閆志輝,崔立紅,王曉輝,賀 星,李 超,弓三東,羅 哲,季夢辰
海軍總醫(yī)院 消化內科,北京 100048
乳酸桿菌與雙歧桿菌對高脂血癥治療的相關性研究
閆志輝,崔立紅,王曉輝,賀 星,李 超,弓三東,羅 哲,季夢辰
海軍總醫(yī)院 消化內科,北京 100048
目的分析高脂血癥患者臨床治療效果與補充腸道乳酸桿菌、雙歧桿菌的相關性。方法對2012年3月- 2014年6月于我院就診的120例高脂血癥患者[男性85例,女性35例,年齡(48.1±11.6)歲]隨機分為4組:A組低脂飲食+運動,B組給予降血脂藥物,C組給予腸道菌群調節(jié)劑,D組給予降血脂藥物+腸道菌群調節(jié)劑治療,療程為1個月。所有患者于入院前、治療1個月、3個月時進行血脂、腸道菌群檢測。結果治療前、治療1個月、3個月血脂水平:C組總膽固醇(total cholesterol,TC)(mmol/L)6.69±1.29、6.18±1.04、6.78±1.14;三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)(mmol/L):1.91±0.32、1.87±0.46、1.93±0.28;高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)(mmol/L):0.91±0.35、0.97±0.33、0.97±0.36;D組TC:6.79±1.39、4.11±1.07、4.27±1.03;TG:1.90±0.55、1.36±0.41、1.39±0.29;HDL-C:0.88±0.30、1.32±0.39、1.24±0.35。C組降血脂效果最差(1個月:30%;3個月:16.7%),D組降血脂效果最好(1個月:76.6%;3個月:70%)。隨時間變化HDL-C水平在C組存在回升和反彈現(xiàn)象(治療前:0.88±0.30;1個月:1.32±0.39;3個月:0.97±0.36)。C組治療1個月時乳酸桿菌和雙歧桿菌(logn/g)(7.49±0.34,9.50±0.15)顯著高于治療前(6.85±0.26,9.32±0.12)、治療3個月(6.73±0.28,9.22±0.14)后;而D組治療1個月(7.63±0.62,9.55±0.14)、3個月(7.42±0.59,9.51±0.11)時乳酸桿菌和雙歧桿菌均顯著高于治療前(6.88±0.23,9.27±0.13)。結論乳酸桿菌、雙歧桿菌干預可能對高脂血癥患者臨床療效起到積極作用。
腸道菌群;高脂血癥;降血脂治療
正常人體腸道內定植500 ~ 1 000種不同菌群,其細胞數(shù)量為1014,是人體細胞總數(shù)1013的10倍,所攜帶的遺傳基因數(shù)量是人體遺傳基因總數(shù)100倍[1-3](又稱為人類第二基因組),也被一些學者視為機體中一個代謝重要器官,具有不可替代的生理功能[4]。隨著基礎研究的不斷深入,腸道菌群在高脂血癥、肥胖及相關代謝性疾病發(fā)生、發(fā)展中的作用被廣泛認識和研究[5-10]。但其具體機制尚未完全闡明,同時由于臨床高脂血癥并發(fā)代謝疾病的多樣性和治療方案個體化差異,導致臨床干預和治療效果亦未達成共識,本研究對我院120例高脂血癥患者進行降血脂藥物及腸道菌群調節(jié)劑的臨床治療觀察,以探討腸道菌群對降脂治療是否產生影響。
1 一般資料 選擇我院2012年3月- 2014年6月120例高脂血癥患者為觀察對象,根據住院號及門診就診尾號隨機平均分為4組(尾號1 ~ 2 A組;3 ~ 4 B組;5 ~ 6 C組;7 ~ 8 D組,0,9不選入,直至4組樣本量均到達30例)。各組在年齡、性別、體質量指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)、血脂水平分布差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具體見表1。入組患者臨床治療前1個月及整個臨床觀察期內均未服用任何抗生素及其他微生態(tài)制劑,同時排除糖尿病、高尿酸血癥等代謝性疾病。高血脂診斷依據《中國成人血脂異常防治指南》[10],入組患者均簽署臨床觀察知情同意書。
2 治療方法 A組采用非藥物的飲食、運動治療,要求每日嚴格控制脂肪攝入量,保證每日活動量為步行≥1 km;B組根據血脂檢測結果分別采用他汀類或貝特類降血脂藥物,膽固醇(total cholesterol,TC)升高為主患者,采用阿托伐他汀(輝瑞制藥有限公司J20070061),10 mg/d,每天8:00 pm時口服,療程1個月;單純三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)升高者,采用非諾貝特膠囊(宜昌人福藥業(yè)有限責任公司H42022051),0.2 g/d,1次/d,口服,療程1個月[10]。C組采用腸道菌群調節(jié)劑,口服麗珠腸樂膠囊(康田制藥(中山)有限公司S10960040),2粒/次,3次/d,同時復合乳酸菌膠囊(江蘇美通制藥有限公司H19980184)2粒/次,3次/d,療程1個月。D組給予上述降血脂藥物聯(lián)合腸道菌群調節(jié)劑治療,療程1個月。所有患者定期復查肝、腎功能,若出現(xiàn)肝、腎功能異?;蚋篂a、腹痛等藥物不良反應,立即停用相關藥物。各組分別于入院前、治療1個月、3個月時進行血脂、腸道菌群檢測。
3 樣本采集及檢測 糞便樣本:留取晨起新鮮糞便于無菌干燥采便盒內,采集完成后立即送檢,進行稀釋、接種和培養(yǎng),整個檢測過程不超過2 h。血液樣本:留取晨起空腹肘前靜脈血液5 ml,采集完畢后立即送檢,整個檢測過程不超過2 h。腸道菌群數(shù)量檢測:無菌稱取均勻混合后的糞便樣本10 g于90 ml厭氧稀釋液中,充分混勻后進行10倍濃度梯度稀釋至108,選擇合適稀釋度的樣本20μl,分別接種在各培養(yǎng)基上,不同稀釋度均完成3個平行樣。按相應要求和條件進行培養(yǎng)后,以菌落形態(tài)、革蘭染色鏡檢、生化反應等鑒定計數(shù)菌落,求平均值,并計算出每克濕便中的菌數(shù)。選擇性培養(yǎng)基主要采用:雙歧桿菌改良BBL培養(yǎng)基,37℃,48 h厭氧培養(yǎng);乳酸桿菌LBS培養(yǎng)基,37℃,48 h燭缸培養(yǎng)。上述操作均參照《保健食品檢驗與評價技術規(guī)范》相關要求進行[11]。
