秦 璠,侯俊秀
B7-H1在惡性腫瘤中的表達進展
秦 璠,侯俊秀
B7-H1(B7 homolog 1)是免疫調(diào)節(jié)分子B7家族的一個成員,主要分布在心臟、胎盤、肺、脾、淋巴結(jié)、胸腺、腎、骨骼肌和胎肝組織中。B7-H1在多種腫瘤細胞上廣泛高表達,它與免疫細胞上的程序性死亡分子-1結(jié)合后,啟動caspase級聯(lián)反應(yīng)誘導(dǎo)免疫細胞的凋亡,導(dǎo)致腫瘤免疫逃逸的發(fā)生。近年來,有關(guān)B7-H1在某一惡性腫瘤中的表達以及它與臨床病理、預(yù)后和免疫學(xué)因素的相關(guān)性報道諸多。作者通過總結(jié)分析近年來的相關(guān)文獻,對B7-H1在一些常見惡性腫瘤中的表達進展作一綜述。
B7-H1;惡性腫瘤;表達
B7-H1(B7 homolog 1)[1],又稱程序性死亡配體1(programmed death-ligand 1,PD-L1)或CD274,是一種Ⅰ型跨膜糖蛋白,含有290個氨基酸,由細胞外區(qū)、疏水跨膜區(qū)及含30個氨基酸的細胞質(zhì)區(qū)組成。其中,細胞外區(qū)含1個免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin,Ig)V樣區(qū)、1個IgC樣區(qū),其細胞外區(qū)與B7-1、B7-2的同源性分別為20%和15%。B7-H1的表達以及它與臨床病理、預(yù)后和免疫學(xué)因素的相關(guān)性已經(jīng)在多種人類惡性腫瘤中被報道,包括肺、肝、結(jié)腸直腸、胰腺、乳腺、宮頸、鼻咽部、食管、腎、皮膚等[2-6]。B7-H1在癌癥中的過度表達與這些惡性腫瘤的不良預(yù)后和抵抗抗癌治療有關(guān)。作者對B7-H1在一些常見惡性腫瘤中的表達進展作一綜述。
1.1 肺癌 Konishi等[7]在52例非小細胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者冰凍組織樣本中首次證實了B7-H1的表達(100%),腺癌和鱗狀上皮細胞癌都表達B7-H1,這種表達在腫瘤細胞的細胞膜和細胞質(zhì)中以分散的方式被觀察到。然而,B7-H1的表達與臨床病理因素和患者的生存期沒有相關(guān)性。其中5例腫瘤浸潤淋巴細胞(tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes,TILs)的密集度與B7-H1陽性腫瘤部位呈負相關(guān)。隨后,在2011年,Mu等[8]報道了109例NSCLC的患者石蠟包埋樣本中58例(53%)有B7-H1表達;腺癌中的B7-H1陽性細胞比鱗狀上皮細胞癌更豐富,它的表達與肺葉切除術(shù)后生存期不到3年有關(guān)。
Boland等[9]證實了在214例鱗狀上皮細胞的NSCLC患者石蠟包埋樣本中有42例(20%)表達B7-H1。腫瘤中的B7-H1主要在細胞膜中表達,在細胞質(zhì)中極低,然而這種表達與臨床預(yù)后無顯著相關(guān)性,進一步的研究表明B7-H1在鱗狀上皮細胞的NSCLC冰凍樣本中的表達很低。
1.2 肝細胞癌 Gao等[10]在204例肝細胞癌(hepa-tocellular carcinoma,HCC)石蠟包埋樣本中研究了B7-H1的表達,瘤內(nèi)的B7-H1表達對于無病生存期是一個獨立的預(yù)后因素。B7-H1陽性患者的術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險可能是B7-H1陰性患者的2倍多。B7-H1陽性的樣本有更多的血管浸潤腫瘤。B7-H1的表達被證實與叉頭狀轉(zhuǎn)錄因子(forkhead box P3,F(xiàn)oxP3)正調(diào)控TILs相關(guān)。TILs是一個抑制癌癥免疫反應(yīng)的免疫調(diào)節(jié)T細胞群。同年,Wu等[11]報道了71例HCC中35例(49%)有B7-H1高表達,而B7-H1高表達患者的生存率低于低表達患者。
