孟騰騰,魏 虹,管東方,吳廣勝,張志威,齊新宇
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·論著·
姜黃素對人早幼粒白血病細胞增殖和凋亡的影響及其機制研究
孟騰騰,魏 虹,管東方,吳廣勝,張志威,齊新宇
目的 研究姜黃素對人早幼粒白血病細胞HL-60細胞增殖和凋亡的影響及其可能的作用機制。方法 將HL-60細胞設立實驗組、陰性對照組、空白對照組,實驗組分姜黃素(0、2.5、5.0、10.0、20.0、40.0 μmol/L)單獨亞組和姜黃素(0、5.0、10.0、20.0 μmol/L+30 μmol/L GANT61)聯(lián)合亞組,于作用24、48 h時觀察。采用CCK-8法檢測HL-60細胞增殖,計算細胞增殖抑制率;并評價體外聯(lián)合應用藥物對細胞毒性作用是否有協(xié)同作用;采用AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI雙染檢測細胞凋亡率。結果 姜黃素單獨亞組和姜黃素聯(lián)合亞組在24、48 h對HL-60細胞的抑制率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);培養(yǎng)至24、48 h時,5.0、10.0、20.0 μmol/L姜黃素聯(lián)合亞組分別與5.0、10.0、20.0 μmol/L單獨亞組對HL-60增殖抑制率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);培養(yǎng)至24、48 h時,10.0、20.0 μmol/L姜黃素聯(lián)合亞組與0 μmol/L姜黃素聯(lián)合亞組對HL-60增殖抑制率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。培養(yǎng)至24 h時,5.0 μmol/L姜黃素與30 μmol/L GANT61對HL-60細胞的增殖抑制率呈拮抗作用,培養(yǎng)至48 h時,呈單純相加作用;24、48 h時,10.0、20.0 μmol/L姜黃素與30 μmol/L GANT61聯(lián)合用藥對HL-60細胞的增殖抑制率均呈增強作用。培養(yǎng)至24、48 h時,姜黃素、GANT61和姜黃素+GANT61對HL-60細胞凋亡率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);其中,培養(yǎng)至24 h時,10.0、20.0 μmol/L姜黃素聯(lián)合用藥分別與10.0、20.0 μmol/L姜黃素單獨用藥對HL-60細胞凋亡率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);培養(yǎng)至48 h時,5.0、10.0、20.0 μmol/L姜黃素聯(lián)合用藥分別與5.0、10.0、20.0 μmol/L姜黃素單獨用藥對HL-60細胞凋亡率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);5.0、10.0、20.0 μmol/L姜黃素聯(lián)合用藥與GANT61單獨用藥對HL-60細胞凋亡率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。結論 姜黃素和GANT61聯(lián)合用藥對HL-60細胞增殖具有協(xié)同抑制作用,顯著促進HL-60細胞凋亡,而且與濃度和時間有關,姜黃素可能通過抑制Hedgehog信號通路而起作用。
白血病,髓樣,急性;姜黃素;GANT61;Hedgehog-Gli信號通路
姜黃素(curcumin)是一種從姜黃根莖中提取的天然化合物,具有抗氧化[1]、抗感染[2]、抗動脈粥樣硬化[3]、抗纖維化[4]、神經(jīng)保護[5]、抗腫瘤[6-7]等作用。姜黃素對人早幼粒白血病細胞HL-60細胞生長有抑制作用,并誘導細胞凋亡[8]。Hedgehog(Hh)信號通路異常活化參與多種腫瘤形成,如皮膚基底細胞癌、小腦成神經(jīng)管細胞瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、胰腺癌、結腸癌、胃癌、肺癌、前列腺癌[9]。GANT61是特異性抑制Gli轉錄的Hh-Gli信號通路抑制劑,其可以抑制薯蕷皂苷元(diosgenin)介導的HEL細胞中巨核細胞分化[10],抑制卵巢癌細胞的侵襲和遷移[11],抑制非小細胞型肺癌上皮間質(zhì)轉化[12],抑制腫瘤細胞增殖、促進其凋亡[13-14]。姜黃素通過抑制Hh信號通路進而抑制膠質(zhì)瘤細胞增殖及細胞集落形成,并顯示出濃度和時間依賴性[7]。本實驗在體外研究姜黃素單獨及與GANT61聯(lián)合用藥對HL-60細胞增殖、凋亡的影響,為今后白血病臨床用藥提供部分實驗依據(jù)。
