潘理會(huì),李春輝,劉海旺,程 玉
(1.承德醫(yī)學(xué)院;2.承德醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院病理科,河北承德 067000)
胃癌組織中TGF-β1、Smad2與CyclinD1的表達(dá)及其相關(guān)性的研究
潘理會(huì)1,李春輝2△,劉海旺2,程 玉2
(1.承德醫(yī)學(xué)院;2.承德醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院病理科,河北承德 067000)
目的 探討胃癌組織中轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子β1(TGF-β1)、Smad2與細(xì)胞周期蛋白D1(CyclinD1)的表達(dá)及三者之間的相關(guān)性。方法選擇2007年1月至2012年1月腔鏡活檢正常胃黏膜20份(正常胃組織)作為對(duì)照組,手術(shù)切除胃癌標(biāo)本60份(高-中分化、低分化)作為胃癌組,用免疫組化法檢測(cè)TGF-β1、Smad2、CyclinD1正常胃組織及胃癌組織中的表達(dá)。結(jié)果TGF-β1及CyclinD1在胃癌組織中的表達(dá)高于對(duì)照組,Smad2在胃癌組中的表達(dá)低于對(duì)照組;TGF-β1及CyclinD1在低分化胃癌組中的表達(dá)高于高-中分化胃癌組;TGF-β1及CyclinD1在無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的胃癌組中的表達(dá)低于有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的胃癌組;TGF-β1、CyclinD1在胃癌組中的表達(dá)隨著TNM分期的提高而升高,高-中分化胃癌組Smad2較低分化胃癌組表達(dá)升高,Smad2的表達(dá)在無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的胃癌組中的表達(dá)高于有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的胃癌組;Smad2在胃癌中的表達(dá)隨TNM分期的提高而降低,TGF-β1、Smad2及CyclinD1的表達(dá)與患病年齡、性別無關(guān);TGF-β1與Smad2呈負(fù)相關(guān),TGF-β1與CyclinD1呈正相關(guān),CyclinD1與Smad2呈負(fù)相關(guān)。結(jié)論TGF-β1、Smad2與CyclinD1的表達(dá)與胃癌的發(fā)病有關(guān)。
胃腫瘤;轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子β1;Smad2蛋白質(zhì);細(xì)胞周期蛋白D1;基因表達(dá);相關(guān)性
轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子β1(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β1)的生長(zhǎng)抑制作用是通過其信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路完成的,TGF-β1首先與其對(duì)應(yīng)的受體結(jié)合形成復(fù)合物,該復(fù)合物可活化下游的細(xì)胞信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)物質(zhì)Smad2蛋白,活化的Smad2與Smad4結(jié)合后形成轉(zhuǎn)錄復(fù)合物進(jìn)入細(xì)胞核,而人類細(xì)胞周期蛋白 D1 (cell cycle proteinD1,Cyclin D1)是G1期細(xì)胞增殖信號(hào)的關(guān)鍵蛋白,其在細(xì)胞核中過表達(dá)可使細(xì)胞過快進(jìn)入細(xì)胞周期造成惡性增殖,而TGF-β1、Smad2與CyclinD1在胃癌組織中的表達(dá)及相關(guān)性的研究尚少見報(bào)道,本實(shí)驗(yàn)收集承德醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院2007年1月至2012年1月手術(shù)切除的胃癌組織標(biāo)本60份,采用免疫組化的方法檢測(cè)胃癌組織中TGF-β1、Smad2與CyclinD1蛋白的表達(dá)及相關(guān)性,為胃癌的發(fā)病機(jī)制研究提供理論依據(jù)。
1.1一般資料 收集承德醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院2007年1月至2012年1月腔鏡活檢正常胃黏膜20份(正常胃組織)為對(duì)照組,手術(shù)切除的胃癌組織標(biāo)本60份(高-中分化、低分化)為胃癌組,運(yùn)用免疫組化Elivision法檢測(cè)TGF-β1、Smad2、CyclinD1在正常胃組織及胃癌組織中的表達(dá),胃癌組患者均未作任何放化療治療。
1.2方法
1.2.1主要試劑 鼠抗人TGF-β1、Smad2、CyclinD1抗體即用型免疫組化試劑盒由武漢博士德生物技術(shù)公司提供。
1.2.2檢測(cè)方法 兩組組織標(biāo)本常規(guī)石蠟包埋后,連續(xù)切片4 μm常規(guī)脫蠟至水,以3%H2O2室溫孵育10 min,在微波爐中進(jìn)行抗原修復(fù),加正常山羊血清工作液進(jìn)行封閉,分別加TGF-β1、Smad2、CyclinD1抗體在37 ℃濕盒中溫育60 min后,在濕盒中4 ℃過夜,DAB顯色,蘇木素復(fù)染核,封片,觀察,另外,組織切片用PBS替代TGF-β1、Smad2、CyclinD1抗體作為陰性對(duì)照,陽性對(duì)照為已知TGF-β1、Smad2、CyclinD1陽性的胃癌組織標(biāo)本及已知陽性的正常胃組織標(biāo)本。
1.2.3結(jié)果判定 應(yīng)用CMIAS真彩色醫(yī)學(xué)圖象分析系統(tǒng),每張切片隨機(jī)選擇5個(gè)高倍(×200)視野,分別對(duì)5個(gè)不同視野中的各組免疫組化結(jié)果進(jìn)行積分光密度(integral optical density,IOD)測(cè)定,然后計(jì)算平均IOD值。