Geng等[12]在60例HCC樣本中發(fā)現(xiàn)了mRNA和蛋白質(zhì)層面的B7-H1高表達,這種表達與腫瘤細胞中白介素(interleukin,IL)-10的上調(diào)呈正相關(guān)。IL-10是一個抑制癌癥免疫反應(yīng)的免疫調(diào)節(jié)細胞因子。同年,Wang等[13]報道了26例冰凍HCC樣本中有24例(93%)B7-H1表達,與較早的腫瘤分期呈正相關(guān),而未發(fā)現(xiàn)與腫瘤分級有顯著相關(guān)性。
Chen等[14]在63例HCC樣本腫瘤細胞的細胞膜和細胞質(zhì)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了29例(46%)有B7-H1高表達。B7-H1的高表達與腫瘤相關(guān)巨噬細胞群的滲透呈正相關(guān),而這種巨噬細胞群是一個已知的抑制癌癥免疫反應(yīng)的細胞群。
1.3 結(jié)直腸癌 Dong等[15]最初在19例結(jié)直腸癌患者冰凍樣本的免疫組化分析中發(fā)現(xiàn)10例(53%)有B7-H1存在。
Xiao等[16]在石蠟包埋的結(jié)直腸癌樣本中發(fā)現(xiàn)了通過原位雜交在TILs中B7-H1分子。B7-H1在腫瘤細胞中的表達水平顯著高于在TILs中表達。結(jié)直腸癌的轉(zhuǎn)移與B7-H1在腫瘤細胞和TILs的表達水平增加相關(guān)。此外,B7-H1在TILs的表達與腫瘤浸潤的程度和深度顯著相關(guān)。該研究表明,B7-H1高表達可能參與了結(jié)直腸癌患者TILs的凋亡,從而促進了腫瘤細胞的免疫逃逸。
Hua等[17]在33例結(jié)直腸癌樣本中發(fā)現(xiàn)15例(45%)有B7-H1高表達。B7-H1的表達與腫瘤巢和腫瘤間質(zhì)中的CD3+TILs密度呈顯著負相關(guān)。B7-H1高表達組的CD4+FoxP3+和CD8+FoxP3+Tregs密度顯著高于B7-H1低表達組。其他的臨床病理因素未被證實。
1.4 腎細胞癌 腎細胞癌(renal cell carcinoma,RCC)是世界上第三大最常見的癌癥,該病通常是早期無癥狀,但高度轉(zhuǎn)移。Thompson等[18]在196例冰凍RCC樣本的腫瘤細胞和TILs中發(fā)現(xiàn)130例(66%)有B7-H1表達,瘤內(nèi)B7-H1的高表達與不良病理特征顯著相關(guān),包括更高的核級、局部的淋巴結(jié)受累、組織的腫瘤壞死和遠處轉(zhuǎn)移。TILs或腫瘤中B7-H1高表達的RCC患者病死數(shù)可能是B7-H1低表達的4.5倍。2005年,他們報道在26例冰凍RCC腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移樣本的腫瘤細胞和TILs中發(fā)現(xiàn)17例(65%)有B7-H1表達[19]。B7-H1在腫瘤和(或)TILs中的高表達與病死風(fēng)險的增加呈正相關(guān)。2006年,他們又報道在306例石蠟包埋RCC腫瘤樣本中有73例(24%)B7-H1的表達與不良的病理性特征呈正相關(guān),包括晚期的臨床腫瘤分期、腫瘤大小的增加、高核級和凝固性腫瘤壞死,B7-H1陽性RCC患者病死數(shù)可能是B7-H1陰性的4倍,B7-H1的表達與轉(zhuǎn)移的進展呈正相關(guān)[20]。
Krambeck等[21]在298例石蠟包埋RCC樣本中發(fā)現(xiàn)70例(24%)B7-H1陽性RCC患者病死數(shù)可能是B7-H1陰性的4倍,B7-H1的表達與RCC的病死率有獨立相關(guān)性。
1.5 黑色素瘤 黑色素瘤是皮膚癌中最致命的。Hino等[22]在59例石蠟包埋黑色素瘤樣本中發(fā)現(xiàn)34例(58%)有B7-H1高表達,B7-H1高表達組的腫瘤厚度比低表達組更厚,腫瘤晚期比腫瘤早期有更高的B7-H1表達,有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的患者比沒有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的患者有更高的B7-H1表達,B7-H1高表達組比低表達組的生存期更短。因此,B7-H1表達是一個整體生存期預(yù)測指標(biāo)。