1.1 藥物和試劑 GANT61為Selleck公司產(chǎn)品;姜黃素(純度≥94%)購于Sigma公司;RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基和胎牛血清為Gibco公司產(chǎn)品;Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8試劑盒)購自日本同仁化學研究所(Dojindo);AnnexinⅤ-FITC細胞凋亡檢測試劑盒購自南京凱基生物科技發(fā)展有限公司。
1.2 細胞株及培養(yǎng)條件 HL-60細胞購自中國科學院細胞庫。細胞培養(yǎng)采用含10%胎牛血清,1×105U/L青霉素,含1×105U/L鏈霉素的RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)液,在37 ℃,5% CO2飽和濕度培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),每48 h換液傳代1次。取生長良好,細胞活性>95%的細胞進行實驗。
1.3 方法
1.3.1 CCK-8實驗分組 將HL-60細胞設立實驗組、陰性對照組、空白對照組,每組設5個復孔,實驗組分姜黃素(0、2.5、5.0、10.0、20.0、40.0 μmol/L)單獨亞組和姜黃素(5.0、10.0、20.0 μmol/L)、GANT61(30 μmol/L)聯(lián)合亞組,陰性對照組為完全培養(yǎng)基+DMSO+HL-60細胞,空白對照組為完全培養(yǎng)基+DMSO,分別作用24、48 h。
1.3.2 CCK-8法檢測細胞增殖 取對數(shù)生長期HL-60細胞,調(diào)整細胞密度,按4.5×104/孔接種細胞于96孔板中,24 h后加入上述不同濃度的藥物,放入培養(yǎng)箱中孵育到上述各相應時間,每孔加入10 μl CCK-8溶液作用2 h,用酶標儀測450 nm處各孔的吸光度(OD)值,最后按以下公式計算各實驗組抑制率,抑制率(%)=〔1-(實驗組OD值-空白對照組OD值)/(陰性對照組OD值-空白對照組OD值)〕×100%。
1.3.3 協(xié)同作用 評價體外聯(lián)合應用藥物對細胞毒性作用是否有協(xié)同作用,參照公式判斷:Q=Ea+b/(Ea+Eb-Ea×Eb),其中Ea+b為聯(lián)合用藥抑制率,Ea和Eb分別為a藥和b藥的抑制率。式中分子代表“實測合并效應”,分母是“期望合并效應”。Q值0.86~1.15為單純相加(+),Q值1.16~2.00為增強(++),Q值0.55~0.85為拮抗(-),Q值<0.55為明顯拮抗(--)。
1.3.4 AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI雙染檢測細胞凋亡率 收集對數(shù)生長期HL-60細胞,調(diào)整細胞濃度為3×108/L,培養(yǎng)24 h后,分別單獨加入姜黃素(0、5.0、10.0、20.0 μmol/L)、GANT61(30 μmol/L)和姜黃素(5.0、10.0、20.0 μmol/L)、GANT61(30 μmol/L)聯(lián)合應用,每個濃度均設3個復孔,分別作用24、48 h后,收獲培養(yǎng)細胞,用冷PBS洗滌2次,離心去上清液。用Annexin結合液重懸細胞,調(diào)整細胞濃度為1×109/L,向細胞懸液加5 μl AnnexinⅤ-FITC混勻,4 ℃避光孵育15 min,加入10 μl PI,4 ℃避光孵育5 min,上流式細胞儀檢測。
2.1 實驗組對HL-60細胞的增殖抑制效應 姜黃素單獨亞組和姜黃素聯(lián)合亞組在24、48h對HL-60細胞的抑制率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);其中其他各濃度與0μmol/L姜黃素單獨亞組比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);培養(yǎng)至24、48h時,5.0、10.0、20.0μmol/L姜黃素聯(lián)合亞組分別與5.0、10.0、20.0μmol/LHL-60增殖抑制率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);培養(yǎng)至24、48h時,10.0、20.0μmol/L姜黃素聯(lián)合亞組與0μmol/L姜黃素聯(lián)合亞組對HL-60增殖抑制率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05,見表1)。
