馬榮國(guó)465550河南省新縣人民醫(yī)院
胸部CT檢查對(duì)乳腺癌臨床早期診斷的價(jià)值分析
馬榮國(guó)
465550河南省新縣人民醫(yī)院
目的:探討胸部CT檢查對(duì)乳腺癌臨床早期診斷的臨床價(jià)值。方法:收治乳腺癌患者60例,所有患者均經(jīng)針吸細(xì)胞學(xué)檢查或手術(shù)病理證實(shí)。所有患者均采用雙層螺旋CT檢查,分析檢查結(jié)果。結(jié)果:早期乳腺癌的CT影像學(xué)特征,本組60例早期乳腺癌病理類型:小管癌3例,小葉癌3例,單純癌4例,導(dǎo)管內(nèi)癌13例,浸潤(rùn)性導(dǎo)管癌37例。早期乳腺癌的主要影像學(xué)征象:腫塊有毛刺影,長(zhǎng)短不一,偶見(jiàn)偽足,形腫塊狀不規(guī)則,質(zhì)地不均勻且有明顯鈣化,見(jiàn)局部皮膚增厚,鈣化灶呈泥沙樣、針尖樣或條索樣,若侵犯胸壁可見(jiàn)腫塊周圍腺體密度增高、腋下淋巴結(jié)腫大、乳腺后脂肪間隙完全消失。結(jié)論:胸部CT檢查具有靈敏度高、檢查無(wú)痛苦,是診斷早期乳腺癌的重要手段之一。
胸部CT檢查;早期乳腺癌;診斷價(jià)值
近年來(lái),乳腺癌(Breast cancer)的發(fā)病率呈上升趨勢(shì)[1],嚴(yán)重威脅女性的身心健康,早期診斷對(duì)治療的效果有著重要的臨床意義。胸部CT檢查具有無(wú)痛苦、可重復(fù)性好等優(yōu)點(diǎn),逐步應(yīng)用于乳腺癌的早期診斷中。為探討胸部CT檢查對(duì)乳腺癌臨床早期診斷的臨床價(jià)值,對(duì)2014 年6月-2015年3月收治乳腺癌患者60例進(jìn)行回顧性分析,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
2014年6月-2015年3月收治乳腺癌患者60例,均經(jīng)針吸細(xì)胞學(xué)檢查或手術(shù)病理證實(shí),病理類型:小管癌(Tubular carcinoma)3例,小葉癌(Lobular carcinoma)3例,單純癌(Simple cancer)4例,導(dǎo)管內(nèi)癌(Intraductal carcinoma)13例,浸潤(rùn)性導(dǎo)管癌(Infiltrating ductal carcinoma)37例,TNM分期:Ⅰ期40例,Ⅱa期20例。腋窩淋巴結(jié)觸診均呈陰性,年齡30~63歲,平均43.3歲,均為單側(cè)乳腺癌,觸診陰性18例,觸診陽(yáng)性42例。
方法:所有患者均采用雙層螺旋CT檢查?;颊唧w位:首先讓患者取俯臥位,墊起上半身,將雙手臂交替置于頭頂,使乳腺豎直下垂。掃描順序:腋窩-乳房下界。掃描參數(shù)120 kV,電流230 mAs,層間距5mm,層厚5mm,512× 512矩陣,窗位-30~30HU,窗寬350~500HU[2]。
早期乳腺癌的CT影像學(xué)特征:本組60例早期乳腺癌病理類型:小管癌3例,小葉癌,3例,單純癌4例,導(dǎo)管內(nèi)癌13例,浸潤(rùn)性導(dǎo)管癌37例。早期乳腺癌的主要影像學(xué)征象:腫塊有毛刺影,長(zhǎng)短不一,偶見(jiàn)偽足,呈腫塊狀、不規(guī)則:如扁平狀腫塊、類圓形或不規(guī)則形,質(zhì)地不均勻且有明顯鈣化,見(jiàn)局部皮膚增厚,鈣化灶呈泥沙樣、針尖樣或條索樣。若侵犯胸壁,可見(jiàn)腫塊周圍腺體密度增高、腋下淋巴結(jié)腫大、乳腺后脂肪間隙完全消失。
目前診斷乳腺癌主要的影像學(xué)方法有X線、磁共振、CT、超聲等。X線操作簡(jiǎn)單,但是對(duì)不典型的、致密性病變、靠近胸壁的病變識(shí)別能力較差。超聲可以鑒別腫塊的囊性或?qū)嵭?,但是?duì)于小腫塊、微小鈣化顯示不理想。磁共振雖然敏感性和特異性都較高,但是價(jià)格昂貴、檢測(cè)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),容易受呼吸偽影的影響,因此并不是臨床常規(guī)的檢測(cè)方法。CT檢查對(duì)乳腺癌的診斷敏感度及特異度均較高,檢查過(guò)程無(wú)創(chuàng)[3],結(jié)果重復(fù)性高,操作簡(jiǎn)便,是臨床診斷乳腺癌的有效檢查方法。目前,顯示乳腺癌腫塊的形態(tài)、大小、密度、數(shù)量、位置、邊緣和腫塊周圍改變等直接征象為診斷依據(jù)。早期乳腺癌患者大多由于腫塊或結(jié)節(jié)較小,表面觸診較難發(fā)現(xiàn)而導(dǎo)致漏診,特別是微小鈣化灶的早期乳腺癌,文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道發(fā)現(xiàn)率極低[4]。目前,CT檢查對(duì)不規(guī)則的腫塊影像或者結(jié)節(jié)影像的表征是其獲得臨床重視的主要原因之一。
本組資料結(jié)果顯示,60例早期乳腺癌病理類型:小管癌3例,小葉癌,3例,單純癌4例,導(dǎo)管內(nèi)癌13例,浸潤(rùn)性導(dǎo)管癌37例。早期乳腺癌的影像學(xué)征象主要為:腫塊有毛刺影,長(zhǎng)短不一,偶見(jiàn)偽足,形腫塊狀不規(guī)則:如扁平狀腫塊、類圓形或不規(guī)則形,質(zhì)地不均勻且有明顯鈣化,見(jiàn)局部皮膚增厚,鈣化灶呈泥沙樣、針尖樣或條索樣,若侵犯胸壁可見(jiàn),腫塊周圍腺體密度增高、腋下淋巴結(jié)腫大、乳腺后脂肪間隙完全消失。由此可見(jiàn),胸部CT檢查具有靈敏度高、檢查無(wú)痛苦的特點(diǎn),是診斷早期乳腺癌的重要手段之一。