Gadiot等[23]在63例石蠟包埋黑色素瘤患者樣本中發(fā)現(xiàn)衛(wèi)星轉(zhuǎn)移瘤(25%)和中途轉(zhuǎn)移瘤(40%)的B7-H1陽性染色更強。B7-H1表達被認(rèn)為是加快了疾病的進展。
Taube等[24]發(fā)現(xiàn)150例石蠟包埋黑色素瘤患者樣本中57例(38%)有B7-H1表達。B7-H1表達與炎性浸潤有顯著相關(guān)性,腫瘤厚度和臨床腫瘤分期在內(nèi)的臨床病理因素與B7-H1表達沒有相關(guān)性。轉(zhuǎn)移性黑色素瘤患者B7-H1的表達與生存期的顯著提高相關(guān),而這個結(jié)論可能會造成誤導(dǎo)。因為包含在該項研究中的43%的轉(zhuǎn)移性黑色素瘤患者已經(jīng)接受了系統(tǒng)的免疫治療,包括大劑量的IL-2、干擾素(interferon,IFN)-α、抗程序性死亡分子-1(programmed death-1,PD-1)單克隆抗體/疫苗的單一或聯(lián)合治療。B7-H1在未經(jīng)治療黑色素瘤患者冰凍樣本免疫逃逸中的作用以及與黑色素瘤患者整個生存期的相關(guān)性尚待進一步研究。
1.6 甲狀腺癌 近年來,甲狀腺癌的發(fā)病率逐漸增加。Cunha等[25]通過免疫組化及定量聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)的方法在407例甲狀腺結(jié)節(jié)患者中研究了B7-H1的表達,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)惡性組織相比良性組織表達更高的B7-H1染色和更高的mRNA水平(兩者P<0.000 1),B7-H1蛋白水平的升高與CD4+、CD8+、CD20+、FoxP3+淋巴細胞(P<0.05)、腫瘤相關(guān)巨噬細胞(P<0.000 1)以及骨髓衍生的抑制細胞(P=0.032 56)的存在有關(guān),Ⅱ~Ⅳ期患者表達的B7-H1 mRNA水平比Ⅰ期更高(P=0.035 22),而在淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的病例中B7-H1蛋白顯示低表達(P=0.015 2)。
2.1 適應(yīng)性免疫反應(yīng)激活的經(jīng)典機制 樹突狀細胞(dendritic cells,DCs)是啟動免疫反應(yīng)的抗原提呈細胞(antigen presenting cells,APCs)中最關(guān)鍵的[26]。未成熟的DCs存在于非淋巴組織中,表達主要組織相容性復(fù)合體(major histocompatibility complex,MHC)-Ⅱ和其他共刺激分子[27]。DCs上調(diào)細胞表面的MHC-Ⅱ分子,并移動到來自外來物或其他危險相關(guān)分子刺激的淋巴組織上。此階段,可能遇到幼稚T細胞。幼稚CD4+輔助T細胞的活化需要與成熟DCs上抗原提呈的MHC-Ⅱ的T細胞受體(T cell receptor,TCR)結(jié)合,同時CD8+細胞毒素T淋巴細胞的活化需要與APCs上抗原提呈的MHC-Ⅰ的TCR結(jié)合[28]。這叫做第1信號。第1信號之后,另一個協(xié)同刺激信號是T細胞誘導(dǎo)有效的免疫應(yīng)答和隨后誘導(dǎo)靶細胞凋亡所需的[29]。CD28是一個主要的協(xié)同刺激受體,在CD4+輔助T細胞和CD8+CTLs上表達[29-30]。同時成功產(chǎn)生第1信號和包含在CD28上的共刺激配體,B7-1(也叫CD80)或B7-2(也叫CD86),在DCs/APCs上產(chǎn)生第2信號[31]。第2信號通過降低TCR發(fā)出信號的閾值刺激T細胞,它是通過免疫突觸的形成觸發(fā)IL-2產(chǎn)生和上調(diào)保護來自細胞凋亡T細胞的Bcl-X2抗細胞凋亡蛋白完成的[32-33]。隨后,T細胞的增殖與細胞毒素和細胞溶解分子的分泌引起腫瘤/靶細胞死亡,例如穿孔素和顆粒酶[31]。