Table 1 Comparison of proliferation inhibition rate of HL-60 cells between curcumin single subgroups and curcumin combined subgroups
組別濃度(μmol/L)抑制率(%)24h 48h姜黃素單獨亞組0-1893±2184-2396±2366254127±2589a6495±0849a505000±1737a14340±2477a10012420±3291a32943±4172a20040997±1733a74890±6311a40057197±6202a806633±1489a姜黃素聯(lián)合亞組0+3023437±3187a28290±1960a50+3017333±2440ab37783±1558ab100+3040380±1289abc65543±2431abc200+3082693±2651abc98207±0548abcF值2606290214P值<0001<0001
注:與0 μmol/L姜黃素單獨亞組比較,aP<0.05;與同一濃度水平姜黃素單獨亞組比較,bP<0.05;與0 μmol/L姜黃素聯(lián)合亞組比較,cP<0.05
2.2 協(xié)同作用 培養(yǎng)至24 h時,5.0 μmol/L姜黃素與30 μmol/L GANT61對HL-60細胞的增殖抑制率呈拮抗作用,10.0、20.0 μmol/L姜黃素與30 μmol/L GANT61聯(lián)合用藥對HL-60細胞的增殖抑制率呈增強作用;培養(yǎng)至48 h時,5.0 μmol/L姜黃素與30 μmol/L GANT61對HL-60細胞的增殖抑制率呈單純相加作用,10.0、20.0 μmol/L姜黃素與30 μmol/L GANT61對HL-60細胞的增殖抑制率呈增強作用(見表2)。
表2 姜黃素聯(lián)合GANT61對HL-60細胞協(xié)同抗腫瘤作用
Table 2 Synergistic antitumor effect of the simultaneous administration of curcumin and GANT61 on HL-60 cells
姜黃素聯(lián)合GANT61(μmol/L)Q值24h 48h50+30065098100+30133126200+30151120
2.3 姜黃素和GANT61對HL-60細胞凋亡率的影響 培養(yǎng)至24、48 h時,姜黃素、GANT61和姜黃素+GANT61對HL-60細胞凋亡率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);其中,培養(yǎng)至24 h時,20.0 μmol/L姜黃素單獨用藥及5.0 μmol/L、10.0 μmol/L、20.0 μmol/L姜黃素聯(lián)合用藥對HL-60細胞凋亡率與0 μmol/L姜黃素單獨用藥比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);10.0、20.0 μmol/L姜黃素聯(lián)合用藥分別與10.0、20.0 μmol/L姜黃素單獨用藥對HL-60細胞凋亡率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);培養(yǎng)至48 h時,其他各濃度用藥與0 μmol/L姜黃素單獨用藥對HL-60細胞凋亡率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);5.0、10.0、20.0 μmol/L姜黃素聯(lián)合用藥分別與5.0、10.0、20.0 μmol/L姜黃素單獨用藥對HL-60細胞凋亡率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);5.0、10.0、20.0 μmol/L姜黃素聯(lián)合用藥與GANT61單獨用藥對HL-60細胞凋亡率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05,見表3)。