4 療效評價 血脂降低效果主要依據血清TG、
表1 4組高脂血癥患者一般資料比較Tab. 1 Comparison of general information of patients in four groups ()
表1 4組高脂血癥患者一般資料比較Tab. 1 Comparison of general information of patients in four groups ()
Group A (n=30)Group B (n=30)Group C (n=30)Group D (n=30) Sex (n, %) Male21(70)23(76.67)21(70)20(66.67) Female9(30)7(23.33)9(30)10(33.33) Age (yrs)47.70±8.1049.10±9.1046.80±10.3048.50±7.90 BMI29.40±4.4030.40±3.7029.10±4.3031.10±4.20 TC level (mmol/L)6.54±1.616.72±1.516.69±1.296.79±1.39 TG level (mmol/L)1.88±0.301.85±0.281.91±0.321.90±0.55 HDL-C level (mmol/L)0.93±0.270.90±0.310.91±0.350.88±0.30
TC、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)水平[12],于治療3個月時進行臨床療效評價:顯效:TC下降≥20%,TG下降≥40%,HDL-C上升≥0.26 mmol/L;有效:TC下降10% ~ 20%,TG下降20% ~ 40%,HDL-C上升≥0.18 mmol/L;無效:TG、TC降低未達到有效標準;惡化:TC上升≥10%,TG上升≥10%,HDL-C下降≥0.18 mmol/L。相關評價標準參照心血管系統(tǒng)藥物臨床研究指導原則(1993年版)。
5 統(tǒng)計學分析 資料采用SPSS13.0軟件進行統(tǒng)計學分析,血脂水平比較使用析因實驗方差分析,腸道菌群計數(shù)比較采用單因素方差LSD法分析,臨床療效計量資料采用χ2檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
1 4組療效比較 治療1個月時,A組有效率為40%,與B組73.3%(χ2=6.787,P=0.009)及D組76.6%差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=8.297,P=0.004),與C組30.0%差異無統(tǒng)計學意義;B組與C組差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=11.279,P=0.001),與D組差異無統(tǒng)計學意義;C組與D組差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=13.125,P=0.000)。治療3個月時,A組有效率為26.7%,與D組70%差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=11.279,P=0.001),與B組40%和C組16.7%差異無統(tǒng)計學意義;B組與C組差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=4.022,P=0.045),與D組差異無統(tǒng)計學意義,C組與D組差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=17.376,P=0.000)。其中D組降血脂效果最好,C組降血脂效果最差。見表2。
2 4組治療前后血脂水平比較 在TC、TG水平變化中,A、C組在不同治療方法和不同時間段內均存在統(tǒng)計學差異(FTC=28.982、25.048,PTC<0.05,F(xiàn)TG=20.933、10.812,PTG<0.05),HDL-C水平變化在C組均存在統(tǒng)計學差異(FHDL-C=6.565、16.045,PHDL-C<0.05)。TC、TG水平在治療1個月時出現(xiàn)下降,治療3個月時較治療前升高,HDL-C水平在治療1個月及3個月時均出現(xiàn)下降,隨時間變化TC、TG水平在A、C組存在回升和反彈現(xiàn)象,HDL-C水平在C組存在回升和反彈現(xiàn)象。見表3。
表2 4組高脂血癥患者臨床觀察期內降血脂效果比較Tab. 2 Comparison of treatment effect of patients with hyperlipidemia in four groups during clinical observation period (n)
表3 4組高脂血癥患者臨床觀察期內血脂水平比較Tab. 3 Comparison of blood lipid level of patients with hyperlipidemia in four groups during clinical observation period (mmol/L)
表4 4組高脂血癥患者臨床觀察期內腸道菌群變化Tab. 4 Changes of intestinal flora of patients with hyperlipidemia in four groups during clinical observation period (logn/g)