2.1兩組TGF-β1、Smad2、CyclinD1表達(dá)比較 TGF-β1及CyclinD1在胃癌組織中的表達(dá)高于對(duì)照組,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);Smad2蛋白在胃癌組中的表達(dá)低于對(duì)照組,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2TGF-β1 Smad2、CyclinD1在不同分化程度胃癌組織中的表達(dá)及與臨床特征的關(guān)系 TGF-β的表達(dá)在胃癌低分化組高于高-中分化組(P<0.05),在無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的胃癌組織中的表達(dá)低于有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的胃癌組織(P<0.05),在胃癌組的IOD值隨著TNM分期的提高而升高,Ⅰ~Ⅱ期為16.01±5.33,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期為22.24±4.42,組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。Smad2的表達(dá)在高-中分化胃癌組織中IOD值高于低分化胃癌組織(P<0.05),在無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的胃癌組織中的IOD值高于有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的胃癌組織(P<0.05),在胃癌組的IOD值隨著TNM分期的提高而降低,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期為13.13±3.07,Ⅰ~Ⅱ期為19.23±4.12,組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。CyclinD1的表達(dá)在低分化胃癌組織中IOD值高于高-中分化胃癌組織(P<0.05),在無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移胃癌組織中的IOD值低于有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的胃癌組織(P<0.05),在胃癌組的IOD值隨著TNM分期的提高而升高,Ⅰ~Ⅱ期與Ⅲ~Ⅳ期比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。TGF-β1、Smad2、CyclinD1蛋白表達(dá)均與患者年齡、性別無關(guān)(P>0.05),見圖1、表2。
表1 兩組TGF-β1、Smad2、CyclinD1的IOD值比較
a:P<0.05,與對(duì)照組比較。
2.3TGF-β1、Smad2、CyclinD1之間相關(guān)關(guān)系 TGF-β1與Smad2呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.782,P<0.05),與CyclinD1呈低度正相關(guān)(r=0.496,P<0.05);CyclinD1與Smad2呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.789,P<0.05)。
圖1 TGF-β1、Smad2、CyclinD1蛋白在各組組織標(biāo)本中表達(dá)(IHC×200)
表2 TGF-β1、Smad2、CyclinD1在胃癌組織中的表達(dá)及與臨床特征的關(guān)系
續(xù)表2 TGF-β1、Smad2、CyclinD1在胃癌組織中的表達(dá)及與臨床特征的關(guān)系
在正常細(xì)胞中,TGF-β1通過阻斷細(xì)胞從G1期進(jìn)入S期而抑制細(xì)胞增殖。因此,具有腫瘤抑制因子的作用,若阻斷對(duì)細(xì)胞的這種生長(zhǎng)抑制作用,可導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞增殖促進(jìn)腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展。腫瘤細(xì)胞自身會(huì)反饋性的增加TGF-β1的分泌,一定程度上促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞與細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)的相互作用,導(dǎo)致血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增生和腫瘤內(nèi)血管的形成給腫瘤的生長(zhǎng)和轉(zhuǎn)移提供合適的微環(huán)境[1],TGF-β1可依賴Smad2/3的作用抑制Bcl-xl表達(dá)進(jìn)而抑制細(xì)胞增長(zhǎng)[2-3]。本結(jié)果顯示,TGF-β1在正常胃組織中弱表達(dá),在胃癌中表達(dá)上調(diào),且隨著胃癌分化程度的降低、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、TNM分期增高而表達(dá)增強(qiáng),其表達(dá)與患者的年齡及性別無關(guān),表明TGF-β1與胃癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展有關(guān)[4-7]。
當(dāng)TGF-β1信號(hào)通路改變,其對(duì)靶細(xì)胞失去效應(yīng),可促進(jìn)腫瘤的演進(jìn)[8]。TGF-β1調(diào)控的基因通常依賴于即Smad2,Smad2在細(xì)胞核中形成轉(zhuǎn)錄活化復(fù)合體,可用來調(diào)控TGF-β1對(duì)下游基因的表達(dá)[9-12],研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Smad2主要通過干擾活化的TGF-β1型受體對(duì)其磷酸化水平的調(diào)節(jié),從而進(jìn)一步阻斷TGF-β1生長(zhǎng)抑制信號(hào)的傳導(dǎo)。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),Smad2蛋白在正常胃黏膜中高表達(dá),在胃癌中Smad2低表達(dá),而高-中分化胃癌Smad2的表達(dá)比低分化者高,同樣,在有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移者中Smad2的表達(dá)低于無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移者,TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期的Smad2的表達(dá)低于TNM分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期,以上結(jié)果表明,隨著胃癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展Smad2的表達(dá)呈現(xiàn)下降的趨勢(shì),說明Smad2在胃癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程中起到一定作用。