急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)是一類造血干細胞惡性克隆性疾病,雖然當前誘導治療完全緩解率近80%,但60%以上最終耐藥復發(fā)[15],5年總生存率不到40%。因此,研發(fā)新的化療藥物及新的聯(lián)合用藥方案尤其是敏感有效、毒副作用小且經(jīng)濟適用的化療方案成為當今研究的熱點。
姜黃素是姜黃的主要組成部分,通常被用于香料和食品著色劑,來源廣泛、價格低廉且每天應用劑量高達10 g對人體無不良反應,可通過多種不同途徑發(fā)揮良好的抗腫瘤作用,目前,已有臨床試驗應用姜黃素治療胰腺癌,多發(fā)性骨髓瘤和結腸直腸癌[16-17]。
Table 3 Comparison of apoptosis rate of HL-60 cells between the single application of curcumin,GANT61 and the combined application of them
組別濃度(μmol/L)凋亡率(%)24h 48h姜黃素單獨用藥04153±15113413±1050505497±11309787±0653a1006340±124813853±1665a20019270±1784a34187±1978aGANT61單獨用藥307543±128916443±0537a姜黃素+GANT61聯(lián)合用藥50+308710±1192a27353±0491abc100+3017000±4403abc36177±1662abc200+3040696±2143abc39643±1446abcF值10672790979P值<0001<0001
注:與0 μmol/L姜黃素單獨用藥比較,aP<0.05;與同一濃度水平姜黃素單獨用藥比較,bP<0.05;與GANT61單獨用藥比較,cP<0.05
本研究單獨應用姜黃素作用于HL-60細胞,顯示其可抑制HL-60細胞增殖、促進凋亡,且這些作用受時間和劑量影響。培養(yǎng)至24 h時,5.0 μmol/L和20.0 μmol/L姜黃素對HL-60細胞增殖抑制率分別約為5%和40%,與吳裕丹等[18]和閔旻等[19]研究結果一致。Hh信號通路轉錄因子Gli1、Gli2至少有一個持續(xù)性活化,這對腫瘤的發(fā)展非常重要[20-23]。下游Gli轉錄因子是Hh通路轉導終末階段,不同的通路活化路徑最終通過Gli發(fā)揮作用,因此,Gli特異性抑制劑比上游特異性抑制劑具有更大的適用性[9]。HL-60細胞中Hh信號通路活化不依賴轉導因子SMO,rshh和特異性SMO抑制劑cyclopamine對HL-60細胞增殖、凋亡無作用,然而30 μmol/L GANT61可抑制其增殖,促進其凋亡[24]。因此選用30 μmol/L GANT61進行實驗。竇志金等[7]研究表明,姜黃素通過抑制Hh信號通路,進而抑制膠質(zhì)瘤細胞增殖及細胞集落形成,并顯示出濃度和時間依賴性。因此本實驗通過應用GANT61阻斷HL-60細胞Hh信號通路,進而驗證姜黃素是否通過Hh信號通路對HL-60細胞的增殖、凋亡起作用。本研究結果顯示,姜黃素和GANT61聯(lián)合用藥后對HL-60細胞增殖抑制作用高于單獨應用姜黃素,聯(lián)合用藥時姜黃素濃度越高,作用時間越長,增殖抑制作用越強。在姜黃素和GANT61聯(lián)合用藥對HL-60細胞凋亡影響研究發(fā)現(xiàn),聯(lián)合用藥凋亡率高于單獨用藥。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),姜黃素通過抑制Sonic Hh信號通路,進而抑制成神經(jīng)管細胞瘤細胞增殖、促進凋亡[25],因此,筆者推測姜黃素可能是通過Hh信號通路對HL-60細胞的增殖、凋亡發(fā)揮作用,但其具體作用機制仍有待進一步研究。
姜黃素抗癌機制復雜,至今未完全清楚,但其抗瘤的作用已得到大量研究證實。隨著研究的不斷深入,其可能在治療白血病領域形成一個新熱點。
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(本文編輯:賈萌萌)
Influence of Curcumin on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of HL-60 Cells and Its Mechanism
MENGTeng-teng,WEIHong,GUANDong-fang,etal.