3 4組治療前后腸道乳酸桿菌、雙歧桿菌變化情況 A、B組治療前、治療1個月、3個月時,乳酸桿菌和雙歧桿菌腸道分布差異無統(tǒng)計學意義。C、D組治療前、治療1個月時、3個月時,乳酸桿菌和雙歧桿菌分布差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(Fc=4.127、2.809,P=0.000、0.000;Fd=1.801、2.344,P=0.033、0.004),其中C組,治療1個月時乳酸桿菌和雙歧桿菌顯著高于治療前、治療3個月時;而D組,治療1個月、3個月時乳酸桿菌和雙歧桿菌均顯著高于治療前。見表4。
腸道微生態(tài)菌群對人體能量攝入、脂肪吸收、胰島素抵抗、炎癥反應、肝纖維化等均密切相關[13-15]。被視為人體肥胖、高脂血癥的重要相關因素。具體機制包括:1)多形擬桿菌等特定腸道菌群可增加食物能量攝入率[16],且同時促進腸道內大量游離脂肪酸進入肝;2)正常優(yōu)勢菌群失調,導致定植菌群異型性和多態(tài)性增加,從而引起宿主葡萄糖吸收增多和血清胰島素含量和分泌節(jié)律異常,多種肥胖相關轉錄因子如ChREBP和SREBP-1異常增高,最終誘導肝脂肪合成增加[17];3)正常腸道菌群和腸道黏膜屏障的破壞,導致脂多糖吸收增加,而脂多糖作用于Toll樣受體4,可明顯引起胰島素抵抗和慢性炎癥反應,均可引起非高脂飲食性的血脂代謝紊亂[18-19]。國內外大量的生理基礎研究和臨床試驗已基本證實腸道菌群在人體脂肪代謝及高脂血癥發(fā)展中起到關鍵作用。
介于臨床高脂血癥發(fā)病原因的復雜性和多樣性,除常規(guī)明確病因治療及對癥降血脂藥物使用外,腸道菌群干預是否能作為一線治療措施尚未達成共識。因此,我院對120例高脂血癥患者進行臨床治療觀察,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)常規(guī)降血脂藥物阿托伐他汀及非諾貝特膠囊臨床治療效果明顯優(yōu)于非藥物性的運動、飲食治療及單純腸道菌群調節(jié)劑治療。在臨床因素的交互效應檢驗中,更可清楚發(fā)現(xiàn)非藥物性的運動、飲食治療(A組)、單純腸道菌群調節(jié)劑治療(C組)在結束為期1個月療程后,存在顯著性血脂水平波動及回升趨勢,且部分患者可回到治療前的血脂水平。降血脂藥物聯(lián)合腸道菌群調節(jié)劑(D組)雖然與單純降血脂藥物(B組)在治療1個月時,臨床有效率并未見顯著統(tǒng)計學差異,但隨著停藥時間延長,聯(lián)合腸道菌群調節(jié)劑組患者能較好維持臨床有效率,治療3個月時血脂降低有效率仍為70%,且個別血脂水平甚高患者也能到達有效降低血脂目的,與早期Kawai[20]和張磊藝等[21]的臨床研究結論基本一致。在腸道菌群變化方面,大量臨床研究已經證實[22-25],脂質代謝異常導致的腸道菌群分布變化主要涉及大腸埃希菌、乳酸桿菌及雙歧桿菌等優(yōu)勢菌群呈下降趨勢,而擬桿菌,腸球菌等非優(yōu)勢菌群豐度增高,菌群數(shù)量呈增高及多態(tài)性趨勢,且熊靜芳和傅國勝[26]研究報道腸道雙歧桿菌和乳桿菌可促進肝利用膽固醇增加膽汁酸合成,使更多的膽固醇被轉化為無法吸收的糞甾醇,達到降脂作用。因此,在本臨床研究中主要選擇的腸道菌群調節(jié)劑為乳酸桿菌和雙歧桿菌微生物制劑,通過外源性提高相關腸道菌群比例,觀察對血脂水平的影響。其中單純使用降血脂藥物治療患者(B組),腸道菌群分布并未見顯著性變化。根據腸道菌群對脂質代謝的作用,筆者有理由相信將腸道菌群調節(jié)劑作為高脂血癥治療的常規(guī)方法是具有一定臨床價值,尤其針對血脂水平過高或經飲食、運動治療后血脂水平下降不理想者,但療效是否確切還有待進一步的臨床觀察。
綜上所述,腸道菌群外源性干預可能對高脂血癥患者臨床療效起到積極作用,值得臨床廣泛關注和研究。
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Correlation of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium treatment for hyperlipidemia
YAN Zhihui, CUI Lihong, WANG Xiaohui, He Xing, LI Chao, GONG Sandong, LUO Zhe, JI Mengchen
Department of Gastroenterology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
CUI Lihong. Email: luckycui861@sina.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between clinical outcomes in patients with hyperlipidemia and the distribution of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium.MethodsFrom March 2012 to June 2014, 120 cases with hyperlipidemia (85 males, 35 females, average age of (48.1±11.6) years) in our hospital were randomly divided into four groups, and they were provided with one-month treatment. Group A were treated with low fat