各血液成分的損耗率分別為:白細(xì)胞(37. 82±13. 81) %、粒細(xì)胞(14. 18±0. 39) %、淋巴細(xì)胞(2. 36±1. 32) %、單核細(xì)胞(30. 92±0. 22) %、血小板(29. 96±10. 88) %,與改良型Chandler Loop模型相近[3],基本滿足血液體外循環(huán)實(shí)驗(yàn)的需求。

Figure 4.The cell surface markers of passage 3.圖4 第3代hUC-MSCs細(xì)胞表型鑒定

IBMIR的特征是受體血小板、凝血系統(tǒng)及補(bǔ)體系統(tǒng)同時(shí)被激活,以及血液成分和輸注細(xì)胞在短時(shí)間內(nèi)的大量損耗[22-23]。1×108/L hUC-MSCs致使循環(huán)后各血液成分的損耗率明顯上升,血清C3a含量增加顯著,hUC-MSCs存活率低至(16. 51±8. 29) %,與IBMIR中受體血小板損耗,以及血細(xì)胞和輸注細(xì)胞的大量破壞丟失相吻合[22-23]。提示hUC-MSCs在改良的Chandler Loop裝置內(nèi)與正常人血液共循環(huán)1 h產(chǎn)生了外源細(xì)胞輸入體內(nèi)所致IBMIR的基本血液學(xué)改變及靶細(xì)胞損耗[24]。

NAA是維生素B3的主要成分,參與了許多重要的生物學(xué)過程,具有抗炎和抗氧化作用[25-26],體外實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)NAA可抑制大鼠胰島細(xì)胞表達(dá)組織因子及MCP-1,進(jìn)而抑制IBMIR所致大鼠胰島細(xì)胞的損耗[27-29]。已有報(bào)道MSCs表達(dá)組織因子的量隨傳代而升高[30],且傳代次數(shù)越多的MSCs輸注時(shí)發(fā)生的IBMIR越強(qiáng)烈,提示組織因子與MSCs輸注所致的IBIMR強(qiáng)度有關(guān)[31]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)中參考Jung等[32]的研究并進(jìn)行預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)后選擇10 mmol/L為工作濃度,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,10 mmol/L NAA可明顯降低hUC-MSCs共循環(huán)所致血液成分的損耗率,提高h(yuǎn)UC-MSCs存活率,抑制IBMIR,提示10 mmol/L NAA對受到輸注損傷的hUC-MSCs具有一定的保護(hù)作用。此外,各實(shí)驗(yàn)組與實(shí)驗(yàn)對照組C3a含量差異不明顯,提示在hUCMSCs輸注發(fā)生的IBMIR中補(bǔ)體系統(tǒng)激活C3a水平較弱。有關(guān)NAA對hUC-MSCs輸注損傷保護(hù)作用的量效關(guān)系及其機(jī)制有待進(jìn)一步探討。

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(責(zé)任編輯:林白霜,余小慧)

Protective effect of nicotinic acid amide on human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

YANG Xiao-lei1,CHEN Zhi-cong1,LIAO Ji-dong1,GU Jing-yi1,YU Bo1,LIU Ge-xiu2
(1Tin Ka-ping Center for Medical Experiments,2Institute of Hematology,School of Medicine,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China.E-mail: tliaojd@jnu.edu.cn)

R363. 2

A

10.3969/j.issn.1000-4718.2015.10.005

1000-4718(2015)10-1756-06

2015-01-26

2015-04-27

國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(No.81270568)

△Tel: 020-85225841; E-mail: tliaojd@jnu.edu.cn

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