DepartmentofHistologyandEmbryology,CollegeofMedicine,ShiheziUniversity,Shihezi832002,China
Objective To investigate the influence of curcumin on the proliferation and apoptosis of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells and its possible mechanism.Methods We divided the included HL-60 cells into trial group,negative control group and blank control group.The trial group was further divided into single subgroups(0,2.5,5.0,10.0,20.0,40.0 μmol/L curcumin)and combined subgroups(5.0,10.0,20.0 μmol/L curcumin+30 μmol/L GANT61).Observations were conducted 24 hours and 48 hours after the trial began.CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation of HL-60 cells,and the proliferation inhibition rate was calculated.In vitro combined application of medicines was investigated to observe whether synergistic effect exists.AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI double-stained method was employed to detect the apoptosis rate of cells.Results The single subgroup and combined subgroup were significantly different(P<0.05)in 24 h and 48 h inhibition rates;the 5.0,10.0 and 20.0 μmol/L combined subgroups were significantly different from 5.0,10.0 and 20.0 μmol/L single subgroups in 24 h and 48 h proliferation inhibition rates;10.0 and 20.0 μmol/L combined subgroups and 0 μmol/L combined subgroup were significantly different(P<0.05)in 24 h and 48 h inhibition rates.Antagonistic effect occurred in the combined subgroup with 5.0 μmol/L curcumin+30 μmol/L GANT61 on 24 h proliferation inhabitation rate,and pure additive effect occurred in this group on 48 h proliferation inhabitation rate;potentiation occurred in the combined subgroups with 10.0 or 20.0 μmol/L+30 μmol/L GANT61 on 24 h and 48 h proliferation inhabitation rates.Curcumin,GANT61 and curcumin+GANT61 were significantly different(P<0.05)in the effect on 24 h and 48 h apoptosis rates;the 10.0 and 20.0 μmol/L combined subgroups were significantly different(P<0.05)from 10.0 and 20.0 μmol/L single subgroups in 24 h apoptosis rate;the 5.0,10.0 and 20.0 μmol/L combined subgroups were significantly different(P<0.05)from 5.0,10.0 and 20.0 μmol/L single subgroups in 48 h apoptosis rate;the combined application of 5.0,10.0 or 20.0 μmol/L curcumin+GANT61 was significantly different(P<0.05)from the single use of GANT61 in apoptosis rate.Conclusion The combined application of curcumin and GANT61 has synergistic inhibition effect on the proliferation of HL-60 cells and obviously speeds up the apoptosis of HL-60 cells.Its efficacy has correlation with concentration and time.Curcumin may take effects by inhibiting Hedgehog signaling pathway.
Leukemia,myeloid,acute;Curcumin;GANT61;Hedgehog-Gli signaling pathway
國家自然科學基金資助項目(81460024);石河子大學優(yōu)秀青年項目(2013ZRKXYQ26)
832002新疆石河子市,石河子大學醫(yī)學院組織胚胎學教研室(孟騰騰,魏虹,管東方,張志威);石河子大學醫(yī)學院第一附屬醫(yī)院血液風濕科(吳廣勝);石河子大學醫(yī)學院(齊新宇)
魏虹,832002新疆石河子市,石河子大學醫(yī)學院組織胚胎學教研室;E-mail:weihong-2@163.com
R 733.72
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2015.23.013
2015-04-28;
2015-06-06)
孟騰騰,魏虹,管東方,等.姜黃素對人早幼粒白血病細胞增殖和凋亡的影響及其機制研究[J].中國全科醫(yī)學,2015,18(23):2800-2804.[www.chinagp.net]
Meng TT,Wei H,Guan DF,et al.Influence of curcumin on the proliferation and apoptosis of HL-60 cells and Its mechanism[J].Chinese General Practice,2015,18(23):2800-2804.