[1] Harbeck N,Schmitt M,Meisner C,et al.Ten-year analysis of the prospectivemulticentre Chemo-N0 trial validates American Society ofClinicalOncology(ASCO)-recommended biomarkers uPA and PAI-1 for therapy decision making in node-negative breast cancer patients[J].European Journal ofCancer,2013,49(8):1825-1835.
[2] 姜建松,羅艷,李敏,等.CR鉬靶、多層螺旋CT聯(lián)合細(xì)針穿刺對(duì)早期小乳腺癌診斷的作用[J].實(shí)用臨床醫(yī)學(xué),2010,11(4):77-78.
[3] Barry PA,Schiavon G,MacNeill FA.Letter to the editor on'Factors associated with surgicalmanagement following neoadjuvant therapy in patientswith primary HER2-positive breast cancer:results from the NeoALTTO phaseⅢtrial'[J].Annalsofoncology,2014,25 (4):909-910.
[4] vonminckwitz G,RezaiM,Fasching PA,etal.Survival after adding capecitabine and trastuzumab to neoadjuvant anthracycline-taxane-based chemotherapy for primary breast cancer(GBG 40-GeparQuattro)[J].AnnalsofOncology,2014,25(1):81-89.
The value of chest CT scan for early diagnosis of breast cancer
Ma Rongguo
The People's HospitalofXin County,Henan Province 465550
Objective:To explore the value of chest CT scan for early diagnosis of breast cancer.Methods:60 patientswith breast cancer were selected.All patients were diagnosed by needle aspiration cytology or surgical pathology.All patients were given double helicalCT examination,and we analyzed the results of the examination.Results:CT imaging features ofearly breast cancer:early breast cancer pathological type of 60 cases in this group:3 cases of tubular carcinoma,3 cases of small tumor,4 cases of simple carcinoma,13 cases of catheter carcinoma,37 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma.Imaging appearances of early breast cancer:themass had burr shadow,the length was different,pseudopod were rare,occasionally pseudopodia and swollen lump shape were irregular,the texture was not uniform and it had calcification.The local skin was thickened,and the calcification was the sediment sample,the needle tip sample or the cord like.If the tumor invaded the chestwall,the density of the gland around the tumor increased,the axillary lymph nodes were enlarged,and the fat clearance after the mammary gland was disappeared completely.Conclusion:Chest CT examination had high sensitivity and therewas no pain.Itwas one of the importantmethods for diagnosisofearly breastcancer.
ChestCTexamination;Early breastcancer;Diagnostic value
10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2015.28.70