TGF-β1與其對(duì)應(yīng)的受體結(jié)合形成復(fù)合物,該復(fù)合物可活化下游的細(xì)胞信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)物質(zhì)Smad2蛋白,活化的Smad2與Smad4結(jié)合后形成轉(zhuǎn)錄復(fù)合物進(jìn)入細(xì)胞核,Cyclin D1是G1期細(xì)胞增殖信號(hào)的關(guān)鍵蛋白其在核中過表達(dá)可使細(xì)胞過快進(jìn)入細(xì)胞周期造成惡性增殖,目前對(duì)CyclinD1與胃癌發(fā)生、發(fā)展關(guān)系的研究并不明確,Cyclin D1的過度增殖可能是胃癌發(fā)生的重要因素[13-15],本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),CyclinD1在胃癌中的表達(dá)明顯高于正常胃黏膜,低分化胃癌的表達(dá)低于高中分化胃癌,而且在分化程度越低的癌腫表達(dá)率越高,該研究結(jié)果揭示CyclinD1與胃癌的分化程度、浸潤(rùn)深度及淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān),同時(shí)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)TGF-β1與Smad2呈負(fù)相關(guān),提示Smad2對(duì)TGF-β1有抑制作用,CyclinD1與Smad2呈負(fù)相關(guān),提示Smad2對(duì)CyclinD1可能具有負(fù)調(diào)節(jié)作用,TGF-β1與CyclinD1之間呈正相關(guān),提示TGF-β1對(duì)CyclinD1有正調(diào)節(jié)作用,即TGF-β1/Smad2信號(hào)通路可能通過調(diào)節(jié)CyclinD1導(dǎo)致胃癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展,而TGF-β1/Smads信號(hào)通路中TGF-β1,Smad2在胃癌發(fā)生、發(fā)展中的作用機(jī)制仍需進(jìn)一步研究。
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Expression of TGF-β1,Smad 2 and CyclinD1 in gastric carcinoma tissue and their correlation*
PanLihui1,LiChunhui2△,LiuHaiwang2,ChengYu2
(1.ChengdeMediecalCollege;2.AffiliatedHospitalofChengdeMediecalCollege,Chengde,Hebei067000,China)
Objective To explore the expression of TGF-β1,Smad2 and CyclinD1 protein in gastric carcinoma tissue and their correlation.Methods 20 specimens of normal gastric tissue by the endoscopic biopsy (control group) and 60 surgical specimens(high-middle differentiation,low differentiation) of gastric carcinoma(gastric cancer group) were collected from January 2007 to January 2012.The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of TGF-β1,Smad2 and CyclinD1 in gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric mucosal tissues.Results The expression of TGF-β1 and CyclinD1 in the gastric cancer group was significantly higher than that in the normal gastric tissue group,while the expression of Smad2 in the gastric cancer group was significantly lower than that in the normal gastric tissue group;the expression of TGF-β1 and CyclinD1 in the low differentiation group was higher than that in the high-middle differentiation group,the expression of TGF-β1 and CyclinD1 in the non lymph node metastasis group was lower than that in the lymph node metastasis group;the expression of TGF-β1 and CyclinD1 protein in gastric cancer was increased with the increase of the TNM staging.The expression of Smad2 in the high-middle differentiation group was higher than that in the low differentiation group,the expression of Smad2 in the non-lymph node metastasis group was higher than that in the lymph node metastasis group;the expression of Smad2 in gastric cancer was decreased with the increase of the TNM staging.The expression of TGF-β1,Smad2 and CyclinD1 in the gastric cancer group had no relation with age and gender.TGF-β1 was negatively correlated with Smad2,TGF-β1 was positively correlated with CyclinD1,CyclinD1 was negatively correlated with Smad2.Conclusion TGF-β1 and Smad2 are related with the CyclinD1 expression and pathogenesis of gastirc carcinoma.
stomach neoplasms;transforming growth factor beta1;smad2 protein;CyclinD1;gene expression;correlation
·臨床研究
10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2015.11.013
河北省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)研究重點(diǎn)課題計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(ZL20140103)。
潘理會(huì)(1965-),高級(jí)實(shí)驗(yàn)師,大學(xué)本科,主要從事胃癌的基礎(chǔ)與臨床研究。
△通訊作者,Tel:15633142839;E-mail:chli612@126.com。
R735.2
A
1671-8348(2015)11-1481-03
2014-11-10
2015-01-25)