diet + exercise; group B were treated with lipid-lowering drug therapy; group C were treated with intestinal flora regulator treatment; group D were treated with lipid-lowering drugs + modulators. The serum lipids and intestinal flora detections were given in all patients separately before admission, 1 month after treatment, and 3 months after treatment. The lipid levels of patients in four groups, the changes of intestinal microflora and the blood lipid sustainment after treatment in different periods were analyzed and compared.ResultsThe total cholesterol (TC) of group C before treatment, 1 month and 3 months after treatment was (6.69±1.29) mmol/L, (6.18±1.04) mmol/L and (6.78±1.14) mmol/L, triglyceride (TG) was (1.91±0.32) mmol/L, (1.87±0.46) mmol/L, (1.93±0.28) mmol/L; high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was (0.91±0.35) mmol/L, (0.97±0.33) mmol/L, (0.97±0.36) mmol/L; while TC in group D was (6.79±1.39) mmol/L, (4.11±1.07) mmol/L, (4.27±1.03) mmol/L, TG: (1.90±0.55) mmol/L, (1.36±0.41) mmol/L, (1.39±0.29) mmol/L, HDL-C: (0.88±0.30) mmol/L, (1.32±0.39) mmol/L, (1.24±0.35) mmol/L. The effect of lowering blood lipid in group C was the worst (1 month 30%; 3 months 16.7%), in group D was the best (1 month 76.6%; 3 months 70%). There was rebound phenomenon of HDL-C level in group D as time changed [HDL-C: before treatment (0.88±0.30) mmol/L, 1 month (1.32±0.39) mmol/L, 3 months (0.97±0.36) mmol/L]. The Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria in group C at 1 month after treatment was significantly higher than before treatment and three months after treatment [(7.49±0.34) vs (6.85±0.26), (6.73±0.28); (9.50±0.15) vs (9.32±0.12), (9.22±0.14)], and Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria in group D at 1 month and 3 months after treatment was significantly higher than before treatment [(7.63±0.62), (7.42±0.59) vs (6.88±0.23); (9.55±0.14), (9.51±0.11) vs (9.27±0.13)].ConclusionLactobacillus and Bifidobacteriumintervention treatment has positive therapeutic effect in patients with hyperlipidemia.
intestinal microflora; hyperlipidemia; lipid-lowering therapy
R 575
A
2095-5227(2015)10-0983-05 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2015.10.006
時間:2015-08-25 10:02
http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.3275.R.20150825.1002.002.html
2015-06-15
海軍后勤科研計劃課題(CHJ12J027)
Supported by the Foundation of Logistics of Chinese Navy(CHJ12J027)
閆志輝,男,碩士,主治醫(yī)師。研究方向:消化道腫瘤、腸道疾病。Email: yisheng1018@163com
崔立紅,女,博士,主任醫(yī)師,教授,主任,博士生導師。Email: luckycui861@sina.com