2.2 B7-H1的上調(diào)和免疫反應(yīng)的抑制 缺乏第2信號使T細胞無活性[33]。局部組織中APCs上B7-H1表達的持續(xù)抗原提呈導(dǎo)致T細胞上的PD-1上調(diào)[34]。隨后B7-H1/PD-1通過含有Src同源2結(jié)構(gòu)域的酪氨酸磷酸酶-1和Src同源2結(jié)構(gòu)域的酪氨酸磷酸酶-2的相互作用抑制TCR的信號傳遞[35]。這些酶傳達了一個終止信號,因此限制了T細胞上APCs/DCs的相互作用[36]。這種高表達和抑制分子的相互作用,通過損害它們的新陳代謝、抑制Bcl-X2抗細胞凋亡蛋白的釋放[32-33]、損害效應(yīng)器細胞因子(如IL-2和IFN-γ)的產(chǎn)生和T細胞的增殖,導(dǎo)致T細胞衰竭和(或)細胞凋亡[34,37-38]。B7-H1/PD-1軸也被證實通過促進抑制效應(yīng)器細胞因子產(chǎn)生和T細胞增殖[39-40],增加了局部組織環(huán)境里的 FoxP3+Tregs的數(shù)量[41],更進一步抑制免疫反應(yīng)。B7-H1阻斷被證實是保護調(diào)節(jié)性T細胞介導(dǎo)的免疫調(diào)節(jié),表明了B7-H1在調(diào)節(jié)性T細胞的生成和免疫調(diào)節(jié)功能中的關(guān)鍵作用[42]。
腫瘤位點通常裝載著TILs[43],從邏輯上講,這應(yīng)該有助于免疫系統(tǒng)在腫瘤細胞的清除。甚至T細胞、骨髓DCs和自然殺傷細胞的浸潤在卵巢癌[44]和胃癌[45]患者中與一個良好的預(yù)后相關(guān)。然而,這個因素也與B7-H1陽性的RCC患者的一個不良預(yù)后有關(guān)[46]。此外,B7-H1陽性與腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移和增加RCC患者病死風(fēng)險相關(guān)。因此,雖然腫瘤細胞可能利用B7-H1的表達來戰(zhàn)勝TILs介導(dǎo)的免疫反應(yīng),但B7-H1表達是TILs伴有不良預(yù)后的原因[43]。
2.3 通過腫瘤細胞上調(diào)B7-H1的機制 腫瘤細胞通過2種作用機制表達B7-H1,即固有免疫抵抗和適應(yīng)性免疫抵抗[47]。固有免疫抵抗相當(dāng)于在腫瘤細胞中通過致癌信號通路使B7-H1上調(diào)。比如,在淋巴瘤和肺癌中發(fā)出信號的間變性淋巴因子通過信號傳導(dǎo)與轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子3發(fā)出信號上調(diào)B7-H1[48]。
適應(yīng)性免疫抵抗指的是PD-1配體的利用,通過腫瘤細胞上的B7-H1逃避內(nèi)源性免疫應(yīng)答[47]。B7-H1的表達通常是為了保護一個組織免受免疫攻擊。然而,癌細胞利用它來保護自己免受細胞溶解。腫瘤細胞的適應(yīng)性免疫抵抗被認(rèn)為通常是IFN,尤其是IFN-γ誘發(fā)B7-H1表達[49]。雖然IFN-γ有預(yù)防病毒感染的作用,但它也在非淋巴組織中上調(diào)B7-H1的表達[50]。IFN-γ通過誘發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子和干擾素調(diào)節(jié)因子-1的表達,發(fā)揮著抑制免疫力的作用。干擾素調(diào)節(jié)因子-1上有B7-H1基因的啟動區(qū),導(dǎo)致B7-H1基因表達[51]。因此,IFN-γ在自身免疫環(huán)境中的益處和它在腫瘤免疫耐受中的作用可能在一定程度上歸因于B7-H1在炎癥性位點的上調(diào),它通過B7-H1/PD-1相互作用破壞免疫應(yīng)答。
B7-H1的表達已經(jīng)在多種惡性腫瘤中被報道,B7-H1的表達與惡性腫瘤的臨床病理、預(yù)后和免疫學(xué)因素存在相關(guān)性。因此,檢測腫瘤細胞表面B7-H1的表達水平對預(yù)測腫瘤預(yù)后會有一定的參考價值。同時,若對B7-H1通路進行靶向干預(yù),也可在一定程度上對傳統(tǒng)的抗癌治療起到輔助作用。
[1]Dong H,Zhu G,Tamada K,et al.B7-H1,a third member of the B7 family,co-stimulates T-cell proliferation and interleukin-10 secretion[J].Nat Med,1999,5(12):1365-1369.
