王德紅
情態(tài)動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,表示說話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語氣的動詞,但不能單獨作謂語,只能和其他動詞原形構成謂語。情態(tài)動詞是英語動詞中最復雜、最難把握的,也是每年高考英語的必考內(nèi)容。筆者在分析了近幾年全國各地有關情態(tài)動詞高頻考題的基礎上,整理歸納了情態(tài)動詞的一些常用考點,并結合具體事例進行闡述,希望對同學們的備考有所啟發(fā)和幫助。
1. can
常用來表示“能力”,是一種客觀情況,而be able to表示經(jīng)過一番努力才做到(通常用于過去時態(tài)中)。如:
I am starving to death. I can eat two bowls of rice now.
我都快餓死了。我現(xiàn)在能吃兩碗米飯。
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.
盡管這場大火迅速蔓延到整個賓館,但是每個人都設法逃了出來。
用在肯定句中,表示可能性,是一種理論上的推測,常翻譯成“有時會”。如:
It is often warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.
我的家鄉(xiāng)三月份通常很暖和,但有時候相當冷。
-How are we going to the railway station?
-By bus! Attempting to call a taxi in our city, especially during rush hours, ________ be an exercise in frustration. (2013年江蘇蘇州一模)
A. can B. used to C. should D. has to
分析:答案為A。can在此意為“有時會”。
2. must
常用來表示必要性,意為“必須”,強調(diào)主觀上必須做某事;而have to 意為“不得不”,強調(diào)客觀上得做某事。如:
It is raining heavily outside, so he has to stay at home.
外面正下著大雨,他不得不待在家里。
He has made up his mind that he must finish the experiment before the deadline.
他已下定決心必須在截止日期前完成那個實驗。
用于疑問句,表示責備、抱怨的感情色彩,意為“非得、偏要、硬要”,而mustnt則表示“禁止、不允許”,是說話人強有力的勸告。如:
-________ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?
-Sorry Sir, but its urgent. (2014年重慶高考)
A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would
分析:答案為C。must在此意為“非得、偏要、硬要”。
The new law states that people ________ drive after drinking alcohol. (2012年上海高考)
A. wouldnt B. neednt C. wont D. mustnt
分析:答案為D。mustnt在此意為“禁止、不允許”。
3. should
表示必要性,意為“ (義務上)應該”。如:
The young man should be responsible for yesterdays accident.
那個年輕人應該對昨天的事故負責。
表示推測,意為“按常理應該”。如:
It is already seven oclock now. She should be here at any moment.
現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)七點了。她隨時會到這里。
在某些名詞性從句中,表示驚異、意外等情緒,常翻譯為“竟然”。如:
-This city is a dull place to live in.
-How surprising that you ________ think so! I love it very much. (2012年江蘇南通二模)
A. shall B. would C. might D. should
分析:答案為D。should在此意為“竟然”。
在虛擬條件狀語從句中,表示將來不能實現(xiàn)的假設,意為“萬一”。如:
The sleeping baby would be scared ________ a sudden loud noise. (2013年江蘇南京三模)
A. was there B. there was
C. should there be D. there should be
分析:答案為C。此句為虛擬條件句表將來,省略了連詞if,把should提前至從句句首,形成倒裝,should翻譯為“萬一”。
4. will/would
would表示“意志、意愿”,適用于各種人稱。如:
Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but ________ say where he was. (2012年江蘇高考)
A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt
分析:答案為C。wouldnt在此意為“不愿意”。
will用來表示現(xiàn)在的習慣和特性,尤其是不受時限必然發(fā)生的情況;而would則表示過去的習慣或某種傾向。如:
Hes strange,he will sit for hours without saying anything.
他很奇怪,坐幾個小時一句話也不說。
I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ take me to Disneyland at weekends. (2014年四川高考)
A. might B. must C. would D. should
分析:答案為C。would在此意為“過去常?!薄?/p>
wont/wouldnt +主動語態(tài),表示拒絕或不可。如:
The door ________ open, no matter how hard she pushed. (2014年新課標卷II)
A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt
分析:答案為C。wouldnt在此意為“就是不”。
5. shall
用于第二人稱和第三人稱陳述句,表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。如:
You shall leave the room at once, and he also shall. 你馬上離開這個房間,他也一樣。
-I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month.
-Dont worry. You ________ have it by Friday. (2010年江蘇高考)
A. could B. shall C. must D. may
分析:答案為B。shall在此表示說話人給對方的允諾。
用于主語是“條約、法律法規(guī)、規(guī)章制度”等文件,表示義務和規(guī)定。如:
While by regulations high school students ________ not use cell phones in the school, they can use public phones to keep in touch with friends and family. (2013年江蘇南通一模)
A. must B. shall C. would D. might
分析:答案為B。shall在此表示“按規(guī)定”。
6. need/dare
兩者既可作為行為動詞也可作為情態(tài)動詞,做情態(tài)動詞多用于否定句和疑問句。I dare say意為“我想,大概”。如:
-Need we clean the classroom now?
-Yes, you must/have to.
-No, you neednt/dont have to.
注意:肯定回答不可用need。
He dare not look at her in the face.
他不敢正眼看她。
7. would rather
意為“寧愿”,后接動詞原形,也可接句子,此時動詞必須用虛擬語氣,表示現(xiàn)在和將來,動詞用一般過去時,表過去則用過去完成時。如:
I would rather stay alone at the moment.
我寧愿目前一個人待著。
We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. (2014年陜西高考)
A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay
分析:答案為C。would rather后面接的句子應用虛擬語氣。從句子可看出表示將來,故用一般過去時,很多同學誤選過去將來時would stay。
8. may (might) as well
意為“還是……為好”,后接動詞原形。如:
We might as well wait for a bus to get to the station since we are not in a hurry.
既然不忙,我們還是坐車到車站。