[2]Wang L,Ma Q,Chen X,et al.Clinical significance of B7-H1 and B7-1 expressions in pancreatic carcinoma[J]. World J Surg,2010,34(5):1059-1065.
[3]Hasan A,Ghebeh H,Lehe C,et al.Therapeutic targeting of B7-H1 in breast cancer[J].Expert Opin Ther Targets,2011,15(10):1211-1225.
[4]Karim R,Jordanova ES,Piersma SJ,et al.Tumor-expressed B7-H1 and B7-DC in relation to PD-1+T-cell infiltration and survival of patients with cervical carcinoma[J].Clin Cancer Res,2009,15(20):6341-6347.
[5]Hsu MC,Hsiao JR,Chang KC,et al.Increase of programmed death-1-expressing intratumoral CD8 T cells predicts a poor prognosis for nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. Mod Pathol,2010,23(10):1393-1403.
[6]Loos M,Langer R,Schuster T,et al.Clinical significance of the costimulatory molecule B7-H1 in Barrett carcinoma [J].Ann Thorac Surg,2011,91(4):1025-1031.
[7]Konishi J,Yamazaki K,Azuma M,et al.B7-H1 expression on non-small cell lung cancer cells and its relationship with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and their PD-1 expression[J].Clin Cancer Res,2004,10(15):5094-5100.
[8]Mu CY,Huang JA,Chen Y,et al.High expression of PDL1 in lung cancer may contribute to poor prognosis and tumor cells immune escape through suppressing tumor infiltrating dendritic cells maturation[J].Med Oncol,2011,28(3):682-688.
[9]Boland JM,Kwon ED,Harrington SM,et al.Tumor B7-H1 and B7-H3 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung[J].Clin Lung Cancer,2013,14(2):157-163.
[10]Gao Q,Wang XY,Qiu SJ,et al.Overexpression of PD-L1 significantly associates with tumor aggressiveness and postoperative recurrence in human hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Clin Cancer Res,2009,15(3):971-979.
[11]Wu K,Kryczek I,Chen L,et al.Kupffer cell suppression of CD8+T cells in human hepatocellular carcinoma is mediated by B7-H1/programmed death-1 interactions[J]. Cancer Res,2009,69(20):8067-8075.
[12]Geng L,Deng J,Jiang G,et al.B7-H1 up-regulated expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissue:correlation with tumor interleukin-10 levels[J].Hepatogastroenterology,2011,58(107/108):960-964.
[13]Wang BJ,Bao JJ,Wang JZ,et al.Immunostaining of PD-1/ PD-Ls in liver tissues of patients with hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma[J].World J Gastroenterol,2011,17 (28):3322-3329.
[14]Chen J,Li G,Meng H,et al.Upregulation of B7-H1 expression is associated with macrophage infiltration in hepatocellular carcinomas[J].Cancer Immunol Immunother,2012,61(1):101-108.
[15]Dong H,Strome SE,Salomao DR,et al.Tumor-associated B7-H1 promotes T-cell apoptosis:a potential mechanism of immune evasion[J].Nat Med,2002,8(8):793-800.
[16]Xiao JX,Bai PS,Lai BC,et al.B7 molecule mRNA expression in colorectal carcinoma[J].World J Gastroenterol,2005,11(36):5655-5658.
[17]Hua D,Sun J,Mao Y,et al.B7-H1 expression is associated with expansion of regulatory T cells in colorectal carcinoma[J].World J Gastroenterol,2012,18(9):971-978.
[18]Thompson RH,Gillett MD,Cheville JC,et al.Costimulatory B7-H1 in renal cell carcinoma patients:indicator of tumor aggressiveness and potential therapeutic target[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2004,101(49):17174-17179.
[19]Thompson RH,Gillett MD,Cheville JC,et al.Costimulatory molecule B7-H1 in primary and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma[J].Cancer,2005,104(10):2084-2091.
[20]Thompson RH,Kuntz SM,Leibovich BC,et al.Tumor B7-H1 is associated with poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma patients with long-term follow-up[J].Cancer Res,2006,66(7):3381-3385.
[21]Krambeck AE,Dong H,Thompson RH,et al.Survivin and b7-h1 are collaborative predictors of survival and represent potential therapeutic targets for patients with renal cell carcinoma[J].Clin Cancer Res,2007,13(6):1749-1756.
[22]Hino R,Kabashima K,Kato Y,et al.Tumor cell expression of programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 is a prognostic factor for malignant melanoma[J].Cancer,2010,116(7):1757-1766.
[23]Gadiot J,Hooijkaas AI,Kaiser AD,et al.Overall survival and PD-L1 expression in metastasized malignant melanoma[J].Cancer,2011,117(10):2192-2201.
[24]Taube JM,Anders RA,Young GD,et al.Colocalization of inflammatory response with B7-h1 expression in human melanocytic lesions supports an adaptive resistance mechanism of immune escape[J].Sci Transl Med,2012,4 (127):127ra37.
[25]Cunha LL,Marcello MA,Morari EC,et al.Differentiated thyroid carcinomas may elude the immune system by B7H1 upregulation[J].Endocr Relat Cancer,2013,20 (1):103-110.
[26]Bell D,Chomarat P,Broyles D,et al.In breast carcinoma tissue,immature dendritic cells reside within the tumor,whereas mature dendritic cells are located in peritumoral areas[J].J Exp Med,1999,190(10):1417-1426.
[27]Lutz MB,Kurts C.Induction of peripheral CD4+T-cell tolerance and CD8+T-cell cross-tolerance by dendritic cells [J].Eur J Immunol,2009,39(9):2325-2330.
[28]Inman BA,F(xiàn)rigola X,Dong H,et al.Costimulation,coinhibition and cancer[J].Curr Cancer Drug Targets,2007,7 (1):15-30.
[29]Greenwald RJ,F(xiàn)reeman GJ,Sharpe AH.The B7 family revisited[J].Annu Rev Immunol,2005,23:515-548.
[30]Lenschow DJ,Walunas TL,Bluestone JA.CD28/B7 system of T cell costimulation[J].Annu Rev Immunol,1996,14: 233-258.
[31]Dermime S,Aljurf MD.Current advances,problems and prospects for vaccine-based immunotherapy in follicular non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Leuk Lymphoma,2005,46 (4):497-507.
[32]Salomon B,Bluestone JA.Complexities of CD28/B7: CTLA-4 costimulatorypathwaysin autoimmunityand transplantation[J].Annu Rev Immunol,2001,19:225-252.
[33]Foell J,Hewes B,Mittler RS.T cell costimulatory and inhibitory receptors as therapeutic targets for inducing antitumor immunity[J].Curr Cancer Drug Targets,2007,7 (1):55-70.
[34]Hofmeyer KA,Jeon H,Zang X.The PD-1/PD-L1(B7-H1)pathway in chronic infection-induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte exhaustion[J].J Biomed Biotechnol,2011,2011:451694.
[35]Chemnitz JM,Parry RV,Nichols KE,et al.SHP-1 and SHP-2 associate with immunoreceptortyrosine-based switch motif of programmed death 1 upon primary human T cell stimulation,but only receptor ligation prevents T cell activation[J].J Immunol,2004,173(2):945-954.
[36]Fife BT,Pauken KE,Eagar TN,et al.Interactions between PD-1 and PD-L1 promote tolerance by blocking the TCR-induced stop signal[J].Nat Immunol,2009,10(11): 1185-1192.
[37]Freeman GJ,Long AJ,Iwai Y,et al.Engagement of the PD-1 immunoinhibitory receptor by a novel B7 family member leads to negative regulation of lymphocyte activation[J].J Exp Med,2000,192(7):1027-1034.
[38]Carter L,F(xiàn)ouser LA,Jussif J,et al.PD-1:PD-L inhibitory pathway affects both CD4(+)and CD8(+)T cells and is overcome by IL-2[J].Eur J Immunol,2002,32(3):634-643.
[39]Ng WF,Duggan PJ,Ponchel F,et al.Human CD4(+) CD25(+)cells:a naturally occurring population of regulatory T cells[J].Blood,2001,98(9):2736-2744.
[40]Thornton AM,Shevach EM.CD4+CD25+immunoregulatory T cells suppress polyclonal T cell activation in vitro by inhibiting interleukin 2 production[J].J Exp Med,1998,188(2):287-296.
[41]Hori S,Nomura T,Sakaguchi S.Control of regulatory T cell development by the transcription factor Foxp3[J].Science,2003,299(5609):1057-1061.
[42]Kitazawa Y,F(xiàn)ujino M,Wang Q,et al.Involvement of the programmed death-1/programmed death-1 ligand pathway in CD4+CD25+regulatory T-cell activity to suppress alloimmune responses[J].Transplantation,2007,83(6):774-782.
[43]Dong H,Chen X.Immunoregulatory role of B7-H1 in chronicity of inflammatory responses[J].Cell Mol Immunol,2006,3(3):179-187.
[44]Zhang L,Conejo-Garcia JR,Katsaros D,et al.Intratumoral T cells,recurrence,and survival in epithelial ovarian cancer[J].N Engl J Med,2003,348(3):203-213.
[45]Ishigami S,Natsugoe S,Tokuda K,et al.Clinical impact of intratumoral natural killer cell and dendritic cell infiltration in gastric cancer[J].Cancer Lett,2000,159(1):103-108.
[46]Webster WS,Lohse CM,Thompson RH,et al.Mononuclear cell infiltration in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma independently predicts patient survival[J].Cancer,2006,107 (1):46-53.
[47]Pardoll DM.The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy[J].Nat Rev Cancer,2012,12(4):252-264.
[48]Marzec M,Zhang Q,Goradia A,et al.Oncogenic kinase NPM/ALK induces through STAT3 expression of immunosuppressive protein CD274(PD-L1,B7-H1)[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2008,105(52):20852-20857.
[49]Wilke CM,Wei S,Wang L,et al.Dual biological effects of the cytokines interleukin-10 and interferon-γ[J].Cancer Immunol Immunother,2011,60(11):1529-1541.
[50]Carreno BM,Collins M.BTLA:a new inhibitory receptor with a B7-like ligand[J].Trends Immunol,2003,24(10): 524-527.
[51]Lee SJ,Jang BC,Lee SW,et al.Interferon regulatory factor-1 is prerequisite to the constitutive expression and IFN-gamma-induced upregulation of B7-H1(CD274)[J]. FEBS Lett,2006,580(3):755-762.
Progress of B7-H1 expression in malignant tumors
QIN Fan,HOU Junxiu
(The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University,Huhhot Inner Mongolia 010050,China)
B7 homolog 1(B7-H1),a member of B7 family of immunoregulatory molecule,was widely expressed in cells and organs,including heart,placenta,lung,spleen,lymph node,thymus,kidney,skeletal muscle,as well as fetal hepatic tissues.Also,it is highly expressed in tumor cells.It could be apoptosis of immunocytes through triggering the caspase cascade reaction by combining with programmed death-1(PD-1),which finally resulted in tumor immune escape.Recently,extensive studies have been conducted to investigate its expression in malignant tumor,and its association with clinicopathological,prognostic and immunological factors.In this review,we summarized the expression of B7-H1 in common malignant tumors.
B7 homolog1(B7-H1);Mlignant tumors;Expression
R392.3;R73
A
2095-3097(2015)01-0056-05
10.3969/j.issn.2095-3097.2015.01.015
2014-11-02 本文編輯:徐海琴)
010050內(nèi)蒙古 呼和浩特,內(nèi)蒙古醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院(秦 璠,侯俊秀)
侯俊秀,E-mail:houjunxiu